Characterization and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Coagulase Negative Staphylococci with Special Reference to Methicillin Resistance

Abstract OBJECTIVES: Gram-positive infections such as those by Staphylococcus aureus have contributed to the disease burden by increasing the morbidity and mortality rates in India. This study aims to determine the prevalence and the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Gram-positive pathogens at a tertiary care hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out from January, 2015 to December, 2017, at a tertiary care hospital in Mumbai, India. The clinical isolates were cultured, and identification was done using Vitek 2 culture system. The antibiotic susceptibility testing was done as per the Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute guidelines. RESULTS: Out of 2132 (29%) Gram-positive isolates, S. aureus (49%) was the most common encountered pathogen, followed by Enterococcus spp. (24.5%) and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (16%). Majority of the S. aureus were observed in patients with skin and soft-tissue infections (61.2%) followed by those suffering from respiratory (41%) and bloodstream infections (35%). Among the infections caused by S. aureus, the prevalence of methicillin resistance was 30%. While the MRSA isolates showed lower sensitivity toward co-trimoxazole (39%), clindamycin (30%), erythromycin (23%), and ciprofloxacin (10%), they showed higher susceptibility to linezolid (98%), vancomycin (98%), and teicoplanin (98%). All the isolates were found to be sensitive to daptomycin and tigecycline. While vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) formed 7.5%, the linezolid-resistant enterococcus species was as high as 4.1%. CONCLUSION: The study showed a high prevalence of MRSA and VRE, thereby emphasizing the increasing antimicrobial resistance pattern of the Gram-positive pathogens. Therefore, there is an urgent need for novel antimicrobial stewardship to restrict the ongoing resistance rate among the isolates.

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Antibiotic susceptibility pattern and biofilm formation in coagulase negative staphylococci

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.5008 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 1643-1645 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Olayemi Oluseun Ayepola ◽

Nurudeen Ayoade Olasupo ◽

Louis Osayenum Egwari ◽

Frieder Schaumburg

Keyword(s):

Full Text ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Susceptibility Pattern ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern

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Characterization and Evaluation of Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Coagulase Negative Staphylococci Isolated from Common Clinical Specimens in a Central Hospital in Delta State, Nigeria

Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management ◽

10.4314/jasem.v23i1.27 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 183

Author(s):

DJ Jemikalajah

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Susceptibility Pattern ◽

Central Hospital ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽

Clinical Specimens

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Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of biofilm producing clinical coagulase negative staphylococci from Nepal and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern

Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials ◽

10.1186/s12941-021-00447-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sarita Manandhar ◽

Anjana Singh ◽

Ajit Varma ◽

Shanti Pandey ◽

Neeraj Shrivastava

Keyword(s):

Tissue Culture ◽

Congo Red ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Susceptibility Pattern ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽

Biofilm Production ◽

Culture Plate ◽

Tissue Culture Plate

Abstract Background Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) survive as commensals of skin, anterior nares and external canals of human and were regarded as non-infectious pathogens. However, they are emerging as a major cause of nosocomial infectious due to their ability to form biofilms and high resistance to several classes of antibiotics. This study examines the biofilm forming abilities of 214 clinical CNS isolates using phenotypic and genotypic methods, and determines their antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Methods A total of 214 clinical isolates collected from different clinical samples were identified as CNS and their antibiotic susceptibility determined by CLSI guidelines. The biofilm forming ability of all isolates was determined by three phenotypic methods; Congo red agar (CRA) method, tube adherence method (TM) and tissue culture plate (TCP) method and by genotypic method for the detection of icaAD genes. Results Among all the isolates, S. epidermidis (57.5%) was found the most frequently, followed by S. saprophyticus (18.7%), S. haemolyticus (11.2%), S. hominis (7%), and S. capitis (5.6%). Antibiotic susceptibility pattern demonstrated 91.6% isolates were resistant to penicillin and 66.8% to cefoxitin while 91.1% isolates were susceptible to chloramphenicol. Constitutive and inducible clindamycin resistant phenotype as measured by D-test was seen among 28% and 14.5% of isolates respectively. Tissue culture plate method detected biofilm production in 42.1% isolate followed by 31.8% through tube method while 20.1% isolates were found to produce slime in Congo red agar method. The genotypic assay revealed presence of icaA and icaD genes in 19.2% isolates. Conclusion The study shows a high prevalence of biofilm formation and inducible clindamycin resistance in CNS isolates, indicating the importance of in-vitro biofilm production test and D-test in routine laboratory diagnostics. Implementation of efficient diagnostic techniques for detection of biofilm production in clinical samples can help manage staphylococcal infections and minimize risks of treatment failures in hospitals.

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