scholarly journals Use of image analysis for the study of phenolic compounds of the grape berry skin (Vitis vinifera L., cv Cabernet franc)

OENO One ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Michel Chevalier ◽  
Emilie Perrochon ◽  
A. Clement ◽  
Anne-Laure Dubot ◽  
Marie Tellier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Berry Skin ◽  
Good Tool ◽  
Histological Techniques ◽  
Berry Skins ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
Scion Image

<p style="text-align: justify;">The localization and quantitative determination of phenolics in grape berry skins, from the onset of veraison, constitute the first step to understand the évolution of these compounds throughout the maturation process. Histological techniques are appropriate to study the evolution of phenolics but manual countings are long and drudgery and do not allow for reliable quantitative results. The image analysis software "Scion Image" proved to be a good tool to improve the quantitative results. This method permitted also to measure the cells area and the area occupied by phenolic compounds inside the vacuoles. Image analysis could be helpful to the understanding of the évolution of phenolics during maturation and possibly contribute to explain their extraction during macération.</p>

scholarly journals Preharvest Chitosan and Postharvest UV Irradiation Treatments Suppress Gray Mold of Table Grapes

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Romanazzi ◽  
F. Mlikota Gabler ◽  
J. L. Smilanick
Keyword(s):  
Chitinase Activity ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Thompson Seedless ◽  
Berry Skin ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Ultraviolet C ◽  
Berry Skins ◽  
Uv C

The effectiveness of chitosan treatment of table grapes, alone or in combination with ultraviolet-C (UV-C) radiation, to control postharvest gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea, was determined in California, United States. The influence of these treatments on catechin and resveratrol contents and chitinase activity in grape berry skins also was assessed. Clusters of cvs. Thompson Seedless, Autumn Black, and Emperor were sprayed in the vineyard with 1% chitosan, then harvested daily for 5 days. Promptly after harvest, they were inoculated with B. cinerea. Decay incidence and disease severity were significantly reduced by chitosan, which was most effective on berries harvested 1 or 2 days after treatment. In another experiment, grape berries were sprayed in the vineyard with chitosan, harvested 2 days later, irradiated for 5 min with UV-C (0.36 J/cm2), and inoculated with B. cinerea 2 days later. Combined chitosan and UV-C treatments applied to cv. Autumn Black or selection B36-55 were synergistic in reducing gray mold incidence and severity compared with either treatment alone. Preharvest chitosan treatment increased neither concentration of catechin or resveratrol nor activity of chitinase in berry skin. Conversely, UV-C irradiation, alone or combined with chitosan treatment, induced catechin in cv. Autumn Black berries and trans-resveratrol in both cv. Autumn Black and selection B36-55.

scholarly journals Use of DMACA to visualise flavan-3-ols in grape berry skins (Vitis vinifera L., CV Cabernet Franc)

OENO One ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Michel Chevalier ◽  
Emilie Perrochon ◽  
Marie Tellier ◽  
Gérard Barbeau
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Toluidine Blue ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Major Group ◽  
Red Wines ◽  
Organoleptic Properties ◽  
Cabernet Franc ◽  
Berry Skins

<p style="text-align: justify;">Phenolic compounds are of great importance in Enology. They play a major role in the elaboration of red wines and during wine preservation, and contribute greatly to their organoleptic properties. Among them, flavonoïds constitute the major group present in berry skins. Their histological study is based classically on the use of Toluidine blue O as a staining agent, which is not specific of any type of phenolics. The use of DMACA (p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde), which is specific of tannins (flavan-3-ols), permitted to precise the localisation of these compounds without any risk of error ; it allowed also for the visualisation of tannins, stuck to the tonoplast, which had not been identified with Toluidine blue O.</p>

scholarly journals Leaf:fruit Ratio Affects the Proteomic Profile of Grape Berry Skins

2013 ◽  
Vol 138 (6) ◽  
pp. 416-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben-Hong Wu ◽  
Ning Niu ◽  
Ji-Hu Li ◽  
Shao-Hua Li
Keyword(s):  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Anthocyanin Synthesis ◽  
Berry Skin ◽  
Two Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Dihydroflavonol Reductase ◽  
Cell Defense ◽  
Berry Skins

The most obvious effects of a low leaf:fruit (LF) ratio [two leaves for one cluster per shoot (LF2)] on grape (Vitis vinifera) berries are suppressed anthocyanin biosynthesis in the berry skin, decreased berry weight and soluble solids concentration, and increased titratable acidity. In this study, proteins isolated from berry skins grown under low and high LF ratio conditions, LF2 and LF12, respectively, were characterized by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry. A survey of ≈600 to 700 spots from berry skin yielded 77 proteins with differential expression between LF12 and LF2 treatments. Of these, the 59 proteins that were identified consisted of 47 proteins that were down-regulated and 12 that were up-regulated under LF2 conditions compared with LF12 conditions. Most proteins involved in metabolism, energy, transcription, protein synthesis, binding function, signal transduction, and cell defense were down-regulated in LF2 berries, whereas two important enzymes of anthocyanin biosynthesis, chalcone synthase and dihydroflavonol reductase, were not detected. Only a few proteins (e.g., two heat shock proteins related to protein fate and nutrient reservoir storage protein) were found to be up-regulated in LF2 berries. This suggested that, with the exception of secondary metabolism, many proteomic events may have an effect on anthocyanin synthesis in the skins responding to LF.

scholarly journals Phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacities in grape berry skin, seed and stems of six winegrape varieties grown in Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
Hande Tahmaz Karaman ◽  
Damla Yüksel Küskü ◽  
Gökhan Söylemezoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Red Wine ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Wine Grape ◽  
Berry Skin ◽  
Total Anthocyanin ◽  
Total Phenolic Compound ◽  
Grape Varieties

In this study, seeds, skins and stems of the red wine grape varieties Boğazkere, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Nero d’Avola, Sangiovese and Syrah grown in Turkey were analysed for their phenolic compounds. The highest total phenolic compound and DPPH were found in the stem of Boğazkere respectively as 62550 mg GAE/kg dw and 614 µmol/g dw; the highest ABTS•+, (+)-catechin, (–)-epicatechin were detected in the seed of Nero d’Avola respectively as 617 µmol trolox/g dw, 8650 mg/kg and 1902 mg/kg dw; the highest total anthocyanin and rutin were measured in the skin of Boğazkere respectively as 143.52 mg/kg dw and 9692 mg/kg dw; the highest quercetin was found in the seed of Boğazkere as 49.21 mg/kg dw and the highest trans-resveratrol was measured in the stem of Syrah as 61.56 mg/kg dw.

An Improved Quantitative Image Analyser

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 226-227
Author(s):  
J.P. Fallon ◽  
P.J. Gregory ◽  
C.J. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Frequency Content ◽  
General Sense ◽  
Physical Measurements ◽  
Quantitative Image ◽  
Image Analyser ◽  
Automatic Methods ◽  
Quantitative Results

Quantitative image analysis systems have been used for several years in research and quality control applications in various fields including metallurgy and medicine. The technique has been applied as an extension of subjective microscopy to problems requiring quantitative results and which are amenable to automatic methods of interpretation.Feature extraction. In the most general sense, a feature can be defined as a portion of the image which differs in some consistent way from the background. A feature may be characterized by the density difference between itself and the background, by an edge gradient, or by the spatial frequency content (texture) within its boundaries. The task of feature extraction includes recognition of features and encoding of the associated information for quantitative analysis.Quantitative Analysis. Quantitative analysis is the determination of one or more physical measurements of each feature. These measurements may be straightforward ones such as area, length, or perimeter, or more complex stereological measurements such as convex perimeter or Feret's diameter.

Gender determination of caucasoid hair using image analysis

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 216-217
Author(s):  
T.B. Ball ◽  
W.M. Hess
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Scalp Hair ◽  
The Body ◽  
Equivalent Diameter ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Morphological Differences

It has been demonstrated that cross sections of bundles of hair can be effectively studied using image analysis. These studies can help to elucidate morphological differences of hair from one region of the body to another. The purpose of the present investigation was to use image analysis to determine whether morphological differences could be demonstrated between male and female human Caucasian terminal scalp hair.Hair samples were taken from the back of the head from 18 caucasoid males and 13 caucasoid females (Figs. 1-2). Bundles of 50 hairs were processed for cross-sectional examination and then analyzed using Prism Image Analysis software on a Macintosh llci computer. Twenty morphological parameters of size and shape were evaluated for each hair cross-section. The size parameters evaluated were area, convex area, perimeter, convex perimeter, length, breadth, fiber length, width, equivalent diameter, and inscribed radius. The shape parameters considered were formfactor, roundness, convexity, solidity, compactness, aspect ratio, elongation, curl, and fractal dimension.

A quantitative image analysis method for the determination of cocontinuity in polymer blends

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 894-895
Author(s):  
William A. Heeschen
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Polymer Blends ◽  
Quantitative Measurement ◽  
Morphological Evolution ◽  
Phase Ratio ◽  
Irregular Shapes ◽  
Quantitative Image ◽  
Discrete Domains ◽  
A Domains

Two new morphological measurements based on digital image analysis, CoContinuity and CoContinuity Balance, have been developed and implemented for quantitative measurement of morphology in polymer blends. The morphology of polymer blends varies with phase ratio, composition and processing. A typical morphological evolution for increasing phase ratio of polymer A to polymer B starts with discrete domains of A in a matrix of B (A/B < 1), moves through a cocontinuous distribution of A and B (A/B ≈ 1) and finishes with discrete domains of B in a matrix of A (A/B > 1). For low phase ratios, A is often seen as solid convex particles embedded in the continuous B phase. As the ratio increases, A domains begin to evolve into irregular shapes, though still recognizable as separate domains. Further increase in the phase ratio leads to A domains which extend into and surround the B phase while the B phase simultaneously extends into and surrounds the A phase.

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