scholarly journals Factors affecting the early postoperative period of cochlear implantation

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
Yu. S. Preobrazhenskaya ◽  
◽  
M. V. Drozdova ◽  
S. B. Sugarova ◽  
D. D. Kalyapin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Period ◽  
Cochlear Implantation ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Early Postoperative Period ◽  
Surgical Trauma ◽  
Herpesvirus Infection ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
The Impact

Persistence of viral infections ((Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV)) contributes to the development of inflammatory pathology of the upper respiratory tract, as well as dystrophic processes in hepatocytes. The impact of this fact on the early postoperative period during cochlear implantation remains poorly understood. A clinical and audiological examination of 100 children with high-grade sensorineural hearing loss was performed. Within the framework of the work, a serological and molecular genetic examination of patients for herpesvirus infections (Epstein–Barr virus, cytomegalovirus) was performed. Two comparison groups are highlighted. The first group included 58 patients with detected latent infections. In the second group 42 patients did not have serological and molecular genetic markers of infection with herpesvirus infection. There is evidence in the literature that surgical trauma combined with general anesthesia can cause reactivation of persistent herpesvirus infection. In 4% (n = 4), markers of an active infectious process were detected. The analysis of the course of the postoperative period in children in two study groups after cochlear implantation was performed. In the hemostatic system, hypocoagulation disorders were found in a number of children. Persistent herpesvirus infection can be a trigger for the development of both inflammatory and non-inflammatory complications after surgical treatment.

scholarly journals Impact of tumor Epstein-Barr virus status on presenting features and outcome in age-defined subgroups of patients with classic Hodgkin lymphoma: a population-based study

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (7) ◽  
pp. 2444-2451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth F. Jarrett ◽  
Gail L. Stark ◽  
Jo White ◽  
Brian Angus ◽  
Freda E. Alexander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe association between tumor Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) status and clinical outcome in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is controversial. This population-based study assessed the impact of EBV status on survival in age-stratified cohorts of adults with classic HL (cHL). Data from 437 cases were analyzed with a median follow-up of 93 months. Overall survival (OS) was significantly better for EBV-negative compared with EBV-positive patients (P < .001), with 5-year survival rates of 81% and 66%, respectively; disease-specific survival (DSS) was also greater for EBV-negative patients (P = .03). The impact of EBV status varied with age at diagnosis. In patients aged 16 to 34 years, EBV-associated cases had a survival advantage compared with EBV-negative cases, but differences were not statistically significant (P = .21). Among patients 50 years or older, EBV positivity was associated with a significantly poorer outcome (P = .003). Excess deaths occurred in EBV-positive patients with both early- and advanced-stage disease. In multivariate analysis of OS in the older patients, EBV status retained statistical significance after adjusting for the effects of sex, stage, and B symptoms (P = .01). Impaired immune status may contribute to the development of EBV-positive cHL in older patients, and strategies aimed at boosting the immune response should be investigated in the treatment of these patients. (Blood. 2005;106:2444-2451)

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Diagnostic Approaches for Epstein–Barr Virus

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mai Abdel Haleem Abusalah ◽  
Siew Hua Gan ◽  
Mohammad A. I. Al-Hatamleh ◽  
Ahmad Adebayo Irekeola ◽  
Rafidah Hanim Shueb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hodgkin’S Lymphoma ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Hodgkin's Lymphoma ◽  
Sample Type ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
The Impact

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is the causative agent of many diseases including infectious mononucleosis (IM), and it is associated with different subtypes of lymphoma, sarcoma and carcinoma such as Hodgkin’s lymphoma, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and gastric carcinoma. With the advent of improved laboratory tests for EBV, a timelier and accurate diagnosis could be made to aid better prognosis and effective treatment. For histopathological lesions, the in situ hybridization (ISH) of EBV-encoded RNA (EBER) in biopsy tissues remains the gold standard for detecting EBV. Methods such as the heterophile antibody test, immunofluorescence assays, enzyme immunoassays, Western blot, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are also employed in the detection of EBV in different types of samples. The determination of EBV viral load using PCR, however, is gaining more prominence in the diagnosis of EBV-associated diseases. Given the challenge of false positive/negative results that are sometimes experienced during the detection of EBV, variability in results from different laboratories, and the impact of factors such as sample type and the immunological status of patients from whom samples are collected, the need to critically examine these present methods is invaluable. This review thus presents current advances in the detection of EBV, detailing the advantages and disadvantages of the various techniques. In addition, fundamental virological concepts are highlighted to enhance the greater understanding, the proper application, and the interpretation of EBV tests.

Latent Epstein-Barr Virus Infection of Tumor Cells in Classical Hodgkin's Lymphoma Predicts Adverse Outcome in Older Adult Patients

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (23) ◽  
pp. 3815-3821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjan Diepstra ◽  
Gustaaf W. van Imhoff ◽  
Michael Schaapveld ◽  
Henrike Karim-Kos ◽  
Anke van den Berg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cell ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Hodgkin’S Lymphoma ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Hodgkin's Lymphoma ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
The Impact

Purpose In classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (cHL), the impact of tumor cell Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) status on clinical outcome is controversial. Patients and Methods We assessed failure-free survival (FFS) and relative survival (RS) in 412 patients with cHL and age-defined subgroups in a population-based study in the northern Netherlands. Tumor cell EBV status was positive in 34%, and the median follow-up time was 7.1 years. Patients' median age at diagnosis was 35 years (range, 7 to 91 years), and 63% had Ann Arbor stage I or II, 24% had stage III, and 12% had stage IV disease. Results EBV status influenced 5-year FFS and RS only in patients from the age group 50 to 74 years. Five-year FFS was 60% in patients with EBV-positive versus 85% in EBV-negative tumors (P = .01). Five-year RS was 69% in patients with EBV-positive versus 82% in EBV-negative tumors (P = .03). After adjusting for histology, HLA class II expression by tumor cells, stage, presence of extranodal localizations and treatment, and the effect of positive EBV tumor status remained significant in FFS multivariate analysis (hazard ratio, 3.11; 95% CI, 1.28 to 7.53; P = .01). Conclusion This study indicates that treatment failure in older adult patients with cHL is associated with positive tumor cell EBV status.

The Impact of Latent Epstein-Barr Virus Infection on Outcome in Children and Adolescents with Hodgkin’s Lymphoma.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 3121-3121
Author(s):  
Alexander Claviez ◽  
Markus Tiemann ◽  
Heike Lueders ◽  
Reza Parwaresch ◽  
Guenther Schellong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Hodgkin’S Lymphoma ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Hodgkin's Lymphoma ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Ebv Infection ◽  
Nodular Sclerosis ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The prognostic significance of latent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection in Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) is debated controversially. Especially in the pediatric age group, no conclusive data are available due to small series. 842 children and adolescents (55% male) with a median age of 13.7 years (range, 2–20) from consecutive pediatric DAL/GPOH multicenter treatment studies HD-90 and HD-95 were studied for the presence of latent EBV infection in Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells by immunostaining against latent membrane protein 1 (LMP-1). Histology subtypes were as follows: nodular sclerosis (NSHL) 549, mixed cellularity (MCHL) 190, lymphocyte predominance (NLPHL) 90, lymphocyte depletion (LDHL) 6, lymphocyte-rich classical HL (LRCHL) 5, not specified 2. 88 patients had stage I, 470 had stage II, 172 had stage III and 112 had stage IV. B symptoms were present in 274 patients (33%). LMP status was compared with clinical parameters and established risk factors. A total of 263 patients (32%) were LMP positive. EBV infection correlated with gender (male 39% vs. female 23%; p<.001), histological subtype (MCHL 69% vs. NSHL 22% vs. NLPHL 6%; p<.001) and age (<10 years 67% vs ≥10 years 28%, p<.001. With a median follow-up of 4.9 years (0.3–12) 820 patients (97%) are alive. Probability of overall survival at 10 years (±SD) for EBV negative and positive patients was 98±1% and 95±1%, respectively (p=.017 by log-rank test). Probability of failure-free survival (FFS) in LMP positive and negative patients was 89±2% and 84±4%, respectively (p=.86). With respect to LMP status, a negative effect of latent EBV infection on overall survival became evident only for patients treated for advanced stages (p=.003), those with nodular sclerosis subtype Bennett II (p=.02) and B symptoms (p=.05). In a multivariate regression analysis, allocation to treatment group (RR=3.7) and LMP positivity (RR=3.01) were independent factors for overall survival and presence of B symptoms (RR=2.4) for FFS. Under current highly effective polychemotherapy with or without involved field radiotherapy in pediatric HL, latent EBV infection has no influence on FFS in univariate and multivariate analysis. LMP positivity, however, seems to be associated with an inferior overall survival in some subgroups.

scholarly journals Deletion of Epstein-Barr Virus Regulatory Sequences Upstream of the EBNA Gene Promoter Wp1 Is Unfavorable for B-Cell Immortalization

2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (22) ◽  
pp. 11763-11769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina I. Yoo ◽  
Josh Woloszynek ◽  
Steven Templeton ◽  
Samuel H. Speck
Keyword(s):  
B Cell ◽  
Transcription Initiation ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Regulatory Region ◽  
Regulatory Sequences ◽  
Recombinant Viruses ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Cell Immortalization ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Transcription of the six Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) EBNA genes is coordinately regulated, being driven by either the Cp promoter, which is encoded within the unique region just upstream of the EBV major internal repeat (IR-1), or by the Wp promoter, which is encoded within the IR-1 repeat and thus present in multiple copies. Previous analyses of Cp- and Wp-initiated transcription have identified a shared cis-regulatory element mapping to the region extending from −169 to −369 bp upstream of the Wp transcription initiation site (M. T. Puglielli, N. Desai, and S. H. Speck, J. Virol. 71:120-128, 1997). To assess the impact of this regulatory region on Cp and Wp activity in the context of the viral genome, we attempted to delete this regulatory region upstream of the first copy of Wp (Wp1). While 10 recombinant viruses were obtained in which this deletion was incorporated in the interior of the IR-1 repeat, only a single lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL) immortalized by a recombinant EBV harboring the deletion upstream of Wp1 was recovered. In contrast, using a control targeting vector in which the Wp regulatory sequences were intact but which contained a sequence tag within the W0 exon, we demonstrated that of the five recombinant viruses analyzed in which the crossover event had occurred upstream of the Wp sequence tag, four had incorporated the tagged sequences into Wp1 of the virus. Taken together, these results indicate that deletion of the regulatory sequences from −369 to −169 bp upstream of Wp1 is unfavorable for EBV-driven B-cell immortalization but is tolerated within the interior of the IR-1 repeat. Analysis of promoter usage in the clone 9-60 LCL, in which the W enhancer sequences were deleted upstream of Wp1, revealed the following: (i) the level of Cp-initiated transcription was significantly diminished compared to that of wild-type LCLs; (ii) the decreased Cp-initiated transcription was not efficiently compensated by transcription initiation from Wp1; and (iii) transcription initiation from downstream Wp promoters was detectable. This is the first report of an LCL in which transcription initiation from a Wp downstream of Wp1 has been documented.

scholarly journals Co-Reactivation of Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr Virus Was Associated With Poor Prognosis After Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing-Rui Zhou ◽  
Da-Yu Shi ◽  
Rong Wei ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Chen-Hua Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Transplantation ◽  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Post Transplantation ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
The Impact

Reactivation of cytomegalovirus (CMV) or Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is common after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Previous researches have demonstrated that either CMV or EBV reactivation is associated with poor outcomes of HSCT. However, few studies investigate the impact of CMV and EBV co-reactivation after HSCT. In this study, we described the clinical characteristics of HSCT recipients with CMV and EBV co-reactivation (defined as CMV and EBV viremia occur at the same period of time). We conducted a longitudinal study of 247 patients who underwent HSCT in our center. A total of 24 (9.7%) patients had CMV and EBV co-reactivation. These patients showed higher incidence of viral pneumonitis (P=0.005). Patients with CMV and EBV co-reactivation had significant lower 1-year overall survival (OS) (P=0.004) and lower 1-year leukemia free survival (LFS) (P=0.016). Our further analysis suggested that duration of CMV (P=0.014), EBV (P<0.001), and CD4+CD25+ T cell counts at day 30 post-transplantation (P=0.05) are independent risk factors of virus co-reactivation. In conclusion, patients who developed co-reactivation of CMV and EBV had poor prognosis in terms of lower 1-year OS and LFS, and the CMV and EBV co-reactivation was associated with prolonged CMV or EBV duration and poor CD4+CD25+ T cell reconstitution at day 30 post-transplantation.

scholarly journals Modulation of alternative splicing during early infection of human primary B lymphocytes with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV): a novel function for the viral EBNA-LP protein

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (18) ◽  
pp. 10657-10676
Author(s):  
Evelyne Manet ◽  
Hélène Polvèche ◽  
Fabrice Mure ◽  
Paulina Mrozek-Gorska ◽  
Florian Roisné-Hamelin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Splicing ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Splice Variant ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Human Herpesvirus ◽  
Splicing Regulation ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Ebv Infection ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a human herpesvirus associated with human cancers worldwide. Ex vivo, the virus efficiently infects resting human B lymphocytes and induces their continuous proliferation. This process is accompanied by a global reprogramming of cellular gene transcription. However, very little is known on the impact of EBV infection on the regulation of alternative splicing, a pivotal mechanism that plays an essential role in cell fate determination and is often deregulated in cancer. In this study, we have developed a systematic time-resolved analysis of cellular mRNA splice variant expression during EBV infection of resting B lymphocytes. Our results reveal that major modifications of alternative splice variant expression appear as early as day 1 post-infection and suggest that splicing regulation provides—besides transcription—an additional mechanism of gene expression regulation at the onset of B cell activation and proliferation. We also report a role for the viral proteins, EBNA2 and EBNA-LP, in the modulation of specific alternative splicing events and reveal a previously unknown function for EBNA-LP—together with the RBM4 splicing factor—in the alternative splicing regulation of two important modulators of cell proliferation and apoptosis respectively, NUMB and BCL-X.

scholarly journals Molecular genetic analysis of three AIDS-associated neoplasms of uncertain lineage demonstrates their B-cell derivation and the possible pathogenetic role of the Epstein-Barr virus

Blood ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 792-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
DM Knowles ◽  
G Inghirami ◽  
A Ubriaco ◽  
R Dalla-Favera
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Chain Gene ◽  
Gene Rearrangements ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Gene Rearrangement Analysis

Abstract Each of three individuals with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) developed a pleomorphic malignant neoplasm in which a precise histopathologic diagnosis could not be rendered. In each case, the tumor cells expressed leukocyte common antigen and a variable constellation of antigens associated with B- and T-cell activation (HLA- DR, T9, T10, BL2, BL3, Ki-24, BLAST-2). They lacked all B cell, T cell, myeloid, and monocyte lineage-restricted antigens, resulting in their classification as hematopoietic neoplasms of uncertain lineage. However, antigen receptor gene rearrangement analysis demonstrated that each of these three neoplasms exhibited clonal immunoglobulin heavy chain and kappa light chain gene rearrangements and lacked T-cell receptor beta chain gene rearrangements and therefore were B cell- derived non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) representative of an equivalent, relatively mature stage of B-cell differentiation. In contrast with most AIDS-associated NHLs, each of these three neoplasms lacked c-myc gene rearrangements and contained Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) proteins and/or sequences. These studies demonstrate that these three AIDS- associated neoplasms of uncertain lineage exhibit a strikingly similar constellation of distinctly uncommon morphologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular genetic characteristics that distinguishes them substantially from the vast majority of NHLs that have been reported to occur in association with AIDS. The consistent presence of EBV proteins and/or DNA sequences suggests that the Epstein-Barr virus played a pathogenetic role in the development of these three AIDS-associated neoplasms. Finally, these studies further illustrate the utility of antigen receptor gene rearrangement analysis in the diagnosis and classification of hematopoietic neoplasms of uncertain lineage.

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