scholarly journals How Visual Word Decoding and Context-driven Auditory Semantic Integration Contribute to Reading: A Test of Additive vs. Multiplicative Models

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Li ◽  
Hongbing Xing ◽  
Linjun Zhang ◽  
Hua Shu ◽  
Yang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Middle School Students ◽  
Chinese Character ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Semantic Integration ◽  
Future Research ◽  
School Students ◽  
Speech In Noise ◽  
Essential Components

Theories of reading comprehension emphasize decoding and listening comprehension as two essential components. The current study aimed to investigate how Chinese character decoding and context-driven auditory semantic integration contribute to reading comprehension in Chinese middle school students. Seventy-five middle school students were tested. Context-driven auditory semantic integration was assessed with speech-in-noise tests in which the fundamental frequency (F0) contours of spoken sentences were either kept natural or acoustically flattened with the latter requiring a higher degree of contextual information. Statistical modelling with hierarchical regression was conducted to examine the contributions of Chinese character decoding and context-driven auditory semantic integration to reading comprehension. Performance on Chinese character decoding and auditory semantic integration scores with the flattened (but not natural) F0 sentences significantly predicted reading comprehension. Furthermore, the contributions of these two factors to reading comprehension were better fitted with an additive model instead of a multiplicative model. These findings indicate that reading comprehension in middle schoolers is associated with not only character decoding but also the listening ability to make better use of the sentential context for semantic integration in a severely degraded speech-in-noise condition. The results add to our better understanding of the multi-faceted reading comprehension in children. Future research could further address the age-dependent development and maturation of reading skills by examining and controlling other important cognitive variables, and apply neuroimaging techniques such as functional magmatic resonance imaging to reveal the neural substrates for the contribution of auditory semantic integration and the observed additive model to reading comprehension.

scholarly journals How Visual Word Decoding and Context-Driven Auditory Semantic Integration Contribute to Reading Comprehension: A Test of Additive vs. Multiplicative Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 830
Author(s):  
Yu Li ◽  
Hongbing Xing ◽  
Linjun Zhang ◽  
Hua Shu ◽  
Yang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Middle School Students ◽  
Chinese Character ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Semantic Integration ◽  
Future Research ◽  
School Students ◽  
Speech In Noise ◽  
Essential Components

Theories of reading comprehension emphasize decoding and listening comprehension as two essential components. The current study aimed to investigate how Chinese character decoding and context-driven auditory semantic integration contribute to reading comprehension in Chinese middle school students. Seventy-five middle school students were tested. Context-driven auditory semantic integration was assessed with speech-in-noise tests in which the fundamental frequency (F0) contours of spoken sentences were either kept natural or acoustically flattened, with the latter requiring a higher degree of contextual information. Statistical modeling with hierarchical regression was conducted to examine the contributions of Chinese character decoding and context-driven auditory semantic integration to reading comprehension. Performance in Chinese character decoding and auditory semantic integration scores with the flattened (but not natural) F0 sentences significantly predicted reading comprehension. Furthermore, the contributions of these two factors to reading comprehension were better fitted with an additive model instead of a multiplicative model. These findings indicate that reading comprehension in middle schoolers is associated with not only character decoding but also the listening ability to make better use of the sentential context for semantic integration in a severely degraded speech-in-noise condition. The results add to our better understanding of the multi-faceted reading comprehension in children. Future research could further address the age-dependent development and maturation of reading skills by examining and controlling other important cognitive variables, and apply neuroimaging techniques such as functional magmatic resonance imaging and electrophysiology to reveal the neural substrates and neural oscillatory patterns for the contribution of auditory semantic integration and the observed additive model to reading comprehension.

Changes in Middle School Students’ Motivation Toward Physical Education Over One School Year

2009 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 378-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zan Gao ◽  
Amelia M. Lee ◽  
Melinda A. Solmon ◽  
Tao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Middle School Students ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Educational Practice ◽  
Future Research ◽  
School Students ◽  
Task Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Over Time

This study investigated the relationships and mean-level changes of middle school students’ motivation (expectancy-related beliefs, task values, self-efficacy, and outcome expectancy) toward physical education over time, and how gender affected students’ motivation. Participants (N = 206) completed questionnaires over a 1-year period: once in the sixth and seventh grades and again in the seventh and eighth grades. Results yielded that self-efficacy and task values were positive predictors of students’ intention across cohorts. The mean levels of self-efficacy decreased over time for students in Cohort 1 (across sixth and seventh grades). However, results revealed a consistent decline in the mean levels of other motivational variables for both cohorts. No gender differences emerged for the variables. The findings are discussed in regard to the implications for educational practice, and future research areas are presented.

Middle School Students’ Expectations about Counseling

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 2156759X0701000
Author(s):  
Cheryl Moore-Thomas ◽  
Robert W. Lent
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Middle School Students ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Counseling Services ◽  
Late Adolescent ◽  
School Students ◽  
Counseling Expectations

Although counseling expectations have been studied in late adolescent and adult samples, little is known about younger adolescents’ openness to counseling and perceptions of the counseling process. In this study, 329 middle school students completed the Expectations About Counseling Questionnaire–Brief Form (Tinsley, 1982). An exploratory factor analysis indicated support for a two-factor structure, consisting of expectations about (a) the student's role and (b) the school counselor's role. Implications are considered for future research and practical efforts to enable young adolescents to benefit more fully from responsive counseling services.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of multiple intelligence based differentiated instruction on metacognitive reading comprehension in Arabic language among middle school students in Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (26) ◽  
pp. 158-166
Author(s):  
Abdullah Mohammed Alsubaie
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Middle School Students ◽  
Differentiated Instruction ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
T Test ◽  
Multiple Intelligence ◽  
Anova Analysis ◽  
School Students

Identifying an effective instructional strategy, such as this of multiple intelligence based differentiated instruction to teach metacognitive reading comprehension is a goal for educators. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of multiple intelligence based differentiated instruction on metacognitive reading comprehension in Arabic language among middle school students in Saudi Arabia. The sample consisted of 61 third year- middle school students , from Ibn Sina Middle school for boys , in Al-Kharj Governorate , Saudi Arabia. They were from two classrooms. They aged 14-15 years old ( M= 14.9 years , SD= 0.621) . For the purpose of this study and for analyzing the data from the pre- and post-test, the author used two way ANOVA analysis and t-test. Two way. ANOVA analysis and t-test results indicated the effectiveness of multiple intelligence based differentiated instruction on metacognitive reading comprehension in Arabic language among middle school students in Saudi Arabia.

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