scholarly journals The management of patients with neurological diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-461
Author(s):  
M. P. Topuzova ◽  
T. M. Alekseeva ◽  
A. D. Chaykovskaya ◽  
I. K. Ternovyh ◽  
P. Sh. Isabekova
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Errors ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Benign Intracranial Hypertension ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Limited Mobility ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The article discusses the management of patients with various neurological diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic, taking into account the determination of the level of risk of infection. The possibility of increasing the risk of infection in patients with disability, especially with impaired function of the respiratory and bulbar muscles, limited mobility, and the presence of concomitant diseases, is indicated. The recommendations on the treatment of patients with stroke, neuromuscular diseases, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system, in particular, multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), as well as non-inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, atypical parkinsonism, dystonia, hereditary spastic paraplegia, infantile cerebral palsy, benign intracranial hypertension) are considered. Interactions of drugs for the treatment of COVID-19 and neurological diseases are given. Potential neurological complications of COVID-19 are overviewed. Potential neurological complications of COVID-19 were noted: anosmia, ageusia, viral meningitis, encephalitis, post-infectious stem encephalitis, acute necrotizing hemorrhagic leukoencephalopathy, Guillain-Barre syndrome, myositis. The importance of the fact that during the COVID-19 pandemic, when examining patients with neurological diseases, clinicians should take into account the possibility of a patient with COVID-19, and also consider it as a differential diagnosis in order to avoid diagnostic errors, prescribe timely treatment and prevent the spread of infection.

scholarly journals Progress in Research on SARS-CoV-2 Infection Causing Neurological Diseases and Its Infection Mechanism

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lintao Wang ◽  
Zhiguang Ren ◽  
Li Ma ◽  
Yanjie Han ◽  
Wenqiang Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Great Harm

COVID-19 has spread rapidly worldwide since its outbreak and has now become a major public health problem. More and more evidence indicates that SARS-CoV-2 may not only affect the respiratory system but also cause great harm to the central nervous system. Therefore, it is extremely important to explore in-depth the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the nervous system. In this paper, the possible mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 invading the central nervous system during COVID-19, and the neurological complications caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection were reviewed.

scholarly journals Central Nervous System Manifestations in Rheumatic Diseases

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inimioara Cojocaru ◽  
Manole Cojocaru ◽  
Isabela Silosi ◽  
Camelia Vrabie
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Neurological Involvement ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Rheumatic Conditions

Central Nervous System Manifestations in Rheumatic DiseasesPatients with multi-system rheumatic conditions may have a disease affecting the central nervous system (CNS). Central nervous system manifestations vary according to the location of the lesion and range from focal findings (e.g., stroke-like presentations), although serious neurological complications in rheumatic disease appear to be rare. The most prominent features of neurological involvement in rheumatic diseases include cerebral ischaemia and psychiatric symptoms. Little information is available on the prevalence of neurological disease in patients with a rheumatological diagnosis. Involvement of the CNS may be a striking early or presenting feature with a wide variety of manifestations. There is more clarity about the CNS syndromes attributable to systemic lupus erythematosus and new insights into the central mechanisms involved in the manifestations of Sjögren's syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis. Severe CNS involvement is associated with poor prognosis, and high mortality rate. We review the spectrum of neurological diseases in patients with a rheumatological diagnosis.

Recurrent Demyelinating Episodes as Sole Manifestation of Inherited CD59 Deficiency

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (03) ◽  
pp. 206-210
Author(s):  
Ismail Solmaz ◽  
Elif Soyak Aytekin ◽  
Deniz Çağdaş ◽  
Cagman Tan ◽  
Ilhan Tezcan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Homozygous Mutation ◽  
Recurrent Strokes ◽  
Chronic Hemolysis ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Autosomal Recessive Condition

AbstractDefects in the regulatory components of the complement system can lead to inflammatory diseases. We present a patient who had four episodes of demyelination in the central nervous system as the only manifestation of inherited CD59 deficiency. Relapsing encephalopathy partially responsive to intravenous immunoglobulin and steroid treatments on the background of parental consanguinity suggested an inherited immune dysregulation. Next generation sequencing revealed homozygous mutation in the CD59 gene, confirmed by lack of CD59 expression on flow cytometry. Inherited CD59 deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive condition characterized by chronic hemolysis, recurrent strokes, and relapsing peripheral demyelinating neuropathy mimicking Guillain–Barré syndrome or chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. Recurrent central nervous system demyelinating episodes as the only manifestation has not been reported to date in inherited CD59 deficiency. This entity should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with early-onset recurrent neurological diseases with central or peripheral origin.

scholarly journals Biomarkers in Rare Demyelinating Disease of the Central Nervous System

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 8409
Author(s):  
Marina Boziki ◽  
Styliani-Aggeliki Sintila ◽  
Panagiotis Ioannidis ◽  
Nikolaos Grigoriadis
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Demyelinating Diseases ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Biomarker Research

Rare neurological diseases are a heterogeneous group corresponding approximately to 50% of all rare diseases. Neurologists are among the main specialists involved in their diagnostic investigation. At the moment, a consensus guideline on which neurologists may base clinical suspicion is not available. Moreover, neurologists need guidance with respect to screening investigations that may be performed. In this respect, biomarker research has emerged as a particularly active field due to its potential applications in clinical practice. With respect to autoimmune demyelinating diseases of the Central Nervous System (CNS), although these diseases occur in the frame of organ-specific autoimmunity, pathology of the disease itself is orchestrated among several anatomical and functional compartments. The differential diagnosis is broad and includes, but is not limited to, rare neurological diseases. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) needs to be differentially diagnosed from rare MS variants, Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM), the range of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders (NMOSDs), Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG) antibody disease and other systemic inflammatory diseases. Diagnostic biomarkers may facilitate timely diagnosis and proper disease management, preventing disease exacerbation due to misdiagnosis and false treatment. In this review, we will describe advances in biomarker research with respect to rare neuroinflammatory disease of the CNS.

scholarly journals Neurological complications and infection mechanism of SARS-COV-2

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dandan Wan ◽  
Tingfu Du ◽  
Weiqi Hong ◽  
Li Chen ◽  
Haiying Que ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

AbstractCurrently, SARS-CoV-2 has caused a global pandemic and threatened many lives. Although SARS-CoV-2 mainly causes respiratory diseases, growing data indicate that SARS-CoV-2 can also invade the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) causing multiple neurological diseases, such as encephalitis, encephalopathy, Guillain-Barré syndrome, meningitis, and skeletal muscular symptoms. Despite the increasing incidences of clinical neurological complications of SARS-CoV-2, the precise neuroinvasion mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 have not been fully established. In this review, we primarily describe the clinical neurological complications associated with SARS-CoV-2 and discuss the potential mechanisms through which SARS-CoV-2 invades the brain based on the current evidence. Finally, we summarize the experimental models were used to study SARS-CoV-2 neuroinvasion. These data form the basis for studies on the significance of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the brain.

Mills' syndrome. A clinical case of a rare degenerative pathology of the central nervous system

2020 ◽  
pp. 57-60
Author(s):  
Konstantin Gulyabin
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Cortical Atrophy ◽  
Primary Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
System A ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Primary Lateral ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Mills Syndrome

Mills' syndrome is a rare neurological disorder. Its nosological nature is currently not completely determined. Nevertheless, Mills' syndrome is considered to be a rare variant of the degenerative pathology of the central nervous system – a variant of focal cortical atrophy. The true prevalence of this pathology is unknown, since this condition is more often of a syndrome type, observed in the clinical picture of a number of neurological diseases (primary lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia, etc.) and is less common in isolated form.

scholarly journals Vesicular dysfunction and pathways to neurodegeneration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick A. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cellular Events ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Cellular Control

Abstract Cellular control of vesicle biology and trafficking is critical for cell viability, with disruption of these pathways within the cells of the central nervous system resulting in neurodegeneration and disease. The past two decades have provided important insights into both the genetic and biological links between vesicle trafficking and neurodegeneration. In this essay, the pathways that have emerged as being critical for neuronal survival in the human brain will be discussed – illustrating the diversity of proteins and cellular events with three molecular case studies drawn from different neurological diseases.

scholarly journals Anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibodies involve reversible cranial dura matter

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Kataoka ◽  
Daisuke Shimada ◽  
Hitoki Nanaura ◽  
Kazuma Sugie
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Neuromuscular Disorders ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Programmed Cell Death 1 ◽  
The Central Nervous System

ABSTRACT This case is the first document to describe a patient receiving anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) antibodies which showed cranial dura matter involvement. According to the increasing use of anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibodies, adverse effects can occur in several organs since its ligand PD-L1 and PD-L2 are expressed in a wide variety of tissues. The estimated rate of neurological complications is 1–4.2% of patients, and neuromuscular disorders are the most common. Adverse effects on the central nervous system including encephalitis are less frequent. Here, a patient receiving anti-PD-1 antibodies showed cranial dura matter involvement, and the dura enhancement on MRI was resolved by withdrawal of the treatment with anti-PD-1 antibodies only.

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