scholarly journals Effect of Ringer's solution submitted to magnetic field in renal ischemia-reperfusion model in rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-43
Author(s):  
Jeovana Pinheiro Fernandes de Souza ◽  
Juliana Mendonça Freire ◽  
Italo Medeiros Azevedo ◽  
Fabio Medeiros de Azevedo ◽  
Artur Da Silva Carriço ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Left Kidney ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Renal Ischemia ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Whitney Test ◽  
Ringer’S Solution ◽  
Mann Whitney Test ◽  
Significant Difference

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of hydration with simple Ringer's solution submitted to magnetic field in rats under renal ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) model, using biochemical and histopathological evaluation. Methods: Wistar rats were allocated into 2 equal groups of 6 animals each: Renal ischemia/reperfusion group + hydration with magnetic Ringer (mag Ringer).  The left kidney underwent ischemia for 30 minutes. The right kidney was not manipulated. Thereafter, i.v. hydration was performed with 3 ml mag Ringer; Group renal I/R + hidration with simple Ringer. The simple Ringer solution was submitted to a magnetic field of 20mT intensity for 2 hours immediately prior to the surgical procedure. After 24 hours, under anesthesia blood was collected for dosing serum urea and creatinine. Histopathological analysis was performed on the left kidney (HE staining). Results: There was no significant difference between the creatinine (p=0.764) and urea (p = 0.926) values ​​between the control and test groups (non-parametric Mann-Whitney test). Comparing the histopathological scores, there was a significant difference between the groups, with higher levels of lesions in the mag Ringer treated group (p=0.025) - Mann-Whitney test. Conclusion: The use of Ringer's solution submitted to magnetic field for intravenous hydration in a renal ischemia/reperfusion model did not alter the renal function and had a negative influence on the histopathological findings on the kidney, when compared to control.

scholarly journals Effect of hydration with Ringer's solution submitted to magnetic field in an experimental model of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-53
Author(s):  
Juliana Mendonça Freire ◽  
Jeovana Pinheiro Fernandes de Souza ◽  
Italo Medeiros Azevedo ◽  
Fabio Medeiros de Azevedo ◽  
Artur Da Silva Carriço ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hepatic Ischemia ◽  
Left Liver ◽  
Ringer’S Solution ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hepatic Ischemia Reperfusion

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of hydration with Ringer's solution submitted to magnetic field in experimental model of hepatic ischemia/reperfusion in rats. Methods: Wistar rats weighing 389.58±46.88g were randomly allocated into 2 groups: control group (n = 6) - Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion and hydration with Ringer's solution; and test group (n = 6) - Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion and hydration with Ringer submitted to magnetic field of 20 mT during 2 hours. After anesthesia with ketamine 70 mg/kg and xylazine 7 mg/kg i.p., the animals were weighed and operated by aseptic technique. The ischemia of the median and left liver lobes was induced for 30 minutes using a vascular clip. Then, i.v. hydration with 3 ml of Ringer in the control group, and 3 ml of magnetized Ringer’s solution in the test group. After 24 hours, blood sample and fragment of the left liver lobe were collected for the determination of AST, ALT, ALP and albumin levels, and histopathological examination. Results: There was no significant difference in comparison of the rats weight loss, biochemical measurements and histopathological scores between the groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: The hydration with Ringer's solution submitted to magnetic field after hepatic ischemia/reperfusion in rats did not alter liver function tests neither histopathological scores, comparing with the control group.

scholarly journals Analysis of the drivers and benefits of BIM incorporation into quantity surveying profession

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 750-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solomon Olusola Babatunde ◽  
Damilola Ekundayo ◽  
Olubola Babalola ◽  
Jumoke Aduramigba Jimoh
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Practical Implication ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Whitney Test ◽  
Mann Whitney Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Quantity Surveying

Purpose Building information modeling (BIM) inclusion in education pedagogy is crucial in preparing skilled graduates for employment in the construction industry. Against this backdrop, studies on BIM education abound in architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) programmes in higher education institutions (HEIs). However, there are limited empirical studies on BIM potentials in the quantity surveying (QS) profession in HEIs, particularly in developing countries. The purpose of this study is to identify and assess the BIM drivers and benefits as important to the QS profession using an empirical approach. Design/methodology/approach A comprehensive literature review was conducted to identify the BIM drivers and benefits in relation to the QS profession, which was used to design a questionnaire. To capture a broad perception, a questionnaire survey was carried out which targeted the academia and final year undergraduate students from two selected universities offering QS honour degree programmes in Nigeria. Data collected were analysed using mean score, standard deviation and Mann–Whitney test. Findings The study identified 12 BIM drivers in relation to the QS profession and the analysis of the ranking revealed that almost all the identified BIM drivers are considered by respondents as important. The study further identified 14 BIM benefits and the analysis of the ranking indicated that all the identified BIM benefits are considered as important. The results of the Mann–Whitney test indicated a slight statistically significant difference, particularly in one of the selected universities on the ranking of the BIM drivers and benefits as important to the QS profession. Practical implication The findings of the study provide empirical evidence on the current perceptions of the drivers and benefits of BIM to QS academia and students as they explore the concept for the advancement of QS profession. Originality/value This study would provide practical insights to use BIM for QS practice. Also, this study would contribute to improving the QS graduates and professional quantity surveyors understanding of the BIM knowledge applicable to QS profession.

scholarly journals PENGARUH MENYIKAT GIGI DENGAN SIWAK (Salvadora persica) TERHADAP pH SALIVA

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
Yossy Juliarni ◽  
Gunawan Gunawan2
Keyword(s):  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Salvadora Persica ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Whitney Test ◽  
Mann Whitney Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Salivary Ph ◽  
Paired T Test

Background: Salivary pH is one of factor which involved in caries development. Decreasing of salivary pH will cause enamel demineralization. Miswak (Salvadora persica) as a toothbrush because it has mechanical and chemical effects such as essential oil and bicarbonate which can stimulate salivary secretion. Thus, it will increase the buffer capacity and salivary pH lead to enamel remineralization. Objective: This study aimed to know the effect of toothbrushing with miswak (Salvadora persica) on salivary pH. Methods: The clinical experiment study with pre-test and post-test control group design. The sample of this study is the students of Faculty of Dentistry, Andalas University, Padang. There are 34 students that divided into two groups randomly that is case and control group. Case group used miswak while control group used conventional toothbrush, respectively brushing horizontally for 2 minutes. Salivary pH was measured using digital pH meter in scale of 0.0 to 14.0 with 0.1 sensitivity from pen type pH meter. The data analyzed by Shapiro-Wilk test continued by paired t-test and Mann-Whitney test. Results: paired t-test produced significant value p=0,001 in case group and p=0,000 in control group. Mann-Whitney test produced significant value p=0.317. There was no significant difference in statistic among these groups. Conclusion: Toothbrushing with miswak has effect on salivary pH. Miswak as effective as toothbrush on salivary pH Keywords:Toothbrushing, miswak (Salvadora persica), Salivar

scholarly journals Evaluation of hydrogel use in the development of Rapanea ferruginea with water restriction by vibrational Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR-UATR)

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Douglas Cubas Pereira ◽  
Breno Pupin ◽  
Kumiko Koibuchi Sakane
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Whitney Test ◽  
Mann Whitney Test ◽  
Water Band ◽  
Significant Difference

This study evaluated the use of hydrogel on the development of Rapanea ferruginea under water restriction through Vibrational Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR-UATR). Seedlings of approximately 30 cm height were transferred in pots with 3 L of soil. The group of seedlings was separated into 5 different triplicate treatments according to the amount of hydrogel, as follows: H1 (25%), H2 (20%), H3 (15%), H4 (10%) and S (control without hydrogel). The applied hydrogel was mixed homogeneously with the soil. All treatments were irrigated with 40 mL of water. FTIR spectra were obtained from fresh leaves collected during 13 months of monitoring. The correlation of the hydroxyl (water) band with the main biomolecules between treatments with the control was evaluated using the Mann-Whitney test (p<0.05). The biomolecule bands were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA). The results indicate a significant correlation of the water band with the lipid, hemicellulose, cell wall and starch components in the species. The use of hydrogel resulted in a significant difference in the water absorption band in relation to the control group through the Mann-Whitney test and in biomolecules as the HCA and PCA analysis suggested. The best development was observed in groups H4 (10%), H2 (20%) and H3 (15%). The use of hydrogel positively influences the biomolecular development of the Rapanea ferruginea and monitoring is viable by FTIR. Keywords: FTIR infrared spectroscopy, plant water management, superabsorbent polymer.

scholarly journals EFEKTIVITAS POSISI TANGAN PENOLONG DALAM PENCEGAHAN RUPTUR PERINEUM PADA PERSALINAN NORMAL

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Mulyati Priyantini ◽  
Yuli Trisnawati
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Morbidity ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Second Stage Of Labor ◽  
Whitney Test ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Mann Whitney Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
U Value ◽  
Quota Sampling

ABSTRAKFokus utama asuhan persalinan adalah pencegahan komplikasi untuk mengurangi angka kesakitan dan kematian ibu. Salah satu upaya adalah mencegah terjadinya ruptur perineum. Posisi tangan yang dipakai penolong persalinan kala II untuk mencegah ruptur perineum antara lain posisi tangan APN dan Varney. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas antara posisi tangan penolong menurut APN dan menurut Varney dalam mencegah ruptur perineum spontan pada kala II persalinan di RSIA ‘Bunda arif’ Purwokerto. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik, menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional dengan populasi seluruh persalinan spontan di RSIA ‘Bunda arif’ Purwokerto. Sampel yang digunakan adalah quota sampling  sebanyak 30 sampel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Metode analisis data menggunakan uji U Mann-Whitney. Hasil penelitian ini adalah Kejadian ruptur perineum pada posisi tangan menurut APN sebanyak 93,3%, sedangkan menurut Varney sebanyak 86,7%. Hasil analisa statistik uji U Mann-Whitney didapatkan p value = 0,550 (p>0,005) sedangkan U value  = 33,000 (Uh < U t ), artinya tidak ada perbedaan bermakna, tetapi posisi tangan Varney lebih baik dengan selisih ruptur 6,6%. Posisi tangan penolong menurut Varney lebih efektif daripada posisi tangan menurut APN dalam pencegahan ruptur perineum spontan pada kala II persalinan, tetapi keduanya tidak memberikan perbedaan yang bermakna terhadap kejadian ruptur perineum. Penolong persalinan dapat menemukan metode yang paling tepat dalam meminimalisir kejadian ruptur perineum spontan untuk menurunkan angka kesakitan dan kematian ibu.Keyword : Posisi tangan penolong, ruptur perineumEFFECTIVENESS OF HANDLING POSITION IN PREVENTION OF PERINEUM RUPTURE IN NORMAL LABORABSTRACTMain focus of delivery care is preventing the complication to reduce the maternal morbidity and mortality. One of the efforts to prevent the occurance of perineal rupture. The position hand which is used birth attendant in the second stage of labor to prevent perineal rupture among others APN and Varney hands position. The goal of this reasearch is to know the effectiveness between APN and Varney hands position to prevent spontanoeus perineal rupture in the second stage of labor in RSIA ‘Bunda arif’ Purwokerto. This reasearch was observational analytic by approachment cross sectional with population of this reasearch was all of spontaneous delivery in RSIA ‘Bunda arif’ Purwokerto and the sample used quota sampling, it’s about 30 sample can be a inclusion criteria. The analyze method data used U Mann-Whitney test. The result of this experiment are precentage of spontaneous perineal rupture by  APN hands position is 93,3%, while by Varney is 86,7%. Result of statistic analysis used U Mann-Whitney test is p value = 0,550 (p>0.005) and U value  = 33,000 (Uh < U t). It means, not significant difference, but Varney hands position better by a margin of 6.6%. the conclusion are varney hands position is more effective than APN hands position in  prevention spontaneous perineal rupture in the second stage of labor, but both not significant for perinel rupture. Suggestion : Birth attendants can find the most appopriate method to minimize perineal ruptured to reduce maternal morbidity and mortalityKeyword : APN & Varney hands position, and perineal rupture.

scholarly journals P0536HYPOTHERMIA DURING RENAL ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION IN MICE: A PROTECTIVE EFFECT ON RENAL AND MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxime Schleef ◽  
Delphine Baetz ◽  
Bruno Pillot ◽  
Christelle Leon ◽  
Noelle Gallo-Bona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Complex I ◽  
Mild Hypothermia ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Renal Ischemia ◽  
Serum Urea ◽  
Mitochondrial Stress ◽  
Urea Level ◽  
Mitochondrial Functions ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background and Aims Renal ischemia reperfusion (RIR) can induce mitochondrial stress triggering cell death and eventually leading to acute kidney injury (AKI). It has been suggested that mild hypothermia could be protective in RIR without clear underlying mechanisms. We aimed to show that mild hypothermia (34°C) during RIR protects renal mitochondrial function and prevents AKI. Method Male C57BL6 mice were assigned to 4 groups: normothermic ischemic (RIR-37°C) group (n=14) and hypothermic ischemic (RIR-34°C) group (n=14) with body temperature maintained at respectively 37°C or 34°C during 20 minutes of renal ischemia by bilateral renal clamping under general anesthesia; normothermic sham (Sham-37°C) group (n=10) and hypothermic sham (Sham-34°C) group (n=10) with only anesthesia and laparotomy at 37°C or 34°C respectively. Renal function (serum urea concentration) and isolated renal mitochondria function (capacity of mitochondria to retain calcium i.e. calcic retention capacity (CRC), and oxidative phosphorylation capacity of electron transport chain complexes (complex I, II and IV)) were assessed 2 hours and 24 hours after reperfusion. All animal procedures were approved by local Ethics Committee. Data are presented as median with IQR. Results All the parameters monitored were not modified by the temperature in the sham groups, and there was no mortality in those 2 groups. Mortality was 33% in the RIR-37°C group and 11% in the RIR-34°C group 24 hours after reperfusion (p=0.58). Renal ischemia was responsible for a significant increase of serum urea level 2 hours after reperfusion at 37°C [18.7 (17.3–19.0) mmol/L] compared to sham groups (p=0.02), whereas no significant increase was observed in the RIR-34°C group. After 24 hours of reperfusion serum urea level was improved in the RIR-34°C group [22.7 (11.5–42.0) mmol/L] compared to RIR-37°C [60.8 (58.0–69.7) mmol/L, p=0.001]. CRC was not modified by RIR after 2 hours of reperfusion in both groups. CRC was preserved 24 hours after reperfusion in the RIR-34°C group [260 (210–320) nmol Ca2+/mg protein] with no difference compared to Sham-37°C [320 (280–360) nmol Ca2+/mg protein p=0.18] whereas CRC was significantly decreased in the RIR-37°C group compared to Sham-37°C [120 (0–130) vs 320 (280–360) nmol Ca2+/mg protein p=0.004). Complexes I, II and IV were lowered after 2 hours of reperfusion in the RIR-37°C group (p&lt;0.05), and complexes II and IV activities remained altered 24 hours after reperfusion, compared to Sham-37°C (p=0.009 and p=0.02 respectively). In the RIR-34°C group, complexes I, II and IV activities were preserved 2 hours after reperfusion but complex I activity decreased 24 hours after reperfusion. We found significant difference between complexes II and IV activities between IRI-34°C and RIR-37°C. Conclusion Mild hypothermia (34°C) during RIR significantly protected renal mitochondrial respiration and mitochondrial stress, associated with a preserved renal function after 2 hours of reperfusion and an improved renal function 24 hours after reperfusion compared to normothermic mice (37°C).

Relaxin protects against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury

2013 ◽  
Vol 305 (8) ◽  
pp. F1169-F1176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuya Yoshida ◽  
Hiromichi Kumagai ◽  
Tetsuya Kohsaka ◽  
Naoki Ikegaya
Keyword(s):  
Structural Damage ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Renal Ischemia ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Semiquantitative Assessment ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Significant Difference

Relaxin, a pregnancy hormone, has antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of relaxin on ischemia-reperfusion (IR)-induced acute kidney injury. Male rats underwent unilateral nephrectomy and contralateral renal IR (45 min of renal pedicle clamping). Rats were divided into three groups: 1) sham group, 2) IR group, and 3) IR-RLX group (rats treated with relaxin before ischemia). In this group, relaxin was infused at 500 ng/h via subcutaneous osmotic minipump for 24 h beginning 2 h before renal ischemia. At 24 h after reperfusion, renal function was assessed and kidneys were removed for analysis. There was no significant difference in blood pressure among the three groups. IR increased plasma levels of creatinine and urea nitrogen, and relaxin provided protection against the increases in these two parameters. Relaxin significantly decreased plasma TNF-α levels and renal TNF receptor 1 mRNA expression, compared with the IR group. Semiquantitative assessment of the histological lesions showed marked structural damage in IR rats compared with the IR-RLX rats. RLX significantly reduced apoptotic cell counts compared with the IR group. Overexpression of caspase-3 observed in the IR kidneys was reduced in the IR-RLX group. The results demonstrated that relaxin provided protection against IR-induced renal injury by reducing apoptosis and inflammation.

Quantification of Foetal Cells In Foetal Maternal Haemorrhage (FMH): Comparison of 3 Methods

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (21) ◽  
pp. 4406-4406
Author(s):  
Joyce Overfield, and Pei ◽  
Lun Karen Lim
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Cell Detection ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Gel Method ◽  
Whitney Test ◽  
Mann Whitney Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Agglutination Method ◽  
Gel Technique ◽  
Foetal Cell

Abstract Abstract 4406 Methods of quantification of foetal red cell in maternal blood samples are important to ensure the correct administration of prophylactic anti-D to prevent sensitisation of the mother which may result in haemolytic disease of the newborn and foetus in subsequent pregnancies. We aimed to assess the accuracy of 3 methods: a gel card technique using anti-D and 2 acid-elution techniques, foetal cell detection kit (FCD, Inverclyde Biologicals Lanarkshire, Scotland) and a kit from Clin-Tech Limited (Guildford, England) based on the Kleihauer-Betke foetal stain technique (KBT), to quantifiy foetal red cells in maternal samples. The sensitivity of the gel method was also assessed. A total of 63 maternal blood samples and 30 man-made control blood samples were analysed, with only 57 maternal samples confirmed to be Rh D negative. Rh D positive samples were excluded. All samples were run concurrently with the 3 methods, according to manufacturers’ instructions. Mann Whitney test was used to compare the results. The gel technique was recorded in terms of grading of agglutination while the acid-elution kits were recorded by degree of FMH (mL). Column agglutination was also used to assess sensitivity. Results showed only 3 maternal samples were positive for FMH using the acid-elution method but not the gel technique. Statistically there was no significant difference between the techniques (Mann-Whitney test). Sensitivity of the gel method showed that it has the ability to detected FMH of more than 3mL whilst the 2 kits were able to detect FMH of 1mL. The study showed that gel technique required little skill to perform but it was not considered suitable for accurate quantification of FMH and consequently for the correct administration of prophylactic anti-D. The foetal cell detection kit (Inverclyde Biologicals) showed a similar ability to detect and quantify FMH when compared to the Kleihauer –Betke kit (Clin-Tech) with better overall staining intensity. The Kleihauer-Betke test from Clin-Tech and the foetal cell detection kit from Inverclyde Biologicals showed no significant difference (p = 0.98), thus there is no statistical significant difference between the 2 methods. However, the sensitivity of the column agglutination method was lower, as significant agglutination could only be observed with FMH of more than 3mL. The expected values were plotted based on Gomez-Arbones et al (2002), who cited significant agglutination seen when FMH is 0.1% or about 2.5mL. Sensitivity was found to be less than expected as a higher amount of bleed is required to observed significant agglutination. The FMH sample representing 1–6mL was repeated and similar findings were recorded, as significant agglutination was only observed when FMH was 4mL. The column agglutination method is not suitable as a quantitative measurement of FMH as it only allows qualitative analysis, thus if it is incorporated into a clinical setting, it must be accompanied by a quantitative test. The foetal cell detection kit has similar staining capabilities to detect foetal cells and compared to Clin-Tech was easier to use as there is no need to prepare eluting solution unlike the latter. However, fixing solution was not provided and hence need to be prepared. Results showed that only 3 maternal samples were positive for the presence of FMH and thus using a semi-quatitative acid-elution technique should be sufficient in FMH quantification unless FMH using the acid-elution technique exceeds 2mL, as recommende,d by the BCSH guidelines (2009), then the sample should be analysed using flow cytometry. Acknowledgments: Central Manchester Hospitals Transfusion Laboratory for the provision of blood samples. Performed as part of MSc Biomedical Science project, funded by Mancheste Metropolitan University. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals FAKTOR FAKTOR SOSIAL EKONOMI KELUARGA BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN GONDOK PADA MURID SD

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Siti Madanijah ◽  
Ageng Basuki Hirmawan
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Elementary School Students ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
School Students ◽  
Whitney Test ◽  
Mann Whitney Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Spearman Test

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 12.6pt 6pt 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;">The objective o<span lang="en-us" xml:lang="en-us">f this study is to identify the factors that affect the high prevalence of goiter among elementary school students in goiter endemic area.  The specific objective are to identify the socio-economic characteristics of the sample family, to analyze food consump­tion related to goiter, to identify the variety of food contains of goitrogenic sub­stances, to measure the iodium salt concentration, to analyze the correlation between mother knowledge about IDD, food consumption and the quality of salt with the goiter status. This research was designed with cross sectional study with purposive method.  This research was conducted at Kabupaten Tasikmalaya, West Java from April to May 2005. The respon­dent consisted of 60 elementary school students, which 30 of them classified as normal group and the rest of them belong to the goiter group. The two sample groups were analyzing by the t-test and Mann Whitney test. The correlation variables were analyzed by the Spearman test. There were significant difference between the income on the normal group and the goiter group; the normal group had higher income than the rest. There were significant difference between the adequacy level of energy on the normal group (73.5%) and the goiter group (55.8%) and the average of the variety of goitrogenic food consumption. The Mann Whitney test showed there were also significant differences for the quality of salt. There were significant correlations between mother knowledge about IDD with the adequacy of iodium, and between the cases of goiter with the quality of salt consumed by the family. Intensive nutrition education of IDD is needed to improve the nutrition knowledge of the mothers, as well as the availability of the accessible iodized salt.</span></p>

scholarly journals The Effect of Gender on Brain Tissue Changes Induced by Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Adult Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
Fakhri Armin ◽  
Fariba Azarkish ◽  
Ali Atash Ab Parvar ◽  
Aghdas Dehghani
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Left Kidney ◽  
Renal Ischemia ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Sensitive Organ ◽  
The Brain

Background: Renal ischemia-reperfusion (RIR) is a common clinical injury that affects the function of other remote organs such as the brain by initiating a cascade of complex and wide-ranging inflammatory responses. RIR also follows a different course in men and women. Since there is little information on the effect of RIR on the brain as a sensitive organ in both males and females, the present research was performed to investigate the effect of gender on RIR-induced brain tissue alterations in adult rats. Materials and Methods: In this study, 28 Wistar rats (14 female and 14 male rats) weighing 200 ± 20 g were divided into the following groups: 1- male sham (MS), 2- female sham (FS), 3- male ischemia (MI) with 3-hour reperfusion (ISC3hr), and 4- Female ischemia (FI) with 3-hour reperfusion (ISC3hr). Bilateral renal ischemia was induced for 45 minutes and blood samples were taken after reperfusion for the measurements of serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitrite levels. The left kidney was removed for evaluation of MDA and tissue nitrite levels. Right kidney and brain tissue underwent histological examination. Results: Serum BUN level increased in both genders. Serum nitrite level was significantly different between both genders, meaning that it was increased in the female rats as compared to male ones. Overall brain tissue damage was significantly increased in males compared to females. Conclusion: RIR has an effect on the function and tissue of kidney and brain in both genders. Female rats are more susceptible to the nitric oxide system than the male ones. This study showed that male brain tissue was more susceptible to RIR. Therefore, gender is one of the important factors that should be considered in clinical treatments.

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