scholarly journals The Effect of Biochar, Lime, and Compost on The Properties of Acid Sulphate Soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Juhrian Juhrian ◽  
Fadly H. Yusran ◽  
Raihani Wahdah ◽  
Bambang J. Priatmadi
Keyword(s):  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Soil Organisms ◽  
Acid Sulphate Soil ◽  
Acid Sulphate ◽  
Acid Sulphate Soils ◽  
Terra Preta

<p><span style="font-size: small;"><span>Making acid sulphate soils as paddy fields is a wise choice because it can prevent the soil from oxidizing which occurs in acidification of the soil. The use of biochar as an amendment to the land has long been known since the discovery of terra preta since 1870 in the Amazon Basin as the Amazon dark earth. Because biochar soil amendments are rich in C-organics, have a buffering capacity and can increase soil acidity, are able to absorb heavy metals, and are able to retain water and nutrients for soil organisms. Meanwhile, lime has also been known as an acid sulphate soil amendment in Rome 2000 years ago to balance the acidity in agricultural land. This has been practiced for centuries until now. Though compost or organic soil can be traced more than 2000 years ago. Soil organic matter (SOM) is formed from the remains of animals and plants. It contains C and many nutrients such as N, P, and K. Based on the description above, the author wants to combine the three ingredients in the review, especially in relation to acid sulphate soils.</span></span></p>

scholarly journals Response on Growth of Oil Palm Seedling (Main Nursery) by Adding Several Amandement, Fertilizer and Sulphate Reduction Bacteria on Acid Sulphate Soils

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-354
Author(s):  
Perdana Abdi ◽  
Asmarlaili Sahar Hanafiah ◽  
Hamidah Hanum
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Sulphate Reduction ◽  
Acid Sulphate Soil ◽  
Acid Sulphate ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Acid Sulphate Soils ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Acid sulphate soil has potential to be good agricultural land if the condition meets. Therefore This research was conduct to learn the effect of several amendment, fertilizer and sulphate reduction bacteria (SRB) on the growth of oil palm seedlings and increasing nutrient content of oil plam seedlings.This research did on april 2017 until desember 2017, and used acid sulphate soil from Unit Payarambe PT. Mopoli Raya Aceh Tamiang Indonesia, and used oil palm seedling (3 month old). This research used Randomized Block Design with 3 treatments : Several amandment (without amandement, empty fruit bunches oil palm 30 tonnes/ha, Dolomie 15,8 tonnes/ha), fertilizers (without fertilizer, given fertilizer 2,5grams/seedling), and sulphate reduction bacteria (without SRB and given SRB 15 ml with total population 108/cc) with 6 replication. The results showed that the application empty fruit bunches oil palm compost 30 tonnes/ha increased plant height and stem statiscally significant after 28 weeks application. The best treatment was empty fruit bunches oil palm compost 30 tonnes/ha combined with inoculum of sulphate reduction bacteria.

Characteristics of the acidity and sulphate fractions in acid sulphate soils and their relationship with rice yield

2016 ◽  
Vol 154 (8) ◽  
pp. 1463-1473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. HUANG ◽  
S. TANG ◽  
X. HUANG ◽  
S. YANG ◽  
Q. YI
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Acid Sulphate ◽  
Exchangeable Acidity ◽  
Acid Sulphate Soils ◽  
Plough Layer ◽  
Soluble Sulphate

SUMMARYMost acid sulphate soils (ASSs) in the Pearl River Delta of South China have been traditionally reclaimed for rice cultivation, but the rice yield in most of these paddy fields is lower than the average rice yield in China due to extremely high soil acidity. In the present study, a range of sulphate and acidity parameters were investigated in ASS profiles in three types of paddy fields in Taishan City (Guangdong Province, China) divided based on the local rice productivity (4500, 3000 and 1500 kg/ha) using an abandoned ASS (uncultivated) as the control treatment to ascertain key yield constraining parameters. Soluble acidity (SA), exchangeable acidity (ExA), soluble sulphate (SS) and net acid-soluble sulphate (NAS) increased with increasing soil depths from 0 to 100 cm and then decreased abruptly with further increases in the depth. However, the depth distribution of exchangeable sulphate (ES) was uniform. The soil acidity and sulphate contents differed significantly in three sampled paddy fields. The values of SA and SS in the soils at depths of 0–100 cm in the studied ASS were lower compared with those in the uncultivated ASS and the ExA in soils at depths of 0–40 cm in ASS were lower compared with those observed in the uncultivated ASS. A correlation analysis revealed that SA was strongly correlated with SS and ExA with NAS. Soluble acidity, ExA, SS and NAS in the ASS were significantly associated with rice yield. Exchangeable acidity in the plough layer (0–20 cm) of soils was the most sensitive indicator of soil quality affecting rice yield among those in soils from 0 to 140 cm depth. It is interesting to note that SA, SS and NAS were more sensitive indicators of soil quality affecting rice yield at 60–100 cm than at 0–40 cm depth. Principal component analysis showed that pH value, ExA and ES in soils at depths of 0–40 cm and SA, SS and NAS in soils at depths of 60–100 cm constituted the critical soil acidity and sulphate characteristics that were strongly correlated with rice yields. This finding implies that controlling the ExA in the plough layer and the SA and NAS in the Jarosite layer should be the major focus of studies aimed at the amelioration of ASSs.

scholarly journals Sources of acidity and metals in a stream draining acid sulphate soil, till and peat, western Finland, revealed by a hydrochemical and sulphur isotope study

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. ÅSTRÖM ◽  
B. SPIRO
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acids ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Sulphur Isotope ◽  
Acid Sulphate Soil ◽  
Acid Sulphate ◽  
Acid Sulphate Soils ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
Alkaline Earths ◽  
Isotope Study ◽  
Water Quality Deterioration

The main aim of this study was to determine, during extreme hydrological conditions, the source(s) of acids, sulphate and metals (alkali and alkaline earths) in the Munsala stream (western Finland) draining mainly acid sulphate soil, peat and till. Samples were collected at 6 sites along the main stem on 3 high-flow and 3 low-flow events, and were analysed for the required chemical and isotopic variables. The acid sulphate soils (located under farmland) had a large impact on the stream as indicated by pH values occasionally down to 4.0, moderately to strongly increased concentrations of inorganic solutes, and a high acid SO4 2- load characterised by negative d34S(sulphate) values. In addition, the forested areas underlain mainly with till and peat released low SO4 2- but low pH waters (down to at least 4.6) during high flows, indicating the importance of humic acids in controlling the pH. These humic acids flocculated abundantly in the middle/ lower reaches as a result of interaction with acid sulphate water. Therefore, not only the farmland acid sulphate soils but also the organic-rich soils/horizons in the forested areas contribute to water-quality deterioration.;

scholarly journals The Leaching of Iron and Loss of Phosphate in Acid Sulphate Soil Due to Rice Straw and Phosphate Fertilizer Application

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Arifin Fahmi ◽  
Bostang Radjagukguk ◽  
Benito Heru Purwanto
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Acid Sulphate Soil ◽  
Acid Sulphate ◽  
P Loss ◽  
Acid Sulphate Soils

Low phosphorus (P) availability and high iron (Fe) concentration are the dominant characteristics of acid sulphate soils (ASS).  Optimum agricultural management practices are required to leach the excess Fe2+  and to prevent or minimize loss of P from the soil in order to obtain conditions favorable for rice growth. The aim of this experiment was to study the effect of organic matter (OM) application in the form of rice straw (RS) on leaching of Fe and loss of P in an acid sulphate soil. The experiment was conducted in the glasshouse consisting of three treatment factors utilizing the completely randomized design with three replications. The first factor was soil condition consisting of continuous application of RS and without RS during the past five years. The second factor was application of fresh RS consisting of fresh RS application and without fresh RS application, whereas the third factor was P application consisting of three rates of SP-36 fertilizer (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 times of the recommended rate). The results showed that RS application was effective in preventing P loss from the soil at 6 weeks after planting (WAP) and decreased the pH of leachate at all observations time but it increased Fe2+ concentration in leachate (0.07-0.42% Fe2+ in the soil were leached or 2-5 folds higher than without RS application).

scholarly journals Successive alkalinity producing system for the treatment of acid sulphate soil runoff: preliminary results of a field trial

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
V. KUSTULA ◽  
A. WITICK ◽  
J. MERILÄINEN
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Bottom Layer ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Acid Sulphate Soil ◽  
Acid Drainage ◽  
Acid Sulphate ◽  
Land Site ◽  
Waste Gypsum

A successive alkalinity producing system (SAPS) has been investigated as a potential passive treatment option for acid, metal containing runoff from acid sulphate soil. A pilot-scale system was installed at an agricultural land site in Rintala embankment area in mid-western Finland. The experimental layout consists of three parallel treatment units: two different SAPS cells and one limestone-filled cell for comparison of performance. The SAPS cells are composed of a bottom layer of limestone and a top layer of compost supplemented with sand. One of the SAPS cells contains sulphate-rich, waste gypsum mixed with the compost layer in order to enhance the metal reduction by sulphate reducing-bacteria. Over a 3 year period on average between 6–12 l min-1 of water from a nearby drain receiving acid drainage was directed to the system. The quality of the influent water was highly variable: pH 4.1–7.1, aluminium 0.061–29 mg l-1, iron 0.046–22 mg l-1, manganese 1.9–23 mg l-1. Flow through the cells increased the pH and decreased the acidity and concentrations of Al and Fe. Manganese concentrations did not change significantly (P < 0.05, paired t-test) in any of the treatment cells. The current results do not demonstrate the advantages of a SAPS system when compared to a limestone bed and the present implementation is not considered to be an effective treatment method for acid drainage water. Therefore, to increase the alkalinity production of SAPS cells, the system will be modified to increase the contact time of water with limestone.;

scholarly journals Assessment of aquatic pollution, remedial measures and juridical obligations of an acid sulphate soil area in western Finland

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. ÖSTERHOLM ◽  
M. ÅSTRÖM ◽  
R. SUNDSTRÖM
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Acid Sulphate Soil ◽  
Acid Sulphate ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Acid Sulphate Soils ◽  
Poor Water Quality ◽  
Improve Water Quality

Reclaiming of Holocene sulphide-bearing sediments, widespread in the coastal areas of Finland, has enabled oxidation of sulphides to a depth of 1–3 m and the subsequent development of acid sulphate soils (pH < 4). This work is concerned with spatial hydrogeochemical patterns, remediation measures and the juridical obligation to improve water quality in one such area, i.e. the Rintala plain (23 km2) in mid-western Finland. Streams draining acid sulphate soils in Rintala are more acid (pH ~ 4 and acidity ~ 4 mmol l-1) and carry significantly higher concentrations of SO4 2-, Al, Ca, Cd, Co, Cu, F, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, Sr and Zn than those draining forest and rural areas in the vicinity of the Rintala plain and organic-rich soils located on the plain. The juridical obligation to improve the water quality is inappropriate as it does not consider the main reason for the poor water quality, i.e. drainage by subsurface drainage pipes, and because of the equality principle (other acid sulphate soil areas have just as poor water quality but do not have such an obligation). Groundwater management, i.e. keeping the groundwater level as high as possible, is recommended as the best management practice.;

scholarly journals A Proposed Improvement of Belanti II Tidal Irrigation Scheme, Kalimantan, to Support Leaching of Acid Sulphate Soil Reclamation

2021 ◽  
Vol 930 (1) ◽  
pp. 012011
Author(s):  
A Setiawan ◽  
B S Wignyosukarto ◽  
A P Rahardjo ◽  
Yakubson
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
High Tide ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Soil Reclamation ◽  
Irrigation Scheme ◽  
Acid Sulphate Soil ◽  
Acid Sulphate ◽  
Primary Canal ◽  
Leaching Process

Abstract The reclamation process of acid sulphate soil of the Belanti II tidal irrigation scheme remains unfinished. During ebb tide, the upstream acidic drainage water retains and settles in the irrigation canals. During high tide, the acidic water flows back into some parts of the agricultural land and reduces rice productivity. The measured pH is about 2.5 ~ 3.5 and the measured electric conductivity is about 0,25 ~ 0,35 mS/cm. Sedimentation in the middle to the end of the primary, secondary, and collector canals and tidal pond at the upstream end of the primary canal, preventing the leaching process of sulfuric acid soil. Primary canal normalization as an alternative solution to increase the capability of acidity leaching is proposed. Leaching the acidic soil of Belanti II irrigated area of 3.976 ha requires 500 m3/ha/day of freshwater, equivalent to 1.998.000 m3/day. The one-dimensional HEC RAS mathematical model is used to evaluate the hydraulics performance to support the leaching process. The hydraulic analysis was carried out using two tidal cycles on the existing channel and the normalized channel. Channel normalization has succeeded in reducing the water supply deficit to support the leaching process from 39% to 9%.

scholarly journals Influence of Height Waterlogging on Soil Physical Properties of Potential and Actual Acid Sulphate Soils

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Arifin Fahmi ◽  
Ani Susilawati ◽  
Ahmad Rachman
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Acid Sulphate Soil ◽  
Acid Sulphate ◽  
Soil Waterlogging ◽  
Acid Sulphate Soils

Water management is main factor that determines the successful of rice cultivation in acid sulphate soil. Soil waterlogging determines the direction and rate of chemical, geochemical and biological reaction in the soil, indirectly these reactions may influence to the changes of soil psycal properties during soil waterlogging process. The experiment was aimed to study the changes of two type of acid sulphate soils physical properties during rice straw decomposition processes.  The  research  was  conducted  in  the  greenhouse  consisting  of  the  three  treatment  factors  using  the completely randomized design with three replications. The first factor was soil type: potential acid sulphate soil (PASS) and actual acid sulphate soil (AASS). The second factor was height of water waterlogging: 0.5-1.0 cm (muddy water–level  condition) and 4.0 cm from above the soil surface (waterlogged). The third factor was organic matter type: rice straw (RS), purun tikus (Eleocharis dulcis) (PT) and mixed of RS and PT (MX). Soil physical properties such as aggregate stability, total soil porosity, soil permeability, soil particle density and bulk density were observed at the end of experiment (vegetative maximum stage). The results showed that acid sulphate soil type had large effect on soil physicl properties, soil waterlogging decreased aggregate stability, soil particle density and bulk density both of soil type.Keywords : Acid sulphate soils, soil physical properties, and waterlogging [How to Cite: Arifin F, A Susilawati and A Rachman. 2014. Influence of Height Waterlogging on Soil Physical Properties of Potential and Actual Acid Sulphate Soils. J Trop Soils 19(2): 77-83. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2014.19.2.77]

scholarly journals High moisture acid sulphate soil effects on reed canary grass

2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Epie Kenedy Etone ◽  
Seija Virtanen ◽  
Asko Simojoki ◽  
Frederick Stoddard
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Management Option ◽  
Acid Sulphate Soil ◽  
Acid Sulphate ◽  
Acid Sulphate Soils ◽  
Canary Grass

To examine the suitability of acid sulphate soils for perennial energy cropping and specifically to provide information on the responses of reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) to raised water levels, a management option for these problematic soils, large core lysimeters of undisturbed field acid sulphate soil were taken into PVC tubes equipped with ground water level control and measurement instruments, planted with reed canary grass, and studied during the period 2008 - 2011. Two treatments; high water content (HWC, 20 cm below soil surface) and low water content (LWC, 70 cm below soil surface, considered normal for acid sulphate soils) were considered and there were 4 replicates. Tiller height, net photosynthesis, and above ground biomass at harvest were measured and Al, Fe, K, Si and S were analysed using ICP-OES. Tillers in HWC lysimeters were 30 and 23% taller than those in LWC lysimeters (P = 0.003, P = 0.002) in September 2009 and 2010 respectively. Net photosynthesis was higher in LWC grasses, although the margin was significant only in year 2009 (P = 0.04). Spring 2009, dry matter yields were almost the same in both treatments, but in 2010 and 2011, HWC grasses yielded 43% and 37 % more than LWC (P = 0.001 in both years), respectively. Dry matter harvested in spring of both 2010 and 2011 contained more Al, K, S and Si in the LWC treatment than in HWC treatment, whereas the concentration of Fe was higher in HWC treatment in 2009 and 2010. It was concluded that reed canary grass, an established bioenergy crop, grows well in acid sulphate soils and can perform better when the water table is raised to reduce acidity and prevent environmental hazards. This could serve as management option and a solution to the problems cause by acid sulphate soils and same time reduce the controversy about the use of bioenergy crops on arable land.

scholarly journals Terra Preta Properties in Northwestern Amazonia (Colombia)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7088
Author(s):  
Juan Manuel Orozco-Ortiz ◽  
Clara Patricia Peña-Venegas ◽  
Sara Louise Bauke ◽  
Christian Borgemeister ◽  
Ramona Mörchen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Sequential Fractionation ◽  
Polycarboxylic Acids ◽  
Terra Preta ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Colombian Amazon ◽  
Property Changes ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Total P ◽  
Microbial Residue

Whereas many researchers still approach Terra Preta (TP) as a soil category, new evidence suggests that TP refers to a directional grading of soil property changes (i.e., color, pH, nutrients, etc.) within human-made soils, originating from human activities in pre-Columbian times. Currently, most TP research focuses on the Brazilian part of the Amazon basin, but only little information is available on TP soils in the Colombian Amazon. Here, we sampled four TP and surrounding soils in the Colombian Amazon region at different soil depths and analyzed them for (i) general soil properties such as color, pH and texture, (ii) soil organic carbon and black carbon (BC) contents, the latter using benzene polycarboxylic acids as molecular marker, (iii) phosphorus availability based on sequential fractionation, and (iv) microbial residue contents using amino sugars. Our data from Colombia’s middle Caquetá River and Leticia confirmed that SOC, BC, and total P were present in significantly higher concentrations in the TP areas than the surrounding soils, while pH values and microbial residue contents were unchanged. The enrichment of P forms comprised both easily extractable and stable P pools, which both dominated to a different degree, both in TP and adjacent soils. The different degree of SOC, BC and P enrichment suggests different amounts of waste disposal by the ancient populations at different TP sites, now warranting further research for reconstructing ancient population sizes from TP chemical analyses.

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