Socioeconomic Inequality in Disability Among Adults: A Multicountry Study Using the World Health Survey

Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of mortality in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). TB multimorbidity [TB and ≥1 non-communicable diseases (NCDs)] is common, but studies are sparse. Cross-sectional, community-based data including adults from 21 low-income countries and 27 middle-income countries were utilized from the World Health Survey. Associations between 9 NCDs and TB were assessed with multivariable logistic regression analysis. Years lived with disability (YLDs) were calculated using disability weights provided by the 2017 Global Burden of Disease Study. Eight out of 9 NCDs (all except visual impairment) were associated with TB (odds ratio (OR) ranging from 1.38–4.0). Prevalence of self-reported TB increased linearly with increasing numbers of NCDs. Compared to those with no NCDs, those who had 1, 2, 3, 4, and ≥5 NCDs had 2.61 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.14–3.22), 4.71 (95%CI = 3.67–6.11), 6.96 (95%CI = 4.95–9.87), 10.59 (95%CI = 7.10–15.80), and 19.89 (95%CI = 11.13–35.52) times higher odds for TB. Among those with TB, the most prevalent combinations of NCDs were angina and depression, followed by angina and arthritis. For people with TB, the YLDs were three times higher than in people without multimorbidity or TB, and a third of the YLDs were attributable to NCDs. Urgent research to understand, prevent and manage NCDs in people with TB in LMICs is needed.

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Coverage of the Brazilian population 18 years and older by private health plans: an analysis of data from the World Health Survey

Cadernos de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/s0102-311x2005000700013 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 21 (suppl 1) ◽

pp. S119-S128 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Francisco Viacava ◽

Paulo Roberto Borges de Souza-Júnior ◽

Célia Landmann Szwarcwald

Keyword(s):

Health Survey ◽

Demographic Variables ◽

World Health ◽

Health Plans ◽

World Health Survey ◽

Self Rated Health ◽

The World ◽

Use Of Services ◽

Formal Employment ◽

Household Assets

This study analyzes data from the World Health Survey (WHS) conducted in 2003, with a sample of 5,000 individuals 18 years and older. Some 24.0% of the interviewees had private health insurance, and the main variables associated with private coverage were number of household assets, age, level of education, formal employment, living in municipalities with more than 50,000 inhabitants, and good self-rated health. The socioeconomic profiles of needs for and use of health services in the population covered by private health plans are different, confirming the findings of other studies reporting that this population segment as a whole presents better health conditions and greater use of services as compared to the population without private coverage, even after adjusting for socio-demographic variables and self-rated health. The WHS data also suggest that individuals with private health plans do not always use their insurance to pay for services, except in the case of mammograms.

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Sampling design for the World Health Survey in Brazil

Cadernos de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/s0102-311x2005000700010 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 21 (suppl 1) ◽

pp. S89-S99 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Mauricio Teixeira Leite de Vasconcellos ◽

Pedro Luis do Nascimento Silva ◽

Célia Landmann Szwarcwald

Keyword(s):

Health Survey ◽

Calibration Procedure ◽

World Health ◽

Sample Design ◽

World Health Survey ◽

Inclusion Probabilities ◽

The World ◽

Urban Rural ◽

Regional Estimates ◽

Respective Number

This paper describes the sample design used in the Brazilian application of the World Health Survey. The sample was selected in three stages. First, the census tracts were allocated in six strata defined by their urban/rural situation and population groups of the municipalities (counties). The tracts were selected using probabilities proportional to the respective number of households. In the second stage, households were selected with equiprobability using an inverse sample design to ensure 20 households interviewed per tract. In the last stage, one adult (18 years or older) per household was selected with equiprobability to answer the majority of the questionnaire. Sample weights were based on the inverse of the inclusion probabilities in the sample. To reduce bias in regional estimates, a household weighting calibration procedure was used to reduce sample bias in relation to income, sex, and age group.

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Access to care and medicines, burden of health care expenditures, and risk protection: Results from the World Health Survey

Health Policy ◽

10.1016/j.healthpol.2010.08.004 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 100 (2-3) ◽

pp. 151-158 ◽

Cited By ~ 77

Author(s):

Anita K. Wagner ◽

Amy Johnson Graves ◽

Sheila K. Reiss ◽

Robert LeCates ◽

Fang Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Access To Care ◽

Health Survey ◽

Health Care Expenditures ◽

World Health ◽

World Health Survey ◽

The World ◽

Risk Protection

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National income, self-reported wheezing and asthma diagnosis from the World Health Survey

European Respiratory Journal ◽

10.1183/09031936.00027509 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 279-286 ◽

Cited By ~ 58

Author(s):

G. Sembajwe ◽

M. Cifuentes ◽

S. W. Tak ◽

D. Kriebel ◽

R. Gore ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Survey ◽

National Income ◽

World Health ◽

Asthma Diagnosis ◽

World Health Survey ◽

The World

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Fifty years of violent war deaths from Vietnam to Bosnia: analysis of data from the world health survey programme

BMJ ◽

10.1136/bmj.a137 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 336 (7659) ◽

pp. 1482-1486 ◽

Cited By ~ 61

Author(s):

Ziad Obermeyer ◽

Christopher J L Murray ◽

Emmanuela Gakidou

Keyword(s):

Health Survey ◽

World Health ◽

World Health Survey ◽

The World

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Catastrophic Health Expenditure Before and After of the Implementation of Health Sector Evolution Plan

10.1101/2020.09.28.20202838 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Razieh Ahmadi ◽

Milad Shafii ◽

Hosein Ameri ◽

Roohollah Askari ◽

Hossein Fallahzadeh

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Model ◽

Health Survey ◽

Logistic Regression Model ◽

Economic Status ◽

World Health ◽

World Health Survey ◽

Face To Face ◽

Single Visit ◽

The World

Objective: Methods: The data was collected through face-to-face interview during a single visit. The World Health Survey (WHS) questionnaire was completed by 400 households. The relationships between CHE and variables were examined by the Fisher exact tests, and the impacts of variables on CHE were assessed by logistic regression model. Methods: The data was collected through face-to-face interview during a single visit. The World Health Survey (WHS) questionnaire was completed by 400 households. The relationships between CHE and variables were examined by the Fisher exact tests, and the impacts of variables on CHE were assessed by logistic regression model. Results: The exposure of the households to CHE increased from 8.2% in 2011 to 14.25% in 2020, and percentage of the impoverished households due to health expenditures in 2020 was more than that in 2011(4.3% vs. 7.5%). The economic status, dental services and inpatients services were the key factor determining CHE. The most important determinant affecting the exposure to CHE was dental service utilization in 2011(92.64) and 2020(122.68). Conclusion: The results showed a negative incremental change for the households facing CHE in this period. The dental and inpatients services, as well as the presence of member ≥65 years and economic status were the key determining factors for CHE. The services need to be more widely covered by the basic health insurance and households having members ≥65 years and the poor households should be exempted from paying some of the healthcare expenditures for improving financial protection against CHE.

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