scholarly journals Social and Behavioral Implications of National Collegiate Athletic Association Sickle Cell Trait Screening: The Athletes’ Perspective

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymona H. Lawrence ◽  
Alison Scott ◽  
Carlton Haywood Jr. ◽  
Kayin Robinson ◽  
Mondi Mason
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Sickle Cell Trait

scholarly journals NCAA Football Off-Season Training: Unanswered Prayers… A Prayer Answered

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Sickle Cell Trait ◽  
Exercise Physiology ◽  
Heat Stroke ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Sport Training ◽  
Training Standards ◽  
Collegiate Football

Off-season training in year-round collegiate football is purported to be performance enhancing. Absent principles of exercise physiology, excesses in sport-training regimens pose risk to the participant athletes. Since 2000, 33 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) football players have died in sport: 27 nontraumatic deaths and 6 traumatic deaths, a ratio of 4.5 nontraumatic deaths for every traumatic death. On average, 2 NCAA football players die per season. Best practices, consensus guidelines, and precautions are ignored, elevating the risk. However, standards exist that will, if heeded, prevent nontraumatic death in athletes training for sport. Sickle cell trait status knowledge and tailored precautions are preventing deaths from exertional collapse associated with sickle cell trait. Adherence to established principles of exercise physiology and best-practice training standards, which is long overdue, will help to prevent not only deaths from exertional collapse associated with sickle cell trait but also sudden cardiac, exertional heat stroke, and asthma deaths.

Sickle cell trait testing and athletic participation: a solution in search of a problem?

Hematology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (1) ◽  
pp. 632-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis A. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Sickle Cell Trait ◽  
Splenic Infarction ◽  
Student Athlete ◽  
Physician Organizations ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Intensity Physical Activity ◽  
American Society ◽  
Cell Gene

AbstractCarriers of a single sickle cell gene mutation generally enjoy normal lifespans without serious health consequences related to their sickle cell status, but under extreme conditions such as severe dehydration and high-intensity physical activity, complications such as exertional rhabdomyolysis, splenic infarction, and papillary necrosis can occur. Recently, the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) adopted a policy that requires sickle cell solubility testing for all incoming student athletes. However, the American Society of Hematology (ASH) and other physician organizations oppose this policy. What is the basis for this controversy and how have new findings moved the field forward? I discuss herein the epidemiology, genetics, and clinical studies of sickle cell trait; review the implications of current policies regarding sickle cell trait screening and interventions for the student athlete; and examine additional areas where more information is needed.

scholarly journals Sudden Death Associated With Sickle Cell Trait Before and After Mandatory Screening

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin K. Buchanan ◽  
David M. Siebert ◽  
Monica L. Zigman Suchsland ◽  
Jonathan A. Drezner ◽  
Irfan M. Asif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Sickle Cell Trait ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Ncaa Athletes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

Background: Sickle cell trait (SCT) has been associated with an increased risk of sudden death in athletes during strenuous exercise. In August 2010, the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) began requiring athletes to be screened for SCT, provide proof of SCT status, or sign a waiver and launched an educational campaign for athletes, coaches, and medical staff. The impact of this program is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of death associated with sickle cell trait (daSCT) in NCAA athletes before and after legislation. Hypothesis: NCAA SCT legislation will decrease the incidence of daSCT. Study Design: Observational study. Level of Evidence: Level 2. Methods: A database of NCAA athlete deaths from 2000 to 2019 was reviewed for daSCT. A total of 8,309,050 athlete-years (AY) were included. Incidence of death was calculated before and after legislation. Results: The incidence of daSCT in Division I (DI) football athletes before legislation (n = 9) was 1:28,145 AY and after legislation (n = 1) was 1:250,468 AY (relative risk [RR], 0.112; 95% CI, 0.003-0.811; P = 0.022), an 89% reduction in risk after legislation was enacted. The incidence of daSCT in African American DI football athletes before legislation (n = 9) was 1:12,519 AY and after legislation (n = 1) was 1:118,464 AY (RR, 0.106; 95% CI, 0.002-0.763; P = 0.017), also an 89% risk reduction after legislation was enacted. For all NCAA athletes, the incidence of daSCT was 1:489,749 AY before legislation (n = 10) and 1:1,705,780 AY after legislation (n = 2) (RR, 0.288; 95% CI, 0.031-1.347; P = 0.146). Conclusion: The incidence of daSCT in DI football athletes has decreased significantly since legislation was enacted. Cases of daSCT outside of football are rare. It is unclear whether the decrease is related to screening for SCT, education, or both. Clinical Relevance: This is the first evidence that NCAA SCT legislation may save lives.

Sickle cell trait and the eye

1977 ◽  
Vol 137 (3) ◽  
pp. 281a-281
Author(s):  
P. E. Mickelson
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Sickle Cell Trait

Microsurgery in the Sickle Cell Trait Population: Is It Actually Safe?

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Michael Alperovich ◽  
Eric Park ◽  
Michael Alperovich ◽  
Omar Allam ◽  
Paul Abraham
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Free Flap ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Sickle Cell Trait ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Flap Transfer ◽  
Free Flap Transfer ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator

Although sickle cell disease has long been viewed as a contraindication to free flap transfer, little data exist evaluating complications of microsurgical procedures in the sickle cell trait patient. Reported is the case of a 55-year-old woman with sickle cell trait who underwent a deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) microvascular free flap following mastectomy. The flap developed signs of venous congestion on postoperative day two but was found to have patent arterial and venous anastomoses upon exploration in the operating room. On near-infrared indocyanine green angiography, poor vascular flow was noted despite patent anastomoses and strong cutaneous arterial Doppler signals. Intrinsic microvascular compromise or sickling remains a risk in the sickle cell trait population as it does for the sickle cell disease population. Just like in sickle cell disease patients, special care should be taken to optimize anticoagulation and minimize ischemia-induced sickling for patients with sickle cell trait undergoing microsurgery.

scholarly journals COVID-19 as a trigger for splenic infarction in a patient with sickle cell trait: a case report

2021 ◽  
pp. 100047
Author(s):  
Álvaro Alejandre-de-Oña ◽  
Jaime Alonso-Muñoz ◽  
Pablo Demelo-Rodríguez ◽  
Jorge del-Toro-Cervera ◽  
Francisco Galeano-Valle
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Sickle Cell Trait ◽  
Splenic Infarction

scholarly journals Metabolism of Heterogenic Hemoglobins

Blood ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICHARD D. LEVERE ◽  
HERBERT C. LICHTMAN ◽  
Joan Levine
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Sickle Cell Trait ◽  
Hemoglobin S ◽  
Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Hemoglobin A ◽  
Abnormal Hemoglobin

Abstract The relative rates of incorporation of Fe59 into heterogenic hemoglobins was studied in four patients with sickle cell trait. Three of the patients were free of superimposed disease, while one had active pulmonary tuberculosis. In all subjects there was a significantly greater incorporation of radioiron, per milligram of hemoglobin, into hemoglobin S than into hemoglobin A. The data indicate that in sickle cell trait the rates of synthesis of the heterogenic hemoglobins are not proportional to their circulating concentrations. Two interpretations appear possible. Since the size of the intra-marrow pool of hemoglobin S was not known, it is possible that there exists a smaller preformed pool of the abnormal hemoglobin, with the isotope making its appearance first in hemoglobin S. However, it is also possible that hemoglobin S is synthesized at a rate which is greater than that reflected by its circulating concentration. This implies that the relative concentrations of hemoglobin S and hemoglobin A vary from erythrocyte to erythrocyte, and that those cells with the greatest proportion of hemoglobin S are selectively destroyed.

scholarly journals Patterns of hemoglobin assembly in reticulocytes of sickle cell trait individuals.

1975 ◽  
Vol 250 (22) ◽  
pp. 8630-8634 ◽  
Author(s):  
JR Shaeffer ◽  
MA Longley ◽  
J DeSimone ◽  
LJ Kleve
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Sickle Cell Trait
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