Endogenous intoxication in chronic pathology of pharynx in children

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 94-101
Author(s):  
T. A. Mashkova ◽  
◽  
I. I. Chirkova ◽  
O. N. Yamshchikov ◽  
I. Yu. Revyakin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Fluids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chronic Tonsillitis ◽  
Palatine Tonsils ◽  
Immunological Markers ◽  
Decay Products ◽  
Endogenous Intoxication ◽  
Pathological Hypertrophy ◽  
Chronic Adenoiditis ◽  
Pharyngeal Tonsil

A review of scientific Russian and foreign articles devoted to the development of endogenous intoxication in chronic inflammatory pathology of the lymphoepithelial pharyngeal ring is carried out. Chronic tonsillitis and adenoiditis in children are one of the unsolved issues in otorhinolaryngology. Chronic tonsillitis is a chronic inflammation of the palatine tonsils characterized by recurrent exacerbations in the form of tonsillitis and a general toxic-allergic reaction. Adenoid vegetation is a pathological hypertrophy of the pharyngeal tonsil. Chronic adenoiditis is a chronic polyetiologic disease, which is based on a violation of the physiological immune processes of the pharyngeal tonsil. In children, one cannot talk about an isolated inflammation of the pharyngeal tonsil, since as a result of exposure to antigens, an immune response arises, which involves all structures of the lymphoepithelial pharyngeal ring in the process, therefore some authors distinguish the term «adenotonsillitis». With pronounced activation of microflora in the nasopharynx and oropharynx, the body’s resistance to pathogenic microorganisms decreases, as a result of which decay products and toxins damage the vascular endothelium, disrupt their permeability and, penetrating through the epithelial barrier, contribute to the development of chronic intoxication and sensitization of the body. Endogenous intoxication is a polyetiologic and polypathogenetic syndrome characterized by the accumulation of endogenous toxins in tissues and biological fluids. Diagnostics of the endogenous intoxication severity includes a number of clinical and laboratory indicators and immunological markers. But, despite the constant improvement of the research methods, the issue of endotoxicosis diagnosis in chronic tonsillitis and adenoiditis remains insufficiently studied. As a result of the inadequate diagnosis, there is often a simultaneous removal of the pharyngeal and palatine tonsils, which in turn can lead to irreversible consequences.

Optimization of treatment of lymphopharyngeal ring organ hypertrophy in children infected with herpes viruses

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 133-137
Author(s):  
E. M. Pokrovskaya ◽  
◽  
S. V. Khaliullina ◽  
V. A. Anokhin ◽  
K. R. Khaliullina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compensatory Hypertrophy ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Herpes Viruses ◽  
Palatine Tonsils ◽  
History Of ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Chronic Adenoiditis ◽  
High Treatment ◽  
Pharyngeal Tonsil

The aim of the work is to evaluate the prevalence of herpes virus infection of nasopharynx mucosa in children with hypertrophy of adenoid and palatine tonsils to improve the complex treatment methods. An open continuous prospective analytical study was carried out, which included examination and treatment of 186 patients with chronic adenoiditis. The patients were divided into three groups. The first group included 146 children with a diagnosis of adenoids grade 3 – 90 people; adenoids grade 3, hypertrophy of the tonsils grade 2-3 – 56 people. Endoscopic adeno- or adenotonsillotomy was performed in patients of the first group. Patients of the second group had adenoids grade 1–2 and received conservative treatment. Patients of the third group were children with compensatory hypertrophy of the palatine tonsils and recurrences of adenoids, who had a history of endoscopic anesthetic adenotomy. All patients were examined for the presence of Epstein-Barr and cytomegaloviruses DNA in swabs from the nasopharynx and oropharynx by PCR. The result was positive in 63.3% of patients with pharyngeal tonsil hypertrophy and in 76.8% of patients with pharyngeal and tonsil hypertrophy. The calculation of the odds ratio indicated that the probability of hypertrophy of these tonsils in children infected with herpes viruses is 3.3 times higher (OR 3.3; 95% CI 1.2-9.1) than in uninfected ones. Patients from the first group with a positive test result for herpes viruses, in addition to surgical and basic therapy, received a drug with antiviral and immunomodulatory activity. The results of endoscopic adenotomy and adenotonzillotomy in combination with the administration of etiotropic therapy indicated a high treatment efficiency.

scholarly journals Importance of toxic metabolite mineralization in ensuring physiological aging and human longevity

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-73
Author(s):  
С.Н. Шатохина ◽  
Д.С. Уварова ◽  
В.Н. Шабалин
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toxic Metabolite ◽  
Physiological Aging ◽  
Toxic Metabolites ◽  
Endogenous Intoxication ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Middle Molecules

Актуальность. Долголетие человека с высоким качеством жизни является одной из наиболее важных проблем мирового значения. Долгожители представляют собой биологическую элиту человеческой популяции, что заставляет проводить углублённые исследования факторов, обеспечивающих физиологическое старение и долголетие человека. Одним из таких факторов является способность организма нейтрализовать токсические свойства метаболитов посредством минерализации. Цель: выявить биологические особенности организма долгожителей по критерию соотношения показателей эндогенной интоксикации и минерализации эндотоксинов по сравнению с пациентами среднего, пожилого и старческого возраста. Материалы и методы. Материалом для исследования являлись биологические жидкости (сыворотка крови, моча, ротовая жидкость). В качестве основного применён метод клиновидной дегидратации биологических жидкостей. Как вспомогательные использованы методы: определение молекул средней массы в сыворотке крови; определение высокомолекулярной фракции циркулирующих иммунных комплексов в сыворотке крови и метод рентгеноспектрального микроанализа структур твёрдой фазы мочи и ротовой жидкости. Результаты. Установлено, что естественное возрастное увеличение количества токсических метаболитов в организме человека значительно опережает повышение нейтрализующей токсины биоминерализационной активности. Однако пациенты старше 85 лет представляют исключение из этой закономерности: рост биоминерализационной активности в данной возрастной группе адекватен росту эндогенной интоксикации. Это обеспечивает более высокую резистентность организма к токсическим метаболитам и определяет большую продолжительность жизни. Заключение. Структура фаций биологических жидкостей даёт возможность интегрально оценивать текущей уровень эндогенной интоксикации в соотношении с биоминерализационной активностью организма. Background. Longevity with a high quality of life is one of the most important goals of global significance. Centenarians represent a biological elite of the human population, which encourages conducting in-depth studies of factors that provide physiological aging and longevity of people. One of these factors is the body’s ability to neutralize toxicity of metabolites through mineralization. Aim. To identify biological characteristics of a long-liver’s body by the criterion of intoxication to endotoxin mineralization ratio as compared to patients of middle, elderly, and senile age. Methods. Cuneiform dehydration of biological fluids was used as the main method. Auxiliary methods included determination of middle molecules in blood serum; determination of high-molecular fraction of circulating immune complexes in blood serum; and the x-ray spectral microanalysis of urine and oral fluid. Results. The natural, age-related increase in the number of toxic metabolites in the human body significantly precedes the increase in toxin-neutralizing biomineralization activity. However, centenarians (patients older than 85) are an exception to this pattern: in this age group, the growth of biomineralization activity is adequate to the growth of endogenous intoxication. This provides a higher resistance of the body to toxic metabolites and determines a longer life expectancy. Conclusion. The structure of facies of biological fluids allows integral evaluation of the current level of endogenous intoxication in relation to the biomineralization activity in the body. Long-livers were shown to have a higher ability to neutralize endotoxins through biomineralization, which provides them with a longer lifespan.

scholarly journals Morphofunctional condition of palatine tonsils in various forms of chronic tonsillitis

2020 ◽  
pp. 150-159
Author(s):  
V. T. Pal’chun ◽  
A. I. Kriukov ◽  
A. V. Gurov ◽  
T. K. Dubovaya ◽  
A. G. Ermolaev
Keyword(s):  
Conservative Treatment ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Conservative Therapy ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Chronic Tonsillitis ◽  
Palatine Tonsils

Introduction. According to different authors, 4 to 40% of the child and adult population suffer from chronic tonsillitis (СT), with many authors noting an increase in the number of cases and no tendency to decrease the frequency of this pathology.Objective. To optimize diagnostics and treatment tactic of taking patients with chronic tonsillitis (CT) using our own clinical and laboratory data and morphological data as well as literature data.Materials and methods. Аt the first stage of work, 166 patients were examined. They were divided into 4 categories (experimental groups) depending on clinical CT classification according to B.S. Preobrazhensky and V.T. Palchun. We also formed a group of patients who did not have CT symptoms. All patients underwent tonsillectomy or tonsillotomy. All tissue samples of palatine tonsils we got were investigated using immunohistochemical markers and default histological colorings. At the second stage, the dynamics of complaints, clinical symptoms and laboratory parameters were assessed in 247 patients diagnosed with CT Toxic-Allergic Form I (CT TAF I) before conservative treatment and 3 months after conservative treatment. Patients were divided into 3 groups depending on the conservative treatment regimen: a course of flushing the lacunae of the tonsils; antibiotic therapy with a retard form of clarithromycin; complex treatment combining the first two options.Results. Тhe chronic inflammatory process in the palatine tonsils changes their cytoarchitectonics. At the same time, there is a direct correlation between the presence and severity of changes with the clinical classification of chemotherapy according to B.S. Preobrazhensky and V.T. Palchun.Conclusion. With CT TAF II, the palatine tonsil not only loses its importance as an organ of the immune system, but also becomes a hotbed of infection in the body, which can cause severe complications. Only tonsillectomy can effectively protect the patient from these complications. At the stage of CT TAF I, the formation of metatansillar complications occurs. Patients with this form of CT require special attention, and correctly conducted conservative therapy can protect patients from local and general complications of CT. A variant of such conservative therapy that gives a lasting effect is complex therapy with washing the lacunae of the palatine tonsils with an antiseptic solution and simultaneous antibiotic therapy with 14-membered macrolides that can accumulate in the lymphadenoid tissue.

scholarly journals Functional characterization of T-cells from palatine tonsils in patients with chronic tonsillitis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. e0183214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Geißler ◽  
Robby Markwart ◽  
Robert Pascal Requardt ◽  
Cynthia Weigel ◽  
Katja Schubert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Chronic Tonsillitis ◽  
Palatine Tonsils

Serum immunoglobulins in patients with chronic tonsillitis

1984 ◽  
Vol 98 (12) ◽  
pp. 1213-1216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harbans Lal ◽  
O. P. Sachdeva ◽  
H. R. Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antigenic Stimulation ◽  
Chronic Tonsillitis ◽  
Serum Immunoglobulin ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune System ◽  
The Mean

AbstractSerum immunoglobulin (IgG, IgA and IgM) levels were determined in patients with chronic tonsillitis before and one month after tonsillectomy. The preoperative levels of serum IgG, IgA and IgM were significantly higher when compared with the controls. The increase may be due to repeated antigenic stimulation. The post-operative levels for the three immunoglobulins were decreased; however, a significant reduction was observed for IgG only where the mean value was comparable with the control group. The data confirm that tonsillectomy does not disturb the humoral immune system of the body.

scholarly journals The Use of Infrared Spectrophotometry for Measuring Body Water Spaces

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 1077-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Jennings ◽  
Leslie Bluck ◽  
Antony Wright ◽  
Marinos Elia
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Deuterium Oxide ◽  
Body Water ◽  
The Body ◽  
Infrared Spectrophotometry ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Novel Algorithm

Abstract Background: The conventional method of measuring total body water by the deuterium isotope dilution method uses gas isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), which is both expensive and time-consuming. We investigated an alternative method, using Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR), which uses less expensive instrumentation and requires little sample preparation. Method: Total body water measurements in human subjects were made by obtaining plasma, saliva, and urine samples before and after oral dosing with 1.5 mol of deuterium oxide. The enrichments of the body fluids were determined from the FTIR spectra in the range 1800–2800 cm−1, using a novel algorithm for estimation of instrumental response, and by IRMS for comparison. Results: The CV (n = 5) for repeat determinations of deuterium oxide in biological fluids and calibrator solutions (400–1000 μmol/mol) was found to be in the range 0.1–0.9%. The use of the novel algorithm instead of the integration routines supplied with the instrument gave at least a threefold increase in precision, and there was no significant difference between the results obtained with FTIR and those obtained with IRMS. Conclusion: This improved infrared method for measuring deuterium enrichment in plasma and saliva requires no sample preparation, is rapid, and has potential value to the clinician.

Smart Textiles with Biosensing Capabilities

2012 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 129-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Pasche ◽  
Bastien Schyrr ◽  
Bernard Wenger ◽  
Emmanuel Scolan ◽  
Réal Ischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Surrounding Medium ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
The Body ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Easy Integration

Real-time, on-body measurement using minimally invasive biosensors opens up new perspectives for diagnosis and disease monitoring. Wearable sensors are placed in close contact with the body, performing analyses in accessible biological fluids (wound exudates, sweat). In this context, a network of biosensing optical fibers woven in textile enables the fabric to measure biological parameters in the surrounding medium. Optical fibers are attractive in view of their flexibility and easy integration for on-body monitoring. Biosensing fibers are obtained by modifying standard optical fibers with a sensitive layer specific to biomarkers. Detection is based on light absorption of the sensing fiber, placing a light source and a detector at both extremities of the fiber. Biosensing optical fibers have been developed for the in situ monitoring of wound healing, measuring pH and the activity of proteases in exudates. Other developments aim at the design of sensing patches based on functionalized, porous sol-gel layers, which can be deposited onto textiles and show optical changes in response to biomarkers. Biosensing textiles present interesting perspectives for innovative healthcare monitoring. Wearable sensors will provide access to new information from the body in real time, to support diagnosis and therapy.

Abstract 533: Lymph is a Vehicle for Extracellular Vesicles in Mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreea Milasan ◽  
Nicolas Tessandier ◽  
Sisareuth Tan ◽  
Alain Brisson ◽  
Eric Boilard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
The Body ◽  
Artery Wall ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Cellular Debris ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Almost All

Introduction: Although for a long time considered as simple cellular debris, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are now known to be involved in many pathophysiological processes such as thrombosis, autoimmune diseases and inflammation. Due to their diversity and presence in different tissues, EVs are considered important biomarkers and thus, their precise detection in various biological fluids is important to better understand all their different functional activities. The lymphatic system works in close collaboration with the cardiovascular system to preserve fluid balance throughout the body. Lymphatic vessels are present in almost all vascularized tissues, including the brain and the artery wall, and their role in these organ-related pathologies are under intense investigations. Hypothesis: Since lymphatic vessels are often perceived as "sewers", due to their role in removing interstitial fluid and waste products from peripheral tissues such as the artery wall, we herein want to qualitatively and quantitatively assess the presence of EVs in circulating lymph. Methods and Results: Using several approaches such as a Zetasizer Nano S, electron microscopy and flow cytometry analysis, we have detected and characterized EVs in lymph of healthy animals, and found that these EVs are inclusively derived from red blood cells, platelets and lymphatic endothelial cells. Analysis of lymph from atherosclerotic mice (Ldlr -/- ) confirmed the idea that EVs number and origin varies according to the pathological setting. Conclusion: Herein, we show for the first time that EVs are present in lymph and that their level and origin vary in atherosclerosis. Our work will be setting the stage to a better understanding of the mechanism underlying EV accumulation in peripheral tissues during inflammation, and to better control related diseases.

Homogeneous nucleation of gas bubbles in vivo

1982 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 940-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Weathersby ◽  
L. D. Homer ◽  
E. T. Flynn
Keyword(s):  
Homogeneous Nucleation ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Decompression Sickness ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Gas Bubbles ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nucleation Theory ◽  
Two Parameters

Several current theories of decompression sickness (DCS) presume the preexistence of gas bubble nuclei in tissue, because the de novo nucleation of gas bubbles in the body is thought to be theoretically impossible. Reexamination of nucleation theory reveals the overwhelming importance of two parameters: gas supersaturation and tissue surface tension (gamma). For the high gamma of pure water nucleation theoretically requires more than 1,000 ATA supersaturation. Lower values of gamma allow nucleation to occur with vastly smaller supersaturations. Application of homogeneous nucleation theory can provide reasonable fits to both rat and human pressure-reduction data with values of gamma within the range reported for biological fluids (below 5 dyn/cm). The initial bubble sizes predicted are 0.1 micron or less. The presence of heterogeneous sites, for example crevices and lipid surfaces, makes nucleation even more likely.

Three cases of inter-sterno-costo-clavicular ossification associated with tonsillar infection

1989 ◽  
Vol 103 (8) ◽  
pp. 783-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Furukawa ◽  
T. Miwa ◽  
M. Kamide ◽  
M. Sakumoto ◽  
R. Umeda
Keyword(s):  
Skin Lesion ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Chronic Tonsillitis ◽  
Multinucleated Giant Cells ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Palatine Tonsils ◽  
Onion Skin

AbstractThree cases of inter-sterno-costo-clavicular ossification (ISCCO) associated with chronic tonsillitis are reported. Two cases had additional symptoms of pustulosis palmaris et plantaris (PPP). All the patients underwent tonsillectomy. The histological changes of the palatine tonsils of case 1 and case 2 were characterized by so-called focal small lacunar ulcers and periarteriolar fibrosis (onion-skin lesion). Some multinucleated giant cells were observed in case 2. Following tonsillectomy, symptoms in the clavicular region and the PPP improved. It is possible to consider that ISCCO is caused by focal tonsillar infection.

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