scholarly journals Cognitive mechanisms of decision making in older women

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-143
Author(s):  
Jose R. Alameda ◽  
María P. Salguero ◽  
Ana Merchán
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Somatic Marker ◽  
Decision Making Processes

The Damasio's somatic marker hypothesis focuses on the possible influence of the emotional states on the decision making processes. An assessment tool derived form this theory is the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). The aim of this study was to detect decision-making alterations in relation to the cognitive impairment associated to age (GDS 2). The data analysis was conducted from two perspectives: quantitative, by computing the advantageous versus disadvantageous choices; and qualitative, according to the PVL model parameters. Two groups were analyzed: one consisting of elderly women with cognitive impairment, and another, with no impairment. Regarding the quantitative analysis, the results show significant differences between both groups, indicating that women with cognitive impairment have less advantageous choices than women without impairment; however, from a qualitative point of view, the results show no significant differences between groups in any of the four parameters of the PVL, indicating that execution of women with and without cognitive impairment are similar. In conclusion, it can be argued that the decision-making processes in women with and without cognitive impairment are quantitatively different but qualitatively similar.

scholarly journals Cognitive mechanisms of decision making in older women

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-143
Author(s):  
Jose R. Alameda ◽  
María P. Salguero ◽  
Ana Merchán
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Somatic Marker ◽  
Decision Making Processes

The Damasio's somatic marker hypothesis focuses on the possible influence of the emotional states on the decision making processes. An assessment tool derived form this theory is the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). The aim of this study was to detect decision-making alterations in relation to the cognitive impairment associated to age (GDS 2). The data analysis was conducted from two perspectives: quantitative, by computing the advantageous versus disadvantageous choices; and qualitative, according to the PVL model parameters. Two groups were analyzed: one consisting of elderly women with cognitive impairment, and another, with no impairment. Regarding the quantitative analysis, the results show significant differences between both groups, indicating that women with cognitive impairment have less advantageous choices than women without impairment; however, from a qualitative point of view, the results show no significant differences between groups in any of the four parameters of the PVL, indicating that execution of women with and without cognitive impairment are similar. In conclusion, it can be argued that the decision-making processes in women with and without cognitive impairment are quantitatively different but qualitatively similar.

Underlying decision making processes on Iowa Gambling Task

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh Kumar ◽  
Keshav Janakiprasad Kumar ◽  
Vivek Benegal
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Gambling Task ◽  
Decision Making Processes

scholarly journals “We-Diseases” and Dyadic Decision-Making Processes: A Critical Perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Serena Petrocchi ◽  
Chiara Marzorati ◽  
Marianna Masiero
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Critical Perspective ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Interdependence Theory ◽  
Analysis Strategy ◽  
Central Interest ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Dyadic Model

This is a critical perspective paper discussing the theoretical bases and methodological issues regarding dyadic decision-making processes in the oncological domain. Decision-making processes are of a central interest when one partner in a couple has cancer, and patients and partners make decisions together under an interactive and dynamic process. Given that, the attention in research is progressively shifting from patient and partner considered as individuals to a more holistic view of patient-partner considered as a dyad. The consideration of the dyadic nature of the decision-making represents a challenge from a theoretical and methodological point of view. The Interdependence Theory and the Dyadic Model of decision-making provide the theoretical bases to consider, respectively, the interdependence of the dyadic decision-making and the mechanisms affecting the couple-based decision-making. Dyadic processes require also an appropriate data analysis strategy that is discussed in the study as well. Conclusions of the present critical review suggest to develop a new line of research on dyadic decision-making in the oncological domain, testing the Dyadic Model presented in the study and considering the interdependence of the data with appropriate levels of analysis.

Emotion-Based Decision Making in schizophrenia: evidence from the Iowa Gambling Task

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcella Bellani ◽  
Luisa Tomelleri ◽  
Paolo Brambilla
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Neural System ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Social Conduct ◽  
Contextual Stimuli

The decision making can be defined as the mental process in which a “choice is made after reflecting on the consequences of that choice” (Bechara & Van Der Linden, 2005; Bechara et al., 1997). It is a complex process that involves cognitive as well as emotion-based functions. In fact human beings make fast adaptive decisions in daily life, and that is based on the skill to relate emotion to contextual stimuli in order to anticipate outcomes through activation of emotional states (Bechara et al., 2005). In this regard, the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) has been widely recognized to play a key role in the emotional decision making process. The VMPFC includes the medial part of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), the more ventral sectors of the medial prefrontal cortex and the anterior cingulate cortex (Bechara et al., 1997). In particular the OFC, within the VMPFC, is part of a neural system underpinning decision-making and reward-related behaviours which are thought to be linked to social conduct (Rolls, 2000).

The Somatic Marker Hypothesis and Political Life

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Verweij ◽  
Antonio Damasio
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Somatic Marker ◽  
Affect And Cognition ◽  
Somatic Marker Hypothesis ◽  
Past Experiences ◽  
Marker Hypothesis

The somatic marker hypothesis has not always been fully understood, or properly applied, in political science. The hypothesis was developed to explain the personally and socially harmful decision-making of neurological patients who appeared to have largely intact cognitive skills. It posits that affect (consisting of emotions, feelings, and drives) facilitates and expands cognition, is grounded in states of bodily physiology and on the processing of those states in the entire nervous system, and is shaped by a person’s past experiences in similar situations. Thus far, it has received empirical support from lesion studies, experiments based on the Iowa Gambling Task, and brain imaging studies. The somatic marker hypothesis is not compatible with key assumptions on which various influential political and social approaches are based. It disagrees with the largely cognitive view of decision-making presented in rational choice analysis. Contrary to behavioral public policy, the somatic marker hypothesis emphasizes the extent to which affect and cognition are integrated and mutually enabling. Finally, it differs from poststructuralist frameworks by highlighting the constraints that evolutionarily older bodily and neuronal networks impose on decision-making. Rather, the somatic marker hypothesis implies that political decision-making is socially constructed yet subject to constraints, is often sluggish but also is prone to wholesale, occasional reversals, takes place at both conscious and unconscious levels, and subserves dynamic, sociocultural homeostasis.

scholarly journals Practising open innovation: a framework of reference

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1311-1336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cinzia Battistella ◽  
Alberto Felice De Toni ◽  
Elena Pessot
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Open Innovation ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Exploratory Survey ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Opening Up

Purpose This work provides new insights into possible managerial choices and development directions for practising open innovation (OI) in companies. The purpose of this paper is to explore the different practices, actors and tools adopted for opening up the innovation process, in particular, by small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) that are still facing difficulties in its implementation. Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on a literature review and an exploratory survey of a sample of 85 European SMEs. Findings The study identifies a total of 23 practices, 20 actors and 11 tools involved in the OI processes of companies. It highlights, through literature and empirical evidence, how different combinations of practices, actors and tools are put into practice. Research limitations/implications The developed framework offers new insights both from OI literature and from practitioners’ point of view into the supporting decision-making processes regarding which practices to implement, tools to adopt and actors to collaborate with. A wider investigation is recommended to include more variables to define the differences among the combinations of practices, actors and tools in terms of types of innovation (e.g. product, process, etc.), the openness degree and other contextual factors. Originality/value The originality of this paper is based on the fact that it focusses on a practical perspective of OI implementation, building a framework of reference from previous literature and empirical investigation.

E-Governement Emerging Trends

2007 ◽  
pp. 167-184
Author(s):  
Inas E. Ezz
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Technology Adoption ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Organizational Challenges ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Strategic Processes ◽  
Tam Model ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Egyptian Government

This chapter demonstrates the importance and challenges considering technology adoption in general and e-government adoption in particular in the context of a key strategic process for the Egyptian Government. Thus our empirical findings are based on the foreign financing decision making process of Egypt extending previous work on e-business technologies and e-government adoption in general and G2G in particular. Although that new trends in Government support appear such as u–government, g-government and Me-government, none of the leading countries has reached the full integration. Among some of the possible reasons is that technology adoption relies to a great extent, not only to the factors being presented in TAM model, but also solving one of the most important challenges from our point of view, namely organizational problems, which will be highlighted through our case studies. This includes identifying and documenting the decision making processes crossing different ministries, which is a challenging task by itself. Although adopting technologies needs infrastructure such as the process being IT ready, inter and intra-organizational integration technologies in the form of G2G or some of the new trends such as g-government, can help in resolving some of those organizational challenges existing at those strategic processes.

scholarly journals Impact of Industry 4.0 on decision-making in an operational context

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 500-514
Author(s):  
F. Rosin ◽  
P. Forget ◽  
S. Lamouri ◽  
R. Pellerin
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Process Improvements ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Operational Systems ◽  
Decision Making Processes

The implementation of Industry 4.0 technologies suggests significant impacts on production systems productivity and decision-making process improvements. However, many manufacturers have difficulty determining to what extent these various technologies can reinforce the autonomy of teams and operational systems. This article addresses this issue by proposing a model describing different types of autonomy and the contribution of 4.0 technologies in the various steps of the decision-making processes. The model was confronted with a set of application cases from the literature. It emerges that new technologies' improvements are significant from a decision-making point of view and may eventually favor implementing new modes of autonomy. Decision-makers can rely on the proposed model to better understand the opportunities linked to the fusion of cybernetic, physical, and social spaces made possible by Industry 4.0.

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