The role of Vitamin D in the prevention of pregnancy complications and childhood diseases in the first year of life

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 114-123
Author(s):  
E.V. Shikh ◽  
◽  
A.A. Makhova ◽  
Zh.M. Sizova ◽  
N.V. Shikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Childhood Diseases ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
First Year Of Life

Vitamin D status during pregnancy has an impact on fetal growth and development and plays an important role in the prevention of pregnancy complications. Fetal vitamin D supplementation is completely dependent on maternal status, which explains the high correlation between 25(OH)D concentrations in maternal and umbilical cord blood. Adequate vitamin D supplementation in pregnant women is associated with a decreased risk of preterm birth and low birth weight. Most newborns, regardless of gestational age, have insufficient vitamin D levels. Thus, the problem of Vitamin D supplementation is relevant not only for pregnant women, but also for newborns. Research studies of recent years have aimed at comparing the efficacy of Vitamin D dosing to prevent pregnancy complications. Doses higher than 4000 IU have virtually no effect on the risk of preeclampsia compared with doses of 4000 IU or less. Administration of Vitamin D in doses less than 2000 IU per day reduces the risk of low birth weight, intrauterine or neonatal mortality. Doses higher than 2000 IU have no additional benefit. Recommendations for vitamin D supplementation based on objective pharmacokinetic characteristics should be developed. Key words: pregnancy, vitamin D, doses, preterm birth, gestational diabetes, preeclampsia

Questioning the adequacy of standardized vitamin D supplementation protocol in very low birth weight infants: a prospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hatice Sarıdemir ◽  
Ozge Surmeli Onay ◽  
Ozge Aydemir ◽  
Ayse Neslihan Tekin
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Vlbw Infants ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

Abstract Objectives Preterm infants are at increased risk for vitamin D deficiency (VDD). We aimed to assess the adequacy of standardized vitamin D supplementation protocol in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Additionally, vitamin D status of mother/infant couples and the associations between vitamin D status at birth and morbidities of the infants were investigated. Methods In this single-center, prospective cohort study blood samples were collected from 55 mothers just before delivery and from their infants at birth and on the 30th day of life (DOL) for 25 hydroxy vitamin D (25OHD) measurements. Vitamin D was initiated in dose of 160 IU/kg by parenteral nutrition on the first DOL and oral vitamin D supplementation (400 IU/day) was administered when enteral feedings reached 50% of total intake or on the 15th DOL. Results The median 25OHD levels of the infants were 16.12 (9.14–20.50) in cord blood and 36.32 (31.10–44.44) in venous blood on the 30th DOL (p<0.01). In 98% of the VLBW infants 25OHD reached sufficient levels on the 30th DOL. None of the mothers had sufficient vitamin D levels (25OHD >30 ng/mL). Maternal 25OHD levels were correlated with the 25OHD levels of the infants in cord blood (r=0.665, p<0.001). There was a significant difference in mean cord 25OHD levels between winter (13.65 ± 5.69 ng/mL) and summer seasons (19.58 ± 11.67 ng/mL) (p=0.021). No association was found between neonatal morbidity and vitamin D status. Conclusions The results clearly show that by utilizing the current supplementation protocol, the majority of VLBW infants with deficient/insufficient serum 25OHD levels reached sufficient levels on the 30th DOL. Furthermore, vitamin D levels in mother/infant couples were found to be highly correlated.

scholarly journals Vitamin D supplementation to improve pregnancy and perinatal outcomes: an overview of 42 systematic reviews

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e032626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liza Bialy ◽  
Tanis Fenton ◽  
Jocelyn Shulhan-Kilroy ◽  
David W Johnson ◽  
Deborah A McNeil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

ObjectiveTo review the evidence to assess effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy and associations of serum vitamin D levels with perinatal outcomes.DesignOverview of systematic reviews (SRs).Data sourcesSearches conducted in January 2019: Ovid Medline (1946–), Cochrane Library databases.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesTwo reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts, and full texts using predefined inclusion criteria: SRs evaluating vitamin D supplementation in pregnant women and/or examining the association between serum vitamin D levels reporting at least one predefined perinatal outcome. Only SRs with high AMSTAR scores were analysed.Data extraction and synthesisData were extracted independently by one reviewer and checked by a second. Results were assessed for quality independently by two reviewers using GRADE criteria.ResultsThirteen SRs were included, synthesising evidence from 204 unique primary studies. SRs of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with the highest level of evidence showed no significant benefit from vitamin D in terms of preterm birth (RR 1.00 (95% CI 0.77, 1.30); high quality), pre-eclampsia (RR 0.91 (0.45, 1.86); low quality), gestational diabetes (RR 0.65 (0.39, 1.08); very low quality), stillbirth (RR 0.75 (0.50, 1.12); high quality), low birth weight (RR 0.74 (0.47, 1.16); low quality), caesarean section (RR 1.02 (0.93, 1.12); high quality). A significant difference was found for small for gestational age (RR 0.72 (0.52, 0.99); low quality). SRs of observational studies showed associations between vitamin D levels and preterm birth (RR 1.19 (1.08, 1.31); moderate quality), pre-eclampsia (RR 1.57 (1.21, 2.03) for 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25 (OH)D)<50 nmol/L subgroup; low quality), gestational diabetes (RR 1.12 (1.02, 1.22) for 25 (OH)D<50 nmol/L and RR 1.09 (1.03, 1.15)<75 nmol/L; moderate quality) and small for gestational age (RR 1.35 (1.18, 1.54)<50 nmol/L; low quality). SRs showed mixed results for associations between vitamin D and low birth weight (very low quality) and caesarean section (very low quality).ConclusionThere is some evidence from SRs of observational studies for associations between vitamin D serum levels and some outcomes; however SRs examining effectiveness from RCTs showed no effect of vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy with the exception of one predefined outcome, which had low quality evidence. Credibility of the evidence in this field is compromised by study limitations (in particular, the possibility of confounding among observational studies), inconsistency, imprecision and potential for reporting and publication biases.

scholarly journals High Prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency among normotensive and hypertensive pregnant women in Ghana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Ahenkorah Fondjo ◽  
Worlanyo Tashie ◽  
William K. B. A. Owiredu ◽  
Enoch Appiah Adu-Gyamfi ◽  
Laila Seidu
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Background: Hypovitaminosis D in pregnancy is associated with adverse health outcomes in mothers, newborns and infants. This study assessed the levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in normotensive pregnancies and pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia, and evaluated the association between vitamin D deficiency and foeto-maternal outcome. Methods: This case-control study was conducted among pregnant women who visited the Comboni Hospital, in Ghana from January 2017 to May 2018 for antenatal care. A total of 180 pregnant women comprising 88 preeclamptic women (PE) and 92 healthy normotensive pregnant women (NP) were recruited. Socio-demographic, clinical and obstetric data were obtained using validated questionnaires. Blood pressure and anthropometrics were measured, and blood samples were collected for the estimation of 25(OH)D using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. Lipids (total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol) and were also estimated. Results: A total of 81.7% of the study participants had vitamin D deficiency. Of these, 88.6% of the women with PE had vitamin D deficiency compared to 75.0% in the NP. Vitamin D levels was significantly reduced in the PE women compared to the normotensive pregnant women (p=0.001). A higher proportion of the preeclamptic women who were vitamin D deficient had preterm delivery (p < 0:0001) and delivered low birth weight infants (p < 0:0001), and infants with IUGR (p < 0:0001) compared to the control group (p < 0:0001). Pregnant women with PE presented with significant dyslipidaemia, evidenced by significantly elevated TC (p=0.008), LDL (p<0.0001), triglycerides (p=0.017) and a significantly reduced HDL (p=0.001) as compared to NP. In the preeclamptic women, serum 25(OH)D showed an inverse, but not significant association with TC (β= -0.087, p=0.464), TG (β= -0.143, p=0.233) and LDL (β= -0.101, p=0.388) and a positive, but not significant association with HDL (β= 0.166, p=0.154). Conclusion: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is high in both normotensive pregnancies and pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia but amplified in preeclampsia. Higher proportion of pregnant women with hypovitaminosis D had preterm babies and delivered low birth weight neonates. Additional studies are needed to explore the potential benefits and optimal dosing of vitamin D use in pregnancy especially in sub-Saharan Africa.

scholarly journals A study of vitamin D levels and associated deficiency in pregnancy and its effect on maternal and fetal outcome

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Anupama Dave ◽  
Monica Verma ◽  
Neelam Jain ◽  
Atisha Dave
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Causal Relation ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Low Birth Weight Babies

Background: From conception the embryo is dependent on the mother for all nutritional requirements until birth. Vitamin D deficiencies have adverse effect on pregnancy outcome result in poor growth, prematurity, NTD, even congenital anomalies. The aim and objectives of the study was to assess the prevalence of deficiencies among pregnant woman attending M.Y. Hospital and assess the correlation with the pregnancy complications.Methods: Total 110 patients were studied for vitamin d levels and associated obstetrical complications and risk factors over a period of six months. 53 pregnant women were found to be deficient with vitamin D.Results: 53 pregnant women out of total of 110 were deficient in vitamin D levels. Maximum patients belonged to group (21-30yr) of age. Vitamin D deficiency was more in housewives (65.3%) and in urban(86.8%). Low birth weight<2.5kg were born 50(45.5%) and 2 IUD. 2 were diagnosed NTD in USG reports. 80% low birth weight babies were born in vitamin D deficient women.Conclusions: Our study fails to show a causal relation between low vitamin D level and adverse maternal and fetal outcome in terms of preeclampsia, cesarean delivery, oligo and diabetes. There was a relation between vitamin D deficiency and low birth weight babies.

Advanced Maternal Age and Adverse Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes in Pregnant Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Omani-Samani ◽  
Saman Maroufizadeh ◽  
Nafise Saedi ◽  
Nasim Shokouhi ◽  
Arezoo Esmailzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancy ◽  
Advanced Maternal Age ◽  
Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
Maternal And Neonatal Outcomes

Background: Advanced maternal age is an important predictor for maternal and neonatal outcomes such as maternal mortality, low birth weight, stillbirth, preterm birth, cesarean section and preeclampsia. Objective: To determine the association of advanced maternal age and adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes in Iranian pregnant women. Methods: In this hospital-based cross-sectional study, 5117 pregnant women from 103 hospitals in Tehran, Iran, were participated in the study in 2015. The required data were gathered from hospitals which equipped to the department of obstetrics and gynecology. Advanced maternal age was considered as an independent variable and unwanted pregnancy, preeclampsia, preterm birth, cesarean section and low birth weight were considered as interested outcomes. Results: In our study, the prevalence of advanced maternal age was 12.08%. Advanced maternal age was significantly associated with higher risk of unwanted pregnancy (OR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.12-1.73), preterm birth (OR: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.28- 2.39) and cesarean section (OR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.03-1.74). In our study, there was no significant relationship between advanced maternal age and preeclampsia but this relationship could be clinically important (OR: 1.48, 95% CI: 0.99-2.20, P=0.052), and there is no significant relationship between advanced maternal age and low birth weight (OR: 1.08, 95% CI: 0.67-1.74, P=0.736). Conclusion: Advanced maternal age is associated with higher risk of unintended pregnancy, preterm birth and cesarean section but our findings did not support advanced maternal age as a risk factor associated with low birth weight.

scholarly journals 3532 Vitamin D assay utilization and outcomes in pregnant women in an urban safety net medical center: a retrospective cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (s1) ◽  
pp. 30-30
Author(s):  
Grace Hyojung Yoon ◽  
Michael Holick ◽  
Arash Hossein
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Urban Safety ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Boston Medical

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: The goals of this retrospective cohort study is threefold: 1) to assess how many pregnant women at Boston Medical Center from 2012 to 2017 have had their vitamin D status checked prior to and during pregnancy, 2) determine associations between vitamin D levels, birth outcomes and demographics and 3) assess how many of those found to have lower than satisfactory vitamin D levels (<30ng/mL) received interventions, including receiving vitamin D supplementation and/or being referred to an appropriate specialist such as an endocrinologist or a nutritionist. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Our study population is mothers over age 18 who received care at Boston Medical Center during their pregnancy from 2012 to 2017. Our primary outcomes are vitamin D utilization rates and associations between vitamin D levels with clinical outcomes during pregnancy and at birth. Secondary outcomes are demographic predictors of mothers who receive vitamin D testing and those who have complications associated with low vitamin D. We will conduct multiple linear regressions to check for associations between vitamin D levels, birth outcomes and demographic variables. We will adjust vitamin D levels with maternal BMI. De-identified clinical data was gathered from Boston University Medical Center’s (BUMC) Clinical Data Warehouse. This retrospective study was approved with a HIPAA waiver by the BUMC Institutional Data Warehouse. All statistical analysis was completed using SAS version 9.4 and was primarily done by the student PI and reviewed by Dr. Hossein, the co-investigator who is trained as a statistician and geneticist. The team also utilized Boston University’s Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Research Design (BERD) team to check the feasibility of the statistical methods. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We anticipate that our descriptive demographic data will reflect the medical center’s predominantly black/Hispanic and low-income profile. Based on previous literature, we expect low vitamin D levels to have positive associations with gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia, and preterm birth. Analyses are currently actively in progress and we expect to have results before the ACTS conference date in March, 2019. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Vitamin D is an essential part of the human body system. It is well documented in current literature that vitamin D is correlated with bone health, mental health and maternal health. Moreover, there is evidence that maternal vitamin D supplementation prevents vitamin D deficiency in newborns. Previous literature suggests that low vitamin D may be associated with gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia, and pre-term births. Boston Medical Center is Massachusetts’ largest urban medical center and acts as its only safety-net hospital, serving predominantly low-income and socially marginalized patient populations. There is limited existing research on assessment of maternal vitamin D in urban hospital settings. Pregnant women rarely receive vitamin D screenings as part of their prenatal checkups as current national and regional guidelines do not require pregnant women to be screened for vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency. The results will demonstrate the potential effects vitamin D supplementation, or lack thereof, in expectant mothers living in urban, safety net communities. We hope to inform prenatal care practices and attitudes of vitamin D supplementation in maternal health with the results of our study.

scholarly journals Effect of per Capita Income on the Relationship between Periodontal Disease during Pregnancy and the Risk of Preterm Birth and Low Birth Weight Newborn. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 8015
Author(s):  
Carmen Alba Moliner-Sánchez ◽  
José Enrique Iranzo-Cortés ◽  
José Manuel Almerich-Silla ◽  
Carlos Bellot-Arcís ◽  
José Carmelo Ortolá-Siscar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Income Level ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Per Capita

This work analyzed the available evidence in the scientific literature about the risk of preterm birth and/or giving birth to low birth weight newborns in pregnant women with periodontal disease. A systematic search was carried out in three databases for observational cohort studies that related periodontal disease in pregnant women with the risk of preterm delivery and/or low birth weight, and that gave their results in relative risk (RR) values. Eleven articles were found, meeting the inclusion criteria. Statistically significant values were obtained regarding the risk of preterm birth in pregnant women with periodontitis (RR = 1.67 (1.17–2.38), 95% confidence interval (CI)), and low birth weight (RR = 2.53 (1.61–3.98) 95% CI). When a meta-regression was carried out to relate these results to the income level of each country, statistically significant results were also obtained; on the one hand, for preterm birth, a RR = 1.8 (1.43–2.27) 95% CI was obtained and, on the other hand, for low birth weight, RR = 2.9 (1.98–4.26) 95% CI. A statistically significant association of periodontitis, and the two childbirth complications studied was found, when studying the association between these results and the country’s per capita income level. However, more studies and clinical trials are needed in this regard to confirm the conclusions obtained.

The correlation between vitamin D and maternal/infant outcomes, inflammatory response in pregnant women

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yarong Wei ◽  
Xinye Jiang ◽  
Ting Qiu ◽  
Jinyan Fu ◽  
Heng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Spontaneous Abortion ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Premature Delivery ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

Abstract Purposes To analyze the effects of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women on common adverse pregnancy outcomes and small for gestational age (SGA) and to detect the expression of inflammatory factors in pregnant women to provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women. Methods Serum samples from pregnant women from January 2015 to December 2015 were collected to measure the 25-(OH)D level. The effects of maternal age, pregnancy, season, parity and temperature on vitamin D levels in pregnant women were recorded. Then, the relationship between vitamin D levels and gestational diabetes mellitus, gestational hypertension, premature rupture of membranes, cesarean section, premature delivery and spontaneous abortion, and neonatal gestational age were analyzed. The expression of IL-6 and TNF-α in serum was detected by RT-PCR and western blot. Results The incidence of vitamin D deficiency, insufficiency and sufficiency in pregnant women in this region was 83.28%, 15.36% and 1.36%, respectively. Age, pregnancy, sampling season and parity were the influencing factors on vitamin D level, and multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that summer, autumn and temperature were protective factors for adequate vitamin D in pregnant women (P <0.05). Vitamin D levels in pregnant women were associated with preterm birth, spontaneous abortion and SGA. The incidences of preterm birth, spontaneous abortion and SGA were higher in the vitamin D deficiency group (P<0.05). ConclusionThe serum vitamin D level of pregnant women in this area is low and is affected by multiple factors such as age, pregnancy, season, parity and temperature. Low vitamin D levels can increase the risk of premature birth, spontaneous abortion and SGA in pregnant women, and its low expression is common. As it also leads to inflammation, increasing the level of vitamin D in the serum of pregnant women can effectively reduce the occurrence of related diseases.

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