scholarly journals Impact of growing conditions on the gum properties of different genotypes of guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 941-948
Author(s):  
I. V. Kruchina-Bogdanov ◽  
E. V. Miroshnichenko ◽  
R. A. Shaukharov ◽  
E. N. Kantemirova ◽  
M. A. Golovina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Laboratory Method ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Gelling Agent ◽  
Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Growing Conditions

Galactomannan (gum), a water-soluble polysaccharide, is widely used as a gelling agent in liquids, including in the oil and gas industry for hydraulic fracturing. The most effective source of this valuable plant material is seeds of guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.), a legume crop new for Russia. Although in recent years progress has been made in the selection of guar varieties adapted to the conditions of the Russian Federation, the question of the most appropriate region for the cultivation of this crop remains open. The purpose of the study was to investigate how a region and technology of guar cultivation can affect the main indicators of the final target product: the content and viscosity of guar gum extracted from the seeds of various guar genotypes. To understand this, ecogeographical tests of 13 guar accessions from the VIR collection were conducted at the experimental stations of the Vavilov Institute (VIR), where climatic conditions correspond to the temperature requirements of the crop. To compare the properties of gum extracted from the seeds of various genotypes, a fast-tracked laboratory method was suggested allowing gum extracts to be obtained for assessing their viscosity. The method allows fast screening of the breeding material and selecting guar genotypes with beneficial properties of guar gum which are in demand by the oil industry. Applying the fast laboratory method for assessing the properties of gum in seeds of 13 guar varieties showed that the content and viscosity of gum of the same variety vary greatly depending on growing conditions. The same set of 13 guar accessions was grown in 2018 at the Volgograd, Astrakhan, Dagestan and Kuban VIR experimental stations. As a result, the maximum viscosity values were obtained for the seeds reproduced at the Astrakhan region, where the guar was grown on irrigated lands. On the other hand, the maximum gum content in the seeds of all accessions was recorded when they were grown in the Volgograd region. The results showed that the guar gum extracted from seeds of guar plants grown in the Russian Federation can be used as a gelling agent in the processes of intensification of oil production by the method of hydraulic fracturing. This experience is new to the Russian Federation.

Increasing the Productivity of Horizontal Wells Through Multistage Hydraulic Fracturing Using a Working Fluid Based on a New Biopolymer System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolay Mikhaylovich Migunov ◽  
Aleksey Dmitrievich Alekseev ◽  
Dinar Farvarovich Bukharov ◽  
Vadim Alexeevich Kuznetsov ◽  
Aleksandr Yuryevich Milkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Horizontal Wells ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Executive Order ◽  
Bazhenov Formation ◽  
Multistage Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
The Russian Federation

Abstract According to the US Energy Agency (EIA), Russia is the world leader in terms of the volume of technically recoverable "tight oil" resources (U.S. Department of Energy, 2013). To convert them into commercial production, it is necessary to create cost-effective development technologies. For this purpose, a strategy has been adopted, which is implemented at the state level and one of the key elements of which is the development of the high-tech service market. In 2017, the Minister of Energy of the Russian Federation, in accordance with a government executive order (Government Executive Order of the Russian Federation, 2014), awarded the Gazprom Neft project on the creation of a complex of domestic technologies and high-tech equipment for developing the Bazhenov formation with the national status. It is implemented in several directions and covers a wide range of technologies required for the horizontal wells drilling and stimulating flows from them using multi-stage hydraulic fracturing (MS HF) methods. Within the framework of the technological experiment implemented at the Palyanovskaya area at the Krasnoleninskoye field by the Industrial Integration Center "Gazpromneft - Technological Partnerships" (a subsidiary of Gazprom Neft), from 2015 to 2020, 29 high-tech wells with different lengths of horizontal wellbore were constructed, and multistage hydraulic fracturing operations were performed with various designs. Upon results of 2020, it became possible to increase annual oil production from the Bazhenov formation by 78 % in comparison with up to 100,000 tons in 2019. The advancing of development technologies allowed the enterprise to decrease for more than twice the cost of the Bazhenov oil production from 30 thousand rubles per ton (69$/bbl) at the start of the project in 2015 to 13 thousand rubles (24$/bbl) in 2020. A significant contribution to the increase in production in 2020 was made by horizontal wells, where MS HF operations were carried out using an experimental process fluid, which is based on the modified Si Bioxan biopolymer. This article is devoted to the background of this experiment and the analysis of its results.

scholarly journals Characteristics of industrial cultivation and requirements to fresh cut flowers in the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
pp. 126-129
Author(s):  
O. A. Shchuklina ◽  
I. N. Voronchikhina ◽  
A. D. Alenicheva ◽  
I. N. Klimenkova ◽  
V. V. Voronchikhin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Open Ground ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Fresh Cut ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Analytical Centers

Relevance. The specifics of the fresh cut flowers market in the Russian Federation is such, that 85-100% of the total volume of flowers sold is imported. The most popular flowers among Russian consumers are roses (up to 60% in the total share of fresh flowers), chrysanthemums and carnations, all of which require certain growing conditions. Recently, the market of local seasonal flowers has begun to develop, the main players in which are small farms or household plots. Material and methods. This article presents the data about market analysis of fresh cut flowers in Russia for the last five years (2015-2020). For this analysis were used the methods applied in economics. The main information database of this research includes data from official state statistics; open data from analytical centers; federal and regional regulations; data from the Federal agency for technical regulation and Metrology; reference materials of specialized data on research field; data from industry-specific portals; sites; articles and reviews written by producers of fresh cut flowers in Russia and worldwide. Results. Russia is one of the top six importers of fresh cut flowers in the world. The most popular flower among Russian consumers is a rose. There is not much suitable soil and climatic conditions in Russia for growing it on a commercial scale in the open ground. In 2018-2019 according to Rosstat data the number of flowers, grown for cutting in Russia, was estimated 263,3 billion pieces. However, now Russian flower producers are not able to meet domestic demand for fresh flowers, so there is no almost export.

scholarly journals Productivity of sorghum crops depending on agrotechnical methods of cultivation in the regions of the Russian Federation (review)

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-166
Author(s):  
O. P. Kibalnik ◽  
I. G. Efremova ◽  
Yu. V. Bochkareva ◽  
A. V. Prakhov ◽  
D. S. Semin
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Area Unit ◽  
Growing Conditions

The review considers the unique diversity and versatility of the use of sorghum crops. The dependence of the yield of biomass and grain of varieties and hybrids of sorghum crops on the applied elements of the crop cultivation technology is analyzed: width of row spacing, density of standing plants in different zones of sorghum sowing in the Russian Federation. A variety of soil and climatic conditions of sorghum cultivation regions differ in the temperature regime, the reserves of soil moisture before sowing, the level of soil fertility, which determines the need to select the optimal elements of technology that ensure the achievement of the highest yield of varieties per unit area with the lowest material and technological costs. The analysis of the ways of placing plants on the own area also indicates the significant role of varietal biological features in increasing the sorghum yield, the purpose of sowing, and the level of field contamination. With limited resources of productive moisture for high-yielding sorghum varieties with a powerful habitus, wide-row sowing with row spacing of 70 cm and the density of standing plants 80-350 thousand per 1 ha, depending on the variety. Low-growing early-maturing thin-stemmed forms of grain sorghum should be sown in the usual ordinary row way with a row spacing of 15 or 30 cm with plant density of 500-600 thousand/ha. Sudan grass varieties that can withstand high density of standing plants (depending on agroclimatic conditions – up to 1.0-3.0 million per 1 ha) are cultivated using the technology of spiked cereals. As the result of the literature data analysis, the following trend has been revealed: the drier the growing conditions, the greater the requirements for choosing the optimal parameters of agrotechnical methods of cultivating sorghum crops aimed at the reducing the number of plants per area unit considering the specific character of the region of sorghum sowing.

Chemically Modified Natural Gum for Use in Well Stimulation

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (01) ◽  
pp. 5-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.J. Githens ◽  
J.W. Burnham
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Apparent Viscosity ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Gelling Agent ◽  
Polymer Emulsion ◽  
Gelling Agents ◽  
Chemically Modified ◽  
Well Stimulation ◽  
Fracturing Fluids ◽  
New Material

Abstract A new polymer gelling agent has been developed to help satisfy the growing demand for "clean" hydraulic fracturing fluids. This polymer is a guar derivative that exhibits the desirable characteristics of conventional guar and that leaves low residue upon breaking. The derivatized guar was evaluated for its ability to function as a fracturing-fluid gelling agent in comparison with both a conventional guar and a nonionic cellulose derivative. The guar derivative possesses a number of advantages over both the conventional guar and the cellulose derivative. Laboratory experimental data and field results are presented. Introduction Hydraulic fracturing has been used successfully for oil- and gas-well stimulation for about 27 years. During this time the size of the treatments has grown from the original "tank of oil and sack of sand" to the current massive hydraulic fracturing treatments, entailing several hundred thousand gallons of fluid and large amounts of sand. These massive treatments have become routine in some areas of this country. Although many types of fluids have been used successfully, aqueous fluids have been preferred recently. Because of economic and safety considerations, aqueous fluids will likely continue to be preferred. Treatment designs usually require that the fluids possess a particular apparent viscosity. These stipulated viscosities are particular apparent viscosity. These stipulated viscosities are often many times higher than that of the base fluid in its natural state. The increased apparent viscosities are generally attained by the addition of hydrophilic polymeric "gelling agents." A variety of gelling agents for aqueous fluids is available. Each gelling agent possesses inherent chemical properties that often make it particularly applicable for a special function. These properties are a direct result of the chemical structure and stereochemistry of the repeating unit of the polymer, and the resulting conformation or macrostructure that the polymer assumes in the fluid. Polysaccharides, such as the guar polymer, possess many of the properties desired of a gelling agent. However, the relatively high percentage of insolubles (residue) present in commercial guar has been a matter of serious concern. Many believe that guar-gum residue can contribute to permanent formation and fracture conductivity damage. Because of the complexity of the situation, experimental evaluation of the over-all effect of this residue on the formation permeability and fracture flow capacity is difficult. However, there should be no question that the presence of the residue could result in damage to the formation and the proppant system, and that a reduction in the amount of residue proppant system, and that a reduction in the amount of residue present diminishes this possibility. present diminishes this possibility. A new low-residue, derivatized-guar (derivatized polysaccharide) gelling agent has been developed. This chemically polysaccharide) gelling agent has been developed. This chemically modified guar results in an 85-percent reduction in inherent residue over conventional guar gum, yet retains the desirable properties of the guar polymer. In addition, it provides an properties of the guar polymer. In addition, it provides an extension of guar chemistry and versatility into several new approaches for designing hydraulic fracturing fluids. This versatile polymer has application in most aqueous and polymer-emulsion hydraulic fracturing processes. polymer-emulsion hydraulic fracturing processes. In addition to possessing the obvious advantage of low residue, this new material can be dispersed controllably in aqueous fluids, thereby effectively reducing gel lumping tendencies. The result is a smooth, lump-free gel. It yields equivalent or slightly higher apparent viscosity values in fresh water and the usual brines compared with the old, conventional, guar-gum gelling agents. Alcohol tolerance of this new material is good, and it is readily complexed or crosslinked in water or alcohol-water mixtures with crosslinking agents. Fluids prepared with this new polymer may be manipulated to achieve temperature stability surpassing that of any gelled-water fracturing fluid containing the polysaccharides we have used in the past. SPEJ P. 5

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF MONETARY AND FISCAL FACTOR IN THE FORMATION OF INCOMES FROM THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY OF RUSSIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 184-189
Author(s):  
Anna Komarova
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Impact

This research assesses the impact of monetary (exchange rate) and fiscal factors (oil and gas taxes, MET on oil) on the dynamics of revenues of the oil and gas industry of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals Classification of oil and gas-bearing territories of Russia and the structure of the oil and gas industry of the regions

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 422-427
Author(s):  
Danil Petrovitch Egorov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
The State ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Gas Bearing

The article is devoted to the qualitative assessment of the state of the oil and gas industry in the Russian Federation based on the context of administrative-territorial units. It was realized that the data provided by different sources differs due to the variation in the calculation methods used, and the lack of detailed regional reports from foreign agencies shows the novelty of the research. In the current research the projection of administrative borders on the territory of oil and gas-geological zoning is used. To determine the degree of the dependence of regional economies from the oil and gas industry, current data about the state of the mineral resource base in the subjects of the Russian Federation were compared with the geography of the location of processing enterprises. On the basis of the obtained materials, the classification of oil and gas-bearing territories is carried out.

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