Iran’s WTO accession and the auto industry

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-246
Author(s):  
Nahid Kalbasi Anaraki
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory System ◽  
Auto Industry ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Infant Industry ◽  
Wto Accession ◽  
Tariff Rates ◽  
Industry Policy ◽  
High Level ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Impact

Iran’s auto industry faces with severe challenges in the post globalization era since it has enjoyed a high degree of protectionism for more than decades now. Infant industry policy beside the international sanctions has paralyzed the industry, limiting the ability of Iranian products to compete in the international markets, creating adverse selection for consumers in the domestic market.WTO’s accession requires a sharp reduction in tariff rates whereas Iran’s auto industry has been subject to a high level of protection. To investigate the impact of WTO accession on the auto industry this paper tries casts light not only on the quantitative effects of reducing tariff rates on imports and domestic production through econometric models, but also highlights the inconsistencies of Iran’s regulatory system with GATT articles.

scholarly journals A Decade Later: The Impact of Empowerment on Women in Sitio Alitaptap, Province of Nueva Ecija, Philippines and Its Effect on Peace and Social Order

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Jacinto Yango Bustamante
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Positive Result ◽  
Program Implementation ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Local Officials ◽  
High Level ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Impact

This study examined the impact of empowerment on women after a decade of its rigid campaign in the province of Nueva Ecija, Philippines and its effect on peace and social order as perceived by the residents of sitio Alitaptap, Nueva Ecija. The researcher utilized a descriptive research design using a self-devised questionnaire to gather information. The findings revealed that the respondents have a high level of conformity to the actions of local government unit to empower women. As to the impact of empowerment on women, the respondents agreed to the positive result of the action taken by the local government unit. The study showed that empowering women brought peace and social order and the quality of program implementation in the place caused high degree of effectiveness in the performance of duty of local officials. However, there are some things that are not clear to the respondents as there are some questions where respondents stand neutral. The study revealed that not only will women gain knowledge of their rights on the action of the local government but will also teach men how to respect women. The only negative result of the study is the threat that women may use their rights to prejudice men that may result in social disorder.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Handling Unit on Logistics Costs: The Case of a Portuguese Food Retail Supply Chain

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 835-850
Author(s):  
Ana Luísa Ferreira Andrade Ramos ◽  
José António Vasconcelos Ferreira ◽  
Sara Rego da Costa
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Cost Model ◽  
Lead Times ◽  
Food Retail ◽  
Distribution Centre ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
High Level ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Impact

In the food retail industry, the agility and responsiveness of the supply chain are crucial because demand is volatile and short lead times are mandatory. The logistics performance is of critical importance to provide a high level of efficiency in operations and a high degree of customer satisfaction. The Handling Unit, or the minimum quantity to send to retail stores (the ship-pack), is a factor of considerable influence on logistics efficiency and costs. In this work, it was developed a simple analytical cost model for a Portuguese food retail two-tier distribution system (distribution centre and store) to support the evaluation of the conversion of the handling unit to half-pallet. The results of the model, considering a pilot study with three scenarios, suggest an economic gain of approximately 75% (comparatively to the current situation) in logistics costs. These quantitative results were decisive to guide decision-makers.

scholarly journals Analytical study of the impact of Customer knowledge management on improving the performance of Algerian economic institutions Case Study: Ooredoo Communications

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Abd Elmadjid Chabani ◽  
◽  
Bin Khalifa Ahmad ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Company Performance ◽  
Customer Knowledge ◽  
Management Philosophy ◽  
Customer Knowledge Management ◽  
Degree Of Stability ◽  
High Level ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Telecommunications Company

The study was designed to test the relationship between customer knowledge management and company performance, and then to demonstrate the impact of customer knowledge management philosophy on improving the performance of the company (Ooredoo). The study was conducted using two complementary methods: the first method was a documentary (descriptive) and the performance of the company. The second method was an analytical survey by means of an exploratory study through the questionnaire as a data collection tool. The truth coefficient was measured as a high degree of stability was achieved for a sample of 115 individuals. The data was analyzed using the statistical package (SPSS.V19) and counting tools Vision descriptive. One of the findings is that the National Telecommunications Company of Algeria (Ooredoo) has an average level of customer knowledge management and a high level of performance compared to its competitors. There is a statistically significant impact of customer knowledge management on the performance of the National Telecommunications Company Algeria (Ooredoo). This is based on the dimensions adopted in the study model.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF THE GROWTH OF R & D EXPENSES ON RENTABILITY OF INVESTED CAPITAL IN AUTO-INDUSTRY

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Đorđe Dabetić ◽  
Jana Cvijić Rodić ◽  
Ivana Vujanić
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Auto Industry ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Software Companies ◽  
Return On Capital ◽  
Initial Hypothesis ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

The uncertainty and risk posed by new, more and more comprehensive technological changes threaten the ability of innovative and intensive industries to realize the grow of return on invested capital. Automotive industry, information and software companies and pharmaceutical companies are at the forefront of the investments in R&D expensive. This reflects on the increased prudence of investors and their turn to safest industries which offer more prospective opportunities for higher profits. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to point out on the example of car companies the importance of understanding the need to maximize return on invested capital. The research carried out was based on the assumption that the race for new innovative investments slows down the profitability of the auto industry. In order to prove this hypothesis, the paper analyzes how the growth of R & D costs in the five largest car companies is maintained on the movement of the rate of return on capital, and on other business performances.The analysis included exclusively large car companies, that is, those that are the leader in the level of realized income, net profit, capital values and market prices. These companies are also leading the level of investment in research and development, which from the standpoint of the subject of this work contributed to the representativity of the research sample. The obtained results confirmed the initial hypothesis based on the assumption that a high level of R & D costs slows the profitability of the car company. This is verified by comparing the regression correlation values obtained between the observed research costs, as independent variables and the value of the realized income, gross margin, ebits margins, net margins and ROICs, as dependent variablesThe obtained results showed that the high level of ultraviation in new technologies has a positive effect on the growth of revenues, gross profit, ebits and net margins in the auto industry, but slowing the growth of profitability of this significant economic branch. An additional analysis related to determining the impact of R & D costs on the movement the rates of return on invested capital in selected pharmaceutical and information companies, which are also characteristic of large R & D investments. This comparison has confirmed that the cost of research and development investment is the most burdensome for the auto industry, as the information sector and the pharmaceutical industry, despite large investments, have relatively high returns on invested capital.

Cyberbullying: An Empirical Analysis of Factors Related to Anonymity and Reduced Social Cue

2013 ◽  
Vol 311 ◽  
pp. 533-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Pang Wu ◽  
Chung Chang Lien
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Middle School Students ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Social Cues ◽  
School Students ◽  
Social Cue ◽  
High Level ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Impact

This study exams the nature of adolescents’ experience of cyberbullying and determines independently the impact of anonymity and lack of social cues on cyberbullying behavior among middle school students. The preliminary analysis of a survey data collected from middle school students in Taiwan. The results of this study provide support for our hypotheses and explore the effects of anonymity and reduced social cue on cyberbullying behavior of middle school students. This implies that those with high level of anonymity and reduced social cue lead to create high degree of cyberbullying behavior.

scholarly journals Anti-crisis management measures to minimize the destabilizing import effect on the economic activity of Ukrainian agrarian units

2019 ◽  
pp. 4-15
Author(s):  
Nataliia Poberezhets ◽  
Lidiia Klymenko
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Foreign Market ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

Import agrarian products is a prerequisite for meeting the demand of national consumers, especially taking into account various tastes and significant comparative advantages in the production of goods at the domestic and foreign markets. Although historical and modern scientific and practical approaches to the importance of import supplies for certain countries and industries vary both negatively and positively. The purpose of the research. The main purpose of the study is to systematize import threats, to coordinate the anti-crisis measures and to form the strategic approaches, which minimize the negative impact of import on the national agrarian business. Methodology. In the scientific research methods of comparison, synthesis and synthesis were used, as well as historical and axiomatic methods. Results. In the paper were analyzed the current trends of purchasing the foreign agrarian products and the functioning of domestic agricultural formations on the basis of using the imported goods. It was determined that the key problems of the modern economy were high level of energy intensity of national production, low quality and technological characteristics of finished products, asymmetry of foreign economic relations, low level of competitiveness of many national nomenclature positions in the agrarian sector. Practical meaning. According to international experience it was founded that in Latin America import was oriented to the domestic market and in Asia – to the foreign market. Also it was recognized that Ukraine’s trading partners were more interested in exporting raw materials or products with high added value. Prospects for further research. According to the results of the conducted studies, determinants of the regulatory system of Ukraine in countering global imbalances were identified. A strategy for minimizing the impact of import threats on the activities of domestic agrarian units has been developed. It has suggested the regulation of the import substitution policy in the conditions of openness of the national economy and the liberalization of foreign trade relations; the market saturation with domestic and foreign food products with high quality, a wider range and an affordable price range in accordance with the requirements of the international economic environment.

scholarly journals Analytical study of the impact of Customer knowledge management on improving the performance of Algerian economic institutions Case Study: Ooredoo Communications

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Abd Elmadjid Chabani ◽  
◽  
Bin Khalifa Ahmad ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Company Performance ◽  
Customer Knowledge ◽  
Management Philosophy ◽  
Customer Knowledge Management ◽  
Degree Of Stability ◽  
High Level ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Telecommunications Company

The study was designed to test the relationship between customer knowledge management and company performance, and then to demonstrate the impact of customer knowledge management philosophy on improving the performance of the company (Ooredoo). The study was conducted using two complementary methods: the first method was a documentary (descriptive) and the performance of the company. The second method was an analytical survey by means of an exploratory study through the questionnaire as a data collection tool. The truth coefficient was measured as a high degree of stability was achieved for a sample of 115 individuals. The data was analyzed using the statistical package (SPSS.V19) and counting tools Vision descriptive. One of the findings is that the National Telecommunications Company of Algeria (Ooredoo) has an average level of customer knowledge management and a high level of performance compared to its competitors. There is a statistically significant impact of customer knowledge management on the performance of the National Telecommunications Company Algeria (Ooredoo). This is based on the dimensions adopted in the study model.

Studying Dynamic Change Probabilities and Their Role in Change Propagation

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Long ◽  
Scott Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Network Theory ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Change Propagation ◽  
Prior Literature ◽  
High Level ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fixed System ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Long-lived systems are likely to experience many independent modifications during their lifecycles. Prior literature provides tools for predicting how a change in a fixed system is likely to propagate, but these tools do not address change propagation across multiple, independent modifications. The phenomenon of a modification consuming excess, thereby increasing the likelihood of change propagation in future modifications, is studied in this work as dynamic change probabilities (DCP). This research builds on change propagation techniques, network theory, and excess to provide high-level guidance about how DCP may alter change propagation within a system over time. A sample of existing and synthetic systems are explored, as we show that the rate of change likelihood increase following a modification depends on the number of components (nodes), the dependencies between components (edges), and initial change propagation probability values (edge weights). Results also show that excess placement in specific components, and the presence of system hubs (high-degree components), can mitigate the impact of excess consumption when multiple system modifications are made over time.

Prospects for the use of the “model budget” in the distribution of equalization grants in Russia

2019 ◽  
pp. 21-38
Author(s):  
Alexander N. Deryugin ◽  
Ilya A. Sokolov
Keyword(s):  
Intergovernmental Relations ◽  
Unfunded Mandates ◽  
Interregional Inequality ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Regional Authorities ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Equalization Grants ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Budget Expenditure

The paper analyzes the impact of the “model budget” on the problems of intergovernmental relations in the Russian Federation: a high proportion of expenditure obligations of regional and local budgets and a high degree of interregional inequality in fiscal capacity and socio-economic development. It was concluded that the planned broader use of the “model budget” will not solve the problem of unfunded mandates and will lead first to a significant reduction in incentives for regional authorities to develop the territorial revenue base, and then to economic slowdown in the country. As an alternative approach to improving intergovernmental relations, options are being considered for adjusting the parameters of the equalization transfers distribution formula, the procedure for determining their total volume and calculating the budget expenditure index. In solving the problem of unfunded mandates, an equally important role is given to the procedure for preparing a financial and economic rationale for draft laws.

ПРАГМАТИЧНИЙ ПОТЕНЦІАЛ НАТИВНОЇ РЕКЛАМИ: ФОРМИ, ТРЕНДИ (НА ПРИКЛАДІ НАТИВНОГО КОНТЕНТУ В СОЦІАЛЬНІЙ МЕРЕЖІ FACEBOOK ЩОДО БРЕНДА ФАКУЛЬТЕТУ ЖУРНАЛІСТИКИ ЗНУ)

2020 ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
V. Kovpak ◽  
N. Trotsenko
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Student Centered ◽  
Teacher Student ◽  
The Social ◽  
National University ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

<div><p><em>The article analyzes the peculiarities of the format of native advertising in the media space, its pragmatic potential (in particular, on the example of native content in the social network Facebook by the brand of the journalism department of ZNU), highlights the types and trends of native advertising. The following research methods were used to achieve the purpose of intelligence: descriptive (content content, including various examples), comparative (content presentation options) and typological (types, trends of native advertising, in particular, cross-media as an opportunity to submit content in different formats (video, audio, photos, text, infographics, etc.)), content analysis method using Internet services (using Popsters service). And the native code for analytics was the page of the journalism department of Zaporizhzhya National University on the social network Facebook. After all, the brand of the journalism department of Zaporozhye National University in 2019 celebrates its 15th anniversary. The brand vector is its value component and professional training with balanced distribution of theoretical and practical blocks (seven practices), student-centered (democratic interaction and high-level teacher-student dialogue) and integration into Ukrainian and world educational process (participation in grant programs).</em></p></div><p><em>And advertising on social networks is also a kind of native content, which does not appear in special blocks, and is organically inscribed on one page or another and unobtrusively offers, just remembering the product as if «to the word». Popsters service functionality, which evaluates an account (or linked accounts of one person) for 35 parameters, but the main three areas: reach or influence, or how many users evaluate, comment on the recording; true reach – the number of people affected; network score – an assessment of the audience’s response to the impact, or how far the network information diverges (how many share information on this page).</em></p><p><strong><em>Key words:</em></strong><em> nativeness, native advertising, branded content, special project, communication strategy.</em></p>

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