scholarly journals Sludge worms species (Oligochaeta: Naididae: Tubificinae) From Different Aquatic Habitat in Baghdad / Iraq

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Tubifex Tubifex ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Drainage Canal ◽  
Branchiura Sowerbyi ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Tigris River ◽  
Limnodrilus Hoffmeisteri ◽  
Individual Number ◽  
Study Sites

The present investigation is concerned primarily with sorting and identification of subfamily Tubificinae from River Tigris and some water surface in Baghdad /Iraq . For this purpose six study sites were chosen, including a Al- Kadhemyia drainage canal, North Baghdad; three sites on the shore of River Tigris; in addition to site in Al-Jaish canal , East Baghdad, finally the sixth site was from pond in Al-Zawra'a park , within the center of Baghdad .These sites were characterized by sediment rang from clay, silty-clay to silty with a percentage of organic matter ranged between 0.7% - 9.9% . According to water temperature, salinity and pH values, they were nearly identical in all study sites, the water temperature was ranged through the study period between 12.5 – 300 C , while electrical conductivity and salinity values were ranged beteen 733.5-1227.5 ?s ,which equivalent to 0.469-0.787 ‰ salinity. All sites were slightly alkaline ,so the pH values were ranged between 7.5-8.1. 3628 individuals were sorted from 24 samples collected from different study sites.. Twelve species were identified belonging to seven genera, including , Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, L. claparedeianus, .L. profundicola, . L.udekemianus , L. silvani, Tubifex tubifex, Branchiura sowerbyi, Potamothrix. 2013 )2( ???? ????? ?????? ???? 10 982 bavaricus, , P. hammoniensis, Psammoryctide moravicus, Monopylephorus irroratus, and Rhyacodrilus coccineus. The result revealed that Al-Jaish canal and Tigris River / al-Sarafyia were considered as the richest sites according to the number of species recorded, where 8 species were recorded in each of them, but Al-Jaish canal had higher individual number of 1346 individuals , followed by Al-Kadhemyia drainage canal recorded only three species with high total individual number of 606 individual. The lowest total individual number was recorded in Tigris River / Al- Zaafaranyia of 326 individual. L. hoffmeisteri, records higher individuals number of 1870 individual , followed by B. sowerbyi which records 946 individual. Both species recorded highest percentage occurance of 100% followed by 79.16% recorded by L. profundicola. High densities of Tubificinae were recorded during all study period. The highest density was during March-April, reached between 2109 -534.9 ind/m2 in Tigris River sites , 7270.5 ind/m2 in Al-Jaish canal and 2419.8 ind/m2 in Al-Zawra'a pond. The .results of relative abundance revealed that L. hoffmeisteri was the dominant species in site Tigris River/Al- Jaderyia, and abundant in other study sites. B. sowerbyi was abundant in all study sites, while other species were recorded between few to rare species except L. udekemianus which was abundant in site Al-Jaish canal, and T. tubifex in site Tigris River / Al- Zaafaranyia.

scholarly journals Checklist of Aquatic Oligochaetes Species in Tigris–Euphrates River basin

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1397-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Single Species ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Tubifex Tubifex ◽  
Euphrates River ◽  
Tigris River ◽  
Limnodrilus Hoffmeisteri ◽  
Frequent Species ◽  
Aquatic Oligochaetes ◽  
Stylaria Lacustris ◽  
Tubificid Worms

A total of 60 species of aquatic oligochaetes were identified in different sites within Tigris-Euphrates basin / Iraq, including River Tigris, River Euphrates, Southern marshes ( Al-Haweiza , Al-Hammar and Al-Chebaiesh ) , Shutt Al-Germa, and Shatt Al-Arab. In River Euphrates 39 species were identified, 40 species from River Tigris and 32 species from Shatt-Al-Arab and southern marshes.The identified species were classified as four species of Family Aeolosomatidae, 54 species of Naididae ( 31 Naidinae , 8 Pristininae and 15 Tubificid worms), one species of each of Lumbriculidae ( Lumbriculus variegates ) and Lumbricidae ( Eiseiella tetraedra). Among Aeolosomatidae , Aelosoma aquaternarium, A. Liedyi, A. variegatum and A. hemprichi, in which, A. variegatum was the most frequent species, found in Euphrates river. Naidinae community were represented by five species of genus Chaetogaster, two species of each of Paranais, Slavina, & Stylaria, four species of Allonais , and seven species of each of Dero and Nais, in addition to Stephensoniana trivandrana, Specaria josinae and Ophidonais serpentina. Nais variabilis was the most abundant and frequent species in River Tigris while Stylaria lacustris & Ophidonais serpentina are abundant in River Euphrates . Species of Pristininae were representative by four species of genus Pristina and three species of genus pristinella, among them Priatina longiseta is the most abundant species.Tubificid worms, Branchuira sowerbyi and Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri were the most frequent and abundant species in the surface sediments of Iraqi waters. Beside L. hoffmeisteri , other five species of Limnodrilus, two species of Potomothrix, and a single species of Tubifex tubifex , Embolocephalus velutinus, Aulodrilus piguetia, Psammoryctides moravicus and Rhyacodrilus coccineus were recorded.

scholarly journals Profundal oligochaete faunas (Annelida, Clitellata) in Japanese lakes

Zoosymposia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
AKIFUMI OHTAKA
Keyword(s):  
Trophic Status ◽  
Tubifex Tubifex ◽  
Lumbriculus Variegatus ◽  
Bottom Temperature ◽  
Eutrophic Lakes ◽  
Branchiura Sowerbyi ◽  
Limnodrilus Hoffmeisteri ◽  
Parallel Replacement ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Japanese Islands

Thirty-eight species of oligochaetes (Annelida, Clitellata) belonging to five families were recorded from profundal bottoms of 50 freshwater lakes on Japanese islands. They were mostly widely distributed species, and the composition of fauna is basically explained by the scheme of Timm (2012), with parallel replacement of European species. Oxygen, temperature and surrounding fauna could be main factors determining the profundal fauna in the lakes. The lumbriculids (Styloscolex japonicus, Yamaguchia toyensis and Lumbriculus variegatus), haplotaxids (Haplotaxis gordioides) and enchytraeids (Marionina klaskisharum) were restricted to several deep and oligotrophic lakes located in Hokkaido and northern Honshu, where Rhyacodrilus komarovi often accompanied them. Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri was the commonest species, occurring irrespective of the trophic status and bottom temperature of the lake. Tubifex tubifex also occurred in wide trophic scale, but it has never been found in shallow eutrophic lakes where the bottom temperature exceeds 15°C, where L. hoffmeisteri, Branchiura sowerbyi and several Aulodrilus species were the main representatives.

Toxicity and bioaccumulation of copper in Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri under different pH values: Impacts of perfluorooctane sulfonate

2016 ◽  
Vol 305 ◽  
pp. 219-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingjun Meng ◽  
Shaogui Yang ◽  
Mingbao Feng ◽  
Ruijuan Qu ◽  
Yong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perfluorooctane Sulfonate ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Limnodrilus Hoffmeisteri

scholarly journals Effect of water temperature and pH on the concentration and time of ozone saturation

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melicia Cintia Galdeano ◽  
Allan Eduardo Wilhelm ◽  
Isabella Borges Goulart ◽  
Renata Valeriano Tonon ◽  
Otniel Freitas-Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Molecular Oxygen ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Ozone Content ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Saturation Time ◽  
Gas Concentration ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Effect Of Water

Abstract Ozone has been used for many years to disinfect water due to its oxidizing potential. Since it decomposes quickly into molecular oxygen, leaving no residue, it has important advantages for use. The decomposition of ozone is affected by the temperature and pH of the medium, low pH values and temperatures increasing its half-life, which can result in more efficient disinfection. With the objective of increasing the effectiveness of ozonation, this study investigated the effect of temperature (8 ºC and 25 °C) and pH (3.0 and 6.0) of the water on the saturation time and gas concentration, employing two initial gas concentrations (13.3 and 22.3 mg L-1). The concentration of ozone saturation increased as the temperature and pH of the medium decreased, as also with the higher initial gas concentration ( C0). The highest saturation concentrations were obtained at pH 3.0 and 8 °C (4.50 and 8.03 mg L-1 with C0 of 13.3 and 22.3 mg L-1, respectively). This higher ozone content could result in greater decontamination efficiency of the food products washed with this water.

scholarly journals Qualitative and Quantitative study of Epipelic algae in Tigris River within Baghdad City, Iraq

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1074-1082
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Benthic Algae ◽  
Lotic Ecosystems ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Tigris River ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distributions ◽  
Number Species ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
One Year ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Study

The present study conducted to study epipelic algae in the Tigris River within Baghdad city for one year from September 2011 to August 2012 due to the importance role of benthic algae in lotic ecosystems. Five sites have been chosen along the river. A total of 154 species of epipelic algae was recorded belongs to 45 genera, where Bacillariophyceae (Diatoms) was the dominant groups followed by Cyanophyceae and Chlorophyceae. The numbers of common types in three sites were 47 species. Bacillariophyceae accounted 88.31% of the total number of epipelic algae, followed by Cyanophyceae 7.14 % and Chlorophyceae 4.55%. A 85 species (29 genera) recorded in site 1, 103 species (34 genera) in site2, 112 species (35 genera) in site3, 96 species (32 genera) in site4, and 85 species (29 genera) in site5. Spatial and temporal distributions of epipelic algae were noticed in this study. The higher total number of epipelic algae (91504.01cell cm-2) was recorded at site 5 in spring 2012, while the lower was (37017.98cell cm-2) in summer 2012 at site1. Some genera have recorded higher number species during the study period; these genera were Nitzschia, Navicula, Cymbella, Gomphonema, Synedra, Achnanthes, Oscillatoria, and Lyngbya. The study revealed that Bacillariophyceae were more prominent within all study sites and followed by Cyanophyceae, while a few numbers of Chlorophyceae was appeared.

scholarly journals Whirling disease in the Crowsnest River: an emerging threat to wild salmonids in Alberta

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Clayton T. James ◽  
Marie F. Veillard ◽  
Amanda M. Martens ◽  
Emmanuel A. Pila ◽  
Alyssa Turnbull ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Fish Populations ◽  
Tubifex Tubifex ◽  
Weight Of Evidence ◽  
Whirling Disease ◽  
Myxobolus Cerebralis ◽  
Parasite Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Stages ◽  
Water Fish ◽  
Study Sites

We provide the first documented case of whirling disease (WD) impacts to wild, self-sustaining rainbow trout (RNTR, Oncorynchus mykiss) populations in Canada. Myxobolus cerebralis (Mc), the causative agent of WD, was first confirmed in Alberta in 2016. However, evidence of disease in local fish populations was unknown. Using a weight-of-evidence approach, we examined multiple parasite life cycle stages in the Crowsnest River, Alberta. Percentage of infected Tubifex tubifex worms actively shedding triactinomyxons (TAMs) exceeded known thresholds of Mc establishment and TAM densities instream exceeded thresholds known to cause ≥90% declines in RNTR populations. Mc was detected at 5 of 6 study sites in water, fish, and worms. Disease severity was highest in the lower watershed where 100% of sentinel fish tested positive for Mc 7 to 14 days post-exposure; up to 85% of wild fingerling RNTR showed clinical signs of disease and yearling trout were largely absent from the river suggesting reduced survival. Our findings indicate conditions necessary for outbreak of WD exist in Alberta, highlighting the need to consider this disease as an emerging threat to wild salmonid populations.

scholarly journals First data on population estimates and dispersal of Montenegrina subcristata – a field study at Virpazar, Montenegro

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 147-165
Author(s):  
Anđela Bulatović ◽  
Jovana Marković ◽  
Elisabeth Haring ◽  
Wilhelm Pinsker ◽  
Katharina Mason ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
Population Estimates ◽  
Data Loggers ◽  
Individual Number ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Minimum Distances ◽  
Study Sites

Background. In this study a population of the rock dwelling terrestrial gastropod Montenegrina subcristata was monitored over one season and data about life cycle, population density and dispersal were gathered. Three study sites (A, B, C) near Virpazar, Montenegro were selected. Snails were categorized into three size classes. (1) The smallest juveniles were counted but not marked because of their tiny and dainty shell, middle sized snails (2) were marked with a dot and (3) larger subadults and adults were marked with an individual number. The sites were observed 25 times from April to October 2017. The study sites were equipped with data loggers to register microclimate data like temperature and humidity. Based on counts and recapture counts population estimates were calculated. Positions of the snails were recorded throughout the season and minimum distances between each two observations were calculated.Results. Small juveniles (not marked) were observed in high numbers at the beginning of the season and disappeared during summer. Site C had to be excluded from the calculations because snails nearly disappeared as early as the second visit. Population size estimations of sites A and B provided similar results for the beginning of the season, whereas for June the high estimates stood in high contrast to the number of observed snails in that period. Concerning "minimum distances" (MD; distance between two subsequent observations), the majority of MDs with a 1-week interval resulted in 0–0.1m. Yet, some individuals were more mobile, with sums of MDs over the season of up to 8.0 m. The sum of MDs over the season was on average 1.6 m (sites A+B).The temperature and humidity curves of the data loggers showed a seasonal pattern. The average temperatures of all three sites were rather similar. However, daily oscillations in temperature and humidity were high in some periods and differed between sites. In site C temperature and humidity extremes and fluctuations were pronouncedly higher, with the highest temperatures reaching more than 60 °C and relative humidity dropping each day below 3.7% in June.Conclusions. Dispersal ability is in general low but single individuals might cover distances of at least several meters over the season. Together with further observations we conclude that fluctuations of population size can be considerable and might be strongly influenced by climatic conditions. On the other hand, also population estimates may be influenced by climatic conditions. This study provided first hints to assess the potential of migration, local extinction and recolonization in Montenegrina and other rock dwelling snails.

scholarly journals Preliminary survey of aquatic oligochaetes in Eastern Tamil Nadu, India

Zoosymposia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
MOHAMMED IBRAHIM NAVEED ◽  
S. THULASIRAJA ◽  
S. KARUNAKARAN ◽  
C. KULANDAIVEL ◽  
R. TAMIL SELVAN
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Aquatic Vegetation ◽  
Preliminary Survey ◽  
Aquatic Habitats ◽  
Branchiura Sowerbyi ◽  
Limnodrilus Hoffmeisteri ◽  
Aquatic Oligochaetes ◽  
The Family ◽  
Dero Digitata ◽  
Random Survey

A random survey of aquatic Oligochaeta was conducted in Chennai, Villupuram, Dindugal, Thiruvallur, and Sivagangai districts of Tamil Nadu from November 2010 to March 2012. Thirteen taxa were identified from a total of 644 aquatic oligochaetes examined from various qualitative samples of aquatic vegetation and sediments. Chennai district had 3 families: Naididae, Pristinidae and Tubificidae along with a polychaete. The naidids were most diverse with 5 species: Branchiodrilus semperi, Aulophorus furcatus, Dero digitata, Dero indica and Dero zeylanica, the pristinids were represented by Pristina brevichaeta and Pristina jenkinae and the tubificids by 2 species, Branchiura sowerbyi and Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri. The nine aquatic oligochaetes collected from Chennai were already reported from this region. Two naidids, Branchiodrilus semperi and D. indica, along with the tubificid Branchiura sowerbyi, were collected from Villupuram district and they constitute the first reports for that district. Limnodrilus udekemianus from Kodaikanal, Dindugal district constitutes the first report for that region of Tamil Nadu. Megadriles belonging to the family Octochaetidae (Dichogaster bolaui?) and unidentified Megascolecidae collected from Thiruvallur and Sivaganga districts respectively were found to occur in aquatic habitats.

Denture Cleansers, Soft Lining Materials and Water Temperature: What is the Effect?

2008 ◽  
Vol os15 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh K Handa ◽  
Daryll C Jagger ◽  
Richard W Vowles
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Contact Surface ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Two Temperatures ◽  
Denture Cleansers

Aim To investigate the effect of water temperature, in association with four denture cleansers, on the colour and surface roughness of five soft lining materials. Method Two silicone soft lining materials (Molloplast B and Sofreliner) represented the heat-cured, laboratory-based and chairside materials that are available. The wide range of chairside, acrylic resin-based, temporary soft lining materials was represented by Coe-Soft, Viscogel and Eversoft. An alkaline hypochlorite (Dentural) and three effervescent peroxide solutions with a range of active pH values (Steradent Active Plus, pH 6; Steradent Extra Strength, pH 3; Superdrug Fresh, pH 11) were selected as the cleansers. The denture cleansers were used at two temperatures: 55 °C (manufacturers’ recommended temperature) and 80 °C. The colour of the specimens was evaluated using a colorimeter and the surface roughness was assessed using a three-dimensional, non-contact surface profilometer. This study reported on the effect of using both the higher temperatures and the recommended temperature on the colour and roughness of permanent and temporary soft lining materials. Results and Conclusion The results of the study showed that the temperature of the water used with denture cleansers might have a detrimental effect on the colour and surface roughness of some permanent and temporary soft lining materials.

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