In Vitro Propagation of Chrysanthemum: an Overview on its Utility in Mutagenesis and Genetic Transformation Techniques

The Asteraceae family is the largest and most diversified family of the Angiosperms, characterized by the presence of numerous clustered inflorescences, which have the appearance of a single compound flower. It is estimated that this family represents around 10% of all flowered species, with a great biodiversity, covering all environments on the planet, except Antarctica. Also, it includes economically important crops, such as lettuce, sunflower, and chrysanthemum; wild flowers; herbs, and several species that produce molecules with pharmacological properties. Nevertheless, the biotechnological improvement of this family is limited to a few species and their genetic transformation was achieved later than in other plant families. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is a model species in molecular biology and plant biotechnology that has easily adapted to tissue culture, with efficient shoot regeneration from different tissues, organs, cells, and protoplasts. Due to this plasticity, it was possible to obtain transgenic plants tolerant to biotic or abiotic stresses as well as for the production of commercially interesting molecules (molecular farming). These advances, together with the complete sequencing of lettuce genome allowed the rapid adoption of gene editing using the CRISPR system. On the other hand, sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is a species that for years was considered recalcitrant to in vitro culture. Although this difficulty was overcome and some publications were made on sunflower genetic transformation, until now there is no transgenic variety commercialized or authorized for cultivation. In this article, we review similarities (such as avoiding the utilization of the CaMV35S promoter in transformation vectors) and differences (such as transformation efficiency) in the state of the art of genetic transformation techniques performed in these two species.

Download Full-text

PENGARUH JENIS AUKSIN TERHADAP PEMBENTUKAN KALUS DAN DAYA REGENERASI TIGA VARIETAS PADI LOKAL

Berkala Ilmiah Pertanian ◽

10.19184/bip.v2i2.16175 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 77

Author(s):

Zaiyin Rizky Ageng Maulidia ◽

Wahyu Indra Duwi Fanata

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Experimental Design ◽

Plant Regeneration ◽

Genetic Transformation ◽

Callus Induction ◽

Plant Tissue ◽

Transformation Techniques ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Rice Genetic

ABSTRACT Indonesia is rich in rice genetic diversity in the form of javanica rice. Subspecies javanica have some superiority characters, among others a strong plant tissue, but in generally they have low productivity. Weaknesses of javanica rice can be repaired by biotechnology through genetic transformation techniques from callus of plant. Auxin types and genotypes are important factors for callus induction and plant regeneration. Therefore, this research held for know callus introduction and plant regeneration of three varieties of Javanica rice (Pendok, Genjah Arum, and Menthik Wangi Susu) combined with type of auxin (2,4-D and pychloram). The experimental design of RALs two factorials, there are three varieties of rice (Pendok, Genjah Arum, and Menthik Wangi Susu) and two types of auxin (2,4-D and Pychloram) and analyzed by DMRT α5%. The results of this study is Mentik Wangi Susu have highest regeneration than Pendok and Genjah Arum. The use of 2,4-D resulted in a higher callus induction and plant regeneration than pychloram in the three rice varieties used. While the best combination of treatments for callus induction and regeneration is Menthik Wangi Susu and 2,4-D. Keyword: auxin, javanica, callus induction, plant regeneration. ABSTRAK Indonesia kaya akan keragaman genetik padi berupa padi javanica. Padi sub spesies javanica memiliki beberapa keunggulan diantaranya jaringan tanaman yang kuat, namun pada umumnya mempunyai tingkat produktivitas gabah yang rendah. Kelemahan pada padi javanica dapat diperbaiki dengan bioteknologi melalui teknik transformasi genetik menggunakan jaringan kalus. Genotip dan jenis auksin merupakan faktor penting dalam induksi kalus dan regenerasi tanaman padi secara in vitro. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilaksanakan untuk mengetahui daya pembentukan kalus dan regenerasi pada tiga varietas padi javanica, yaitu Pendok, Genjah Arum, dan Menthik Wangi Susu yang dikombinasikan dengan perlakuan jenis auksin berupa penggunaan 2,4-D dan pikloram. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah RAL dua faktorial yaitu varietas tanaman padi dan jenis auksin dengan pengujian menggunakan DMRT α5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari ketiga varietas padi yang digunakan, varietas Mentik Wangi Susu menunjukan daya regenerasi yang tertinggi dibandingkan varietas Pendok dan Genjah Arum. Penggunaan 2,4-D menghasilkan tingkat pengkalusan dan regenerasi yang tinggi dibandingkan pikloram pada tiga varietas padi yang digunakan. Sedangkan kombinasi perlakuan yang terbaik untuk induksi kalus dan daya regenerasi adalah penggunaan varietas Menthik Wangi Susu dan auksin dalam bentuk 2,4-D. Kata Kunci: auksin, javanica, induksi kalus, regenerasi tanaman.

Download Full-text

In vitro propagation and preliminary results of Agrobacterium -mediated genetic transformation of Cordyline fruticosa

South African Journal of Botany ◽

10.1016/j.sajb.2015.01.017 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 98 ◽

pp. 45-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Y.H. Dewir ◽

M.E. El-Mahrouk ◽

A.N. El-Banna

Keyword(s):

Genetic Transformation ◽

In Vitro Propagation ◽

Preliminary Results ◽

Cordyline Fruticosa

Download Full-text

Protocols for In Vitro Propagation, Conservation, Synthetic Seed Production, Embryo Rescue, Microrhizome Production, Molecular Profiling, and Genetic Transformation in Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe.)

Methods in Molecular Biology - Protocols for In Vitro Cultures and Secondary Metabolite Analysis of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Second Edition ◽

10.1007/978-1-4939-3332-7_28 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 403-426 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

K. Nirmal Babu ◽

K. Samsudeen ◽

Minoo Divakaran ◽

Geetha S. Pillai ◽

V. Sumathi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Transformation ◽

Seed Production ◽

In Vitro Propagation ◽

Embryo Rescue ◽

Zingiber Officinale ◽

Molecular Profiling ◽

Synthetic Seed ◽

Zingiber Officinale Roscoe

Download Full-text

Progress in Tissue Culture and Genetic Transformation of Oil Palm: An Overview

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20215353 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (21) ◽

pp. 5353 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Rajesh Yarra ◽

Longfei Jin ◽

Zhihao Zhao ◽

Hongxing Cao

Keyword(s):

Tissue Culture ◽

Genetic Transformation ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Large Scale ◽

Elaeis Guineensis ◽

Microprojectile Bombardment ◽

Oil Consumption ◽

Transformation Techniques ◽

Significant Research

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis, Jacq.) is a prominent vegetable-oil-yielding crop. Cultivating high-yielding oil palm with improved traits is a pre-requisite to meet the increasing demands of palm oil consumption. However, tissue culture and biotechnological approaches can resolve these concerns. Over the past three decades, significant research has been carried out to develop tissue culture and genetic transformation protocols for oil palm. Somatic embryogenesis is an efficient platform for the micropropagation of oil palm on a large scale. In addition, various genetic transformation techniques, including microprojectile bombardment, Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated, Polyethylene glycol mediated mediated, and DNA microinjection, have been developed by optimizing various parameters for the efficient genetic transformation of oil palm. This review mainly emphasizes the methods established for in vitro propagation and genetic transformation of oil palm. Finally, we propose the application of the genome editing tool CRISPR/Cas9 to improve the various traits in this oil yielding crop.

Download Full-text

In vitro Propagation and Genetic Transformation System Using Immature Embryo in Elite Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Cultivars

Plant Breeding and Biotechnology ◽

10.9787/pbb.2014.2.1.088 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 88-96 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Md. Mahmudul Islam ◽

Zahida Yesmin Roly ◽

Youngsook Lee ◽

Md. Khalekuzzaman

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Genetic Transformation ◽

In Vitro Propagation ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Immature Embryo ◽

Transformation System ◽

Genetic Transformation System

Download Full-text

In vitro organogenesis optimization and plantlet regeneration in Citrus sinensis and C. limonia

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90162002000100004 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 59 (1) ◽

pp. 35-40 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Weliton Antonio Bastos de Almeida ◽

Francisco de Assis Alves Mourão Filho ◽

Beatriz Madalena Januzzi Mendes ◽

Adriana Pinheiro Martinelli Rodriguez

Keyword(s):

Genetic Transformation ◽

Citrus Sinensis ◽

Sweet Orange ◽

Adventitious Bud ◽

Transformation Techniques ◽

Rangpur Lime ◽

Bud Induction ◽

Bud Growth ◽

Exogenous Genes

Exogenous genes can be introduced in plants by genetic transformation techniques. However, an efficient tissue culture system with high rates of plant recovery is necessary for gene introduction. This work aimed to define organogenesis and plant regeneration protocols for sweet orange varieties Natal, Valencia and Hamlin (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) and Rangpur lime (Citrus limonia L. Osbeck) which can be used in plant transformation experiments. Seeds of which teguments were removed, were germinated in vitro and maintained in the dark for three weeks, followed by one week at 16-h photoperiod (40 µmol m-2 s-1) and 27 ± 2°C. Organogenesis induction was done by introducing epicotyl segments in MT medium with 25 g L-1 sucrose and different BAP concentrations. After adventitious bud growth, the shoots were transferred to MT medium with either NAA or IBA (1 mg L-1), or absence of auxin, for rooting. The best results were obtained with 1 mg L-1 BAP for bud induction and 1 mg L-1 IBA for rooting for all three sweet orange cultivars. The use of 0.5-2.5 mg L-1 BAP, followed by 1 mg L-1 IBA were the best growth regulator combinations for bud induction and rooting, respectively, for 'Rangpur' lime. The protocols presented in this work are suitable for associations with genetic transformation experiments for these cultivars.

Download Full-text