scholarly journals Farm holdings in northern Nigeria and implication for food security: A remote sensing and GIS assessment

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 01-15
Author(s):  
ASO Soneye
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Sustainable Land Use ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
North West ◽  
The North

Land is a main life support resource to third world countries. In Nigeria, a major limitation to sustainable land use resources planning, development and management is the unreliable assessment of t available stock and the level of utilization . In particular, the commonly adopted traditional techniques for the evaluation are as questionable as the sources and quality of data adopted and the results being generated. Th is paper is on evaluation of the per capita farm - size holdings by pre dominantly peasant farmers in a pure agrarian environment of the country, using the interactive remote sensing technique and Geo -Informat ion System, a computer -based approach for acquisition, integration and processing of spatially-referenced data and their geographical attributes. The area evaluated covers, in parts, six Local Government Areas (LGAs) in the North West Geo -political Zone of the country. The typical Sudano -Sahellian region is within the flood plains of River Sokoto, River Rima and their tributaries which drain the adjoining upland areas into the main River Niger. Remotely -sensed SPOT data of the area were interpreted to assess the extent of the agricultural land cover and uses. Collateral data were from administrative sources, literature searches and field activities. They were integrated to determine the total area extent of the farmlands within both the upland areas which are cultivatable only in a short wet season of les s than three month per annum; and the prime floodplain areas which are cultivable all year round. The results were in turn related to the farming population in the region to determine the average lands being cultivated per farmer over the two sub -regions. The findings show that 65.9% of the agricultural lands are in upland regions , and the remaining 34.1% within the floodplain. Farm holdings per head are determined at about 0.61 ha ( about 7m by 7m) and less than 0.1 ha ( about 3m by 3m) in the two areas respectively. The paper discusses the implication for food security and sustainability in the region.

scholarly journals Watershed Health Changes based on Vegetated Land Cover in the Upper Citarum Watershed, West Java, Province, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 940 (1) ◽  
pp. 012045
Author(s):  
K Marko ◽  
D Sutjiningsih ◽  
E Kusratmoko
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Supervised Classification ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Landsat Imagery ◽  
West Java ◽  
Health Changes ◽  
The North ◽  
Health Level ◽  
Watershed Health

Abstract The increase in built-up land and the decrease in vegetated land due to human activities have worsened watershed health from time to time. This study aims to assess the watershed’s health and changes every ten years based on the percentage of vegetated land cover except agricultural land in the Upper Citarum watershed, West Java. Land cover information was obtained from the processing of Landsat imagery in 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020 based on remote sensing using the supervised classification method. The watershed health level is determined by calculating the percentage of vegetated land cover of 173 catchments. The results show that the area of the vegetated land cover decreased from 1990 to 2000, then increased from 2000 to 2010, and decreased again from 2010 to 2020. Changes in the area of vegetated land in each period of the year affect the health level of the watershed in a spatiotemporal manner. Although these changes occur in a fluctuating manner, the number of unhealthy catchments in the Upper Citarum watershed is increasing, especially in the Ci Kapundung sub-watershed in the north and Ci Sangkuy in the south.

Roof of the World: Tibet, Pamirs

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Searle
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Tien Shan ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
North West ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
The North ◽  
The World

The Tibetan Plateau is by far the largest region of high elevation, averaging just above 5,000 metres above sea level, and the thickest crust, between 70 and 90 kilometres thick, anywhere in the world. This huge plateau region is very flat—lying in the internally drained parts of the Chang Tang in north and central Tibet, but in parts of the externally drained eastern Tibet, three or four mountain ranges larger and higher than the Alps rise above the frozen plateau. Some of the world’s largest and longest mountain ranges border the plateau, the ‘flaming mountains’ of the Tien Shan along the north-west, the Kun Lun along the north, the Longmen Shan in the east, and of course the mighty Himalaya forming the southern border of the plateau. The great trans-Himalayan mountain ranges of the Pamir and Karakoram are geologically part of the Asian plate and western Tibet but, as we have noted before, unlike Tibet, these ranges have incredibly high relief with 7- and 8-kilometre-high mountains and deeply eroded rivers and glacial valleys. The western part of the Tibetan Plateau is the highest, driest, and wildest area of Tibet. Here there is almost no rainfall and rivers that carry run-off from the bordering mountain ranges simply evaporate into saltpans or disappear underground. Rivers draining the Kun Lun flow north into the Takla Makan Desert, forming seasonal marshlands in the wet season and a dusty desert when the rivers run dry. The discovery of fossil tropical leaves, palm tree trunks, and even bones from miniature Miocene horses suggest that the climate may have been wetter in the past, but this is also dependent on the rise of the plateau. Exactly when Tibet rose to its present elevation is a matter of great debate. Nowadays the Indian Ocean monsoon winds sweep moisture-laden air over the Indian sub-continent during the summer months (late June–September). All the moisture is dumped as the summer monsoon, the torrential rains that sweep across India from south-east to north-west.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Factors Influencing the Inclusion of Indigenous Plants for Food Security among Rural Households in the North West Province of South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9562
Author(s):  
Abiodun Olusola Omotayo ◽  
Adeyemi Oladapo Aremu
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Food System ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Indigenous Plants ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
North West Province

Underutilised indigenous plants can support and strengthen the existing food system, as they are considered as socio-economically and environmentally appropriate. These plants generally adapt to marginal conditions, which is essential for a resilient agriculture and sustainable food systems. The current study relied on food security and indigenous plants data collected from some selected rural households from the North West Province of South Africa. The utilised data were collected through a multi-stage sampling technique with the aid of a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire, while descriptive methods Foster–Greer–Thorbecke (FGT) and binary logistic regression were used for data analysis. The models produced a good fit for the data, and the computed F-value was statistically significant (p < 0.01). The study examined socio-economic and food security status based on the knowledge and the perception of indigenous plants by the households. The incidence of food insecurity (θ0) was 0.4060, indicating that 40.6% of the participants were food insecure while 59.4% were food secured. Binary logistic regression results indicate that factors such as age, gender, educational attainment, inclusion of indigenous plants in diet, food expenditure, and access in the study area impacted results. It was also evident that the participants had considerable knowledge of indigenous plants. However, these indigenous plants were not cultivated or included in the diet by the majority of the participants. The formulation of appropriate holistic policies that support the incorporation of the indigenous plants into the food system is recommended.

scholarly journals Poverty and household food security of black South African farm workers: the legacy of social inequalities

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 830-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Kruger ◽  
S Lemke ◽  
Mars Phometsi ◽  
H van't Riet ◽  
AE Pienaar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Farm Workers ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Household Food

AbstractObjectiveTo assess socio-economic indicators, nutritional status and living conditions of farm workers and their families, with the purpose to develop research and intervention programmes aimed at enhancing nutritional status and quality of life.Design and settingThree farm schools in two districts of the North-West Province and farming communities were selected. Anthropometrical measurements, structured face-to-face questionnaires and focus group discussions were carried out in 2002 and 2003 by a multidisciplinary research team.ResultsAccess to electricity, water and sanitation, as well as monthly food rations or subsidies, vary and depend on farm owners. The majority of adults have education below or up to grade four, farm schools provide only up to grade seven. Distance to farm schools and intra-household issues hamper children's attendance and performance at school. Household food security is compromised due to a lack of financial resources, infrastructure and also household resource allocation. This impacts negatively especially on children, with half of them being underweight, stunted or wasted. Employment is usually linked to men, while most women have access to casual jobs only. Insecurity of residence and the perceived disempowered position towards farm owners add to feelings of hopelessness and stress.Conclusions and recommendationsThis study highlights destitute living conditions of farm worker families. Apart from structural and financial constraints, paternalistic structures of the past might also hamper development. Based on these findings, follow-up research projects and in-depth investigations into underlying social issues with regard to nutrition insecurity and livelihoods of farm workers were initiated.

scholarly journals Assessment of the food security level in the regions of the European North of Russia based on benchmarking methodology

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-73
Author(s):  
O. G. Moronova ◽  
O. B. Kirik ◽  
N. A. Kremlyova
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Security Level ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
European North ◽  
Starting Conditions ◽  
Leading Position

This paper justifies the need to use benchmarking tools when assessing food security in the regions of the European North of Russia. The authors reveal the essence and advantages of this approach, define the criteria that characterize the agrarian potential of the regions. On the basis of the author’s methodology, the study develops an algorithm for the benchmarking procedure and tests it on the subjects of the North-West Federal District. Based on the indicators of the formation and use of the agrarian potential and the applied ranking methodology, the paper reveals the similarity of five regions of the European North of Russia, substantiates the leading position of the agricultural sector of the Vologda region. As a result of the study, the authors make a conclusion that the level of food security in the region depends on the starting conditions of the region, relies on state and regional needs, takes into account the regulatory framework. This circumstance makes it necessary to constantly assess the level of food security in order to make appropriate decisions about the necessary management impacts.

scholarly journals Identification and Management of Pests and Diseases of Garden Crops in Santa, Cameroon

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Konje C. N. ◽  
Abdulai A. N. ◽  
Achiri Denis Tange ◽  
Nsobinenyui D. ◽  
Tarla D. N. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Agrotis Ipsilon ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Black Cutworm ◽  
North West ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
The North ◽  
West Region

Aims: This work sought to identify the pests and diseases that hinder successful gardening and the pesticides used to manage these pests and their frequencies of application. Place and Duration of Study: This work was carried out in the Santa Area of the North West Region of Cameroon. It was conducted from June 2013 to February 2014. Methodology: The study was carried out on six farms in Santa, a Sub-division in Mezam Division of the North West Region of Cameroon. On each of these farms, an area of 20 x 20 m was mapped and the plants therein observed. Insect pests, diseases and the pesticides used for their mitigation were identified at each growth stage. Results: The main diseases identified were clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae) and late blight (Phythophthora infestans) while Aphids (Myzus persicae S.), whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci) fruit worms (Helicoverpa amigera), Cutworms, fruitfly (Dacus punctatifrons) and grasshoppers (Zonocerus variegatus) were the prominent insect pests. The most applied pesticides were Cypermethrine and Dimethoate against insects, and Mancozeb and Maneb against fungi. Conclusion: From this study the most prominent pest of cabbage was the black cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon), which affected the early growing stage. The main disease that affected tomato was blight, seen in both seasons but its severity was greater in the rainy season.  Insect pests were a major problem in the dry season causing high economic losses than in the wet season.

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