scholarly journals APPROACHES TO THE SELECTION OF ANTIFUNGAL THERAPY IN AN HIV-INFECTED PATIENT WITH FLUCONAZOLE-RESISTANT CANDIDIASIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 138-141
Author(s):  
Y. S. Filina ◽  
E. V. Volchkova ◽  
Y. V. Nesvizhskiy ◽  
O. F. Belaya
Keyword(s):  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Antifungal Therapy ◽  
Infected Patient ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Fluconazole Resistant ◽  
Selection Of

Increasing resistance Candida spp. In HIV-infected patients, often receiving long-term antifungal preparations, both for preventive and therapeutic purposes. It is necessary to develop effective treatment regimens based on the study of the resistance of Candida spp. to antifungal drugs, at species and genetic levels.

scholarly journals APPROACHES TO THE SELECTION OF ANTIFUNGAL THERAPY IN AN HIV-INFECTED PATIENT WITH FLUCONAZOLE-RESISTANT CANDIDIASIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 138-141
Author(s):  
Y. S. Filina ◽  
E. V. Volchkova ◽  
Y. V. Nesvizhskiy ◽  
O. F. Belaya
Keyword(s):  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Antifungal Therapy ◽  
Infected Patient ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Fluconazole Resistant ◽  
Selection Of

Increasing resistance Candida spp. In HIV-infected patients, often receiving long-term antifungal preparations, both for preventive and therapeutic purposes. It is necessary to develop effective treatment regimens based on the study of the resistance of Candida spp. to antifungal drugs, at species and genetic levels.

Synergistic anticandidal activity of etomidate and azoles against clinical fluconazole-resistant Candida isolates

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 1477-1488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lívia G do AV Sá ◽  
Cecília R da Silva ◽  
Rosana de S Campos ◽  
João B de A Neto ◽  
Letícia S Sampaio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Planktonic Cells ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Flow Cytometric ◽  
Fluconazole Resistant ◽  
Anticandidal Activity ◽  
Checkerboard Assay ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Radical Generation

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of etomidate alone and in combination with azoles on resistant strains of Candida spp. in both planktonic cells and biofilms. Materials & methods: The antifungal activity of etomidate was assessed by the broth microdilution test; flow cytometric procedures to measure fungal viability, mitochondrial transmembrane potential, free radical generation and cell death; as well detection of DNA damage using the comet assay. The interaction between etomidate and antifungal drugs (itraconazole and fluconazole) was evaluated by the checkerboard assay. Results: Etomidate showed antifungal activity against resistant strains of Candida spp. in planktonic cells and biofilms. Etomidate also presented synergism with fluconazole and itraconazole in planktonic cells and biofilms. Conclusion: Etomidate showed antifungal activity against Candida spp., indicating that it is a possible therapeutic alternative.

scholarly journals Skull Base Osteomyelitis and Long Term Outcome

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-137
Author(s):  
Seniha Basaran ◽  
Oguz Evlice ◽  
Aysun Benli ◽  
Serap Simsek-Yavuz ◽  
Atahan Çağatay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skull Base ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Skull Base Osteomyelitis ◽  
End Of Treatment

Objective: Skull base osteomyelitis (SBO) is a rare, life-threatening infection and frequently followed and treated by otolaryngologists previously. In this study, we analyzed the diagnosis, treatment and long-term outcomes of SBO from the perspective of infectious diseases and clinical microbiology (IDCM). Methods: Hospitalized patients with SBO between 2012-2019 were evaluated retrospectively. Epidemiological, clinical, laboratory data of the patients were recorded. The patients who recovered with and without sequelae were compared. Results: The mean age of 16 SBO cases was 66 years, 75% of them were male and 87.5% had diabetes mellitus (DM). Cranial nerve and vascular/dural involvement were present in 75% and 56.3% of them, respectively. The most common isolated microorganism were P. aeruginosa, staphylococci and Candida spp. 81.2%, 43.7%, and 56% of the patients received anti-pseudomonal antibiotics, additional glycopeptide and additional antifungal drugs, respectively. The sequelae rate was 46.7% in a 24-month follow-up. Hypertension (p=0.041), duration of complaints (p=0.003), bilateral involvement of skull base (p=0.001), vascular thrombosis/inflammation or dural involvement (p=0.007), previous surgical intervention (p=0.041) and elevated ESR at the end of treatment (p=0.014) were defined as risk factors for permanent sequelae. There was no in-hospital mortality.  Conclusions: SBO mainly affects older male patients with DM and causes significant sequelae in half of them. In the cases unresponsive to anti-pseudomonal agents, the addition of antifungal therapy empirically may provide a clinical response. Permanent sequelae are more common in cases with delayed diagnosis/treatment, bilateral, vascular or dural involvement, and elevated ESR at the end of treatment.  ESR can be used to determine the treatment response and duration. The follow-up and treatment of SBO cases by IDCM with the support of experienced surgeons may contribute to the positive clinical results.

Current knowledge on the etiology and epidemiology of Scopulariopsis infections

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alba Pérez-Cantero ◽  
Josep Guarro
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Therapy ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Successful Outcome ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Intrinsic Resistance ◽  
Scopulariopsis Brevicaulis

AbstractScopulariopsis is a common fungus in the environment, characterized by its intrinsic resistance to the available antifungal drugs. Around 70 cases of infection by this fungus have been described in the literature. Pulmonary and disseminated infections are the most common and their treatment is difficult; therefore, very diverse approaches have been taken, with varied results. A successful outcome has been reported in only a few cases, generally attributed to a multitreatment strategy combining medical and surgical procedures that ultimately led to the resection of the infected tissue if possible, identification of the mould, and an aggressive long-term antifungal therapy. Although most of the infections are caused by Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, a few other species have also been linked to these cases, although molecular evidence has not been proven for all of them. On this basis, more knowledge on the epidemiology, presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of these unusual infections would improve their management. This review aims to compile the current data on Scopulariopsis infections.

scholarly journals In Vitro Activities of Caspofungin Compared with Those of Fluconazole and Itraconazole against 3,959 Clinical Isolates of Candida spp., Including 157 Fluconazole-Resistant Isolates

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 1068-1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Pfaller ◽  
D. J. Diekema ◽  
S. A. Messer ◽  
R. J. Hollis ◽  
R. N. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Spectrum Activity ◽  
Fluconazole Resistant ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Resistance ◽  
Broad Spectrum Activity

ABSTRACT Caspofungin is an echinocandin antifungal agent with broad-spectrum activity against Candida and Aspergillus spp. The in vitro activities of caspofungin against 3,959 isolates of Candida spp. obtained from over 95 different medical centers worldwide were compared with those of fluconazole and itraconazole. The MICs of the antifungal drugs were determined by broth microdilution tests performed according to the NCCLS method using RPMI 1640 as the test medium. Caspofungin was very active against Candida spp. (MIC at which 90% of the isolates were inhibited [MIC90], 1 μg/ml; 96% of MICs were ≤2 μg/ml). Candida albicans, C. dubliniensis, C. tropicalis, and C. glabrata were the most susceptible species of Candida (MIC90, 0.25 to 0.5 μg/ml), and C. guilliermondii was the least susceptible (MIC90, >8 μg/ml). Caspofungin was very active against Candida spp., exhibiting high-level resistance to fluconazole and itraconazole (99% of MICs were ≤1 μg/ml). These results provide further evidence for the spectrum and potency of caspofungin activity against a large and geographically diverse collection of clinically important isolates of Candida spp.

Women's Participation in Politics: Ukrainian Case

2014 ◽  
Vol 2013 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-66
Author(s):  
Skovikov Alexey
Keyword(s):  
Political Culture ◽  
Separation Of Powers ◽  
Party Competition ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Ruling Class ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Democratic Transformation ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThe international practices takes into account the question of women's participation in the political life of modern Ukraine. The selection of the state was due to the dynamic process of democratic transformation - the separation of powers, the formation of multi-party competition among political actors in the electoral process, the activity women in the various institutions of civil society. The position was claimed on the basis of empirical data range of academic institutions and reputable sociological centers, and also interviews with experts who said that the creation of real conditions for self-realization by women's interest in politics is only possible for long term. The process is controversial and caused by political culture, traditions and interests of the ruling class represented mainly by men.

Evidence for a single mechanism gating perceptual and long-term memory information into working memory

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Verschooren ◽  
Yoav Kessler ◽  
Tobias Egner
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Source Selection ◽  
Single Mechanism ◽  
Gating Mechanism ◽  
Opening And Closing ◽  
Selection Of

An influential view of working memory (WM) holds that its’ contents are controlled by a selective gating mechanism that allows for relevant perceptual information to enter WM when opened, but shields WM contents from interference when closed. In support of this idea, prior studies using the reference-back paradigm have established behavioral costs for opening and closing the gate between perception and WM. WM also frequently requires input from long-term memory (LTM), but it is currently unknown whether a similar gate controls the selection of LTM representations into WM, and how WM gating of perceptual vs. LTM sources of information relate to each other. To address these key theoretical questions, we devised a novel version of the reference-back paradigm, where participants switched between gating perceptual and LTM information into WM. We observed clear evidence for gate opening and closing costs in both cases. Moreover, the pattern of costs associated with gating and source-switching indicated that perceptual and LTM information is gated into WM via a single gate, and rely on a shared source-selection mechanism. These findings extend current models of WM gating to encompass LTM information, and outline a new functional WM architecture.

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