scholarly journals Comparative Histological Study of the Stomach in Two Species of Iraqi Vertebrates (Magpie Pica pica L. and Small Asian Mongoose Herpestes javanicus E.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 0281
Author(s):  
AL –Nakeeb Et al.
Keyword(s):  
Outer Layer ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Gastric Gland ◽  
Parietal Cells ◽  
Pica Pica ◽  
Gastric Glands ◽  
Chief Cells ◽  
Herpestes Javanicus ◽  
Mucous Neck Cells ◽  
Muscularis Externa

          A histological study showed the wall of the stomach in Pica pica and Herpestes javanicus consists of four layers: mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa and serosa. Also, the present study showed many  differences in the histological structures of the stomach for each in both types. The stomach of P. pica consists of two portions: the proventiculus and gizzard, while the stomach of H. javanicus consists of three portions: cardiac, fundic and pyloric regions. The mucosa layer formed short gastric folds, named plicae. In the proventiculus of P. pica, sulcus is found between each two plicae, but the folds called gastric pits in the gizzard, which are full with koilin. Lamina properia in both types contained gastric glands (straight simple tubular glands) named superficial glands, as well as another gastric gland found in the submucosa layer of the proventiculus in P. pica only named deep gastric glands. The gastric gland in the stomach of H. javanicus contained: mucous neck cells and parietal cells positive to AB/PAS stains in cardiac portion, as well as chief cells in fundic portion, but pyloric portion had just mucous neck cells. Muscularis externa in both types formed two muscle layers: inner and outer layer.

scholarly journals Comparative Histological Study of the Stomach in Two Species of Iraqi Vertebrates (Magpie Pica pica L. and Small Asian Mongoose Herpestes javanicus E.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 0281
Author(s):  
AL –Nakeeb Et al.
Keyword(s):  
Outer Layer ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Gastric Gland ◽  
Parietal Cells ◽  
Pica Pica ◽  
Gastric Glands ◽  
Chief Cells ◽  
Herpestes Javanicus ◽  
Mucous Neck Cells ◽  
Muscularis Externa

          A histological study showed the wall of the stomach in Pica pica and Herpestes javanicus consists of four layers: mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa and serosa. Also, the present study showed many  differences in the histological structures of the stomach for each in both types. The stomach of P. pica consists of two portions: the proventiculus and gizzard, while the stomach of H. javanicus consists of three portions: cardiac, fundic and pyloric regions. The mucosa layer formed short gastric folds, named plicae. In the proventiculus of P. pica, sulcus is found between each two plicae, but the folds called gastric pits in the gizzard, which are full with koilin. Lamina properia in both types contained gastric glands (straight simple tubular glands) named superficial glands, as well as another gastric gland found in the submucosa layer of the proventiculus in P. pica only named deep gastric glands. The gastric gland in the stomach of H. javanicus contained: mucous neck cells and parietal cells positive to AB/PAS stains in cardiac portion, as well as chief cells in fundic portion, but pyloric portion had just mucous neck cells. Muscularis externa in both types formed two muscle layers: inner and outer layer.

scholarly journals Novel insights of the gastric gland organization revealed by chief cell specific expression of moesin

2009 ◽  
Vol 296 (2) ◽  
pp. G185-G195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lixin Zhu ◽  
Jason Hatakeyama ◽  
Bing Zhang ◽  
Joy Makdisi ◽  
Cody Ender ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Biology ◽  
Gastric Gland ◽  
Chief Cell ◽  
Parietal Cells ◽  
Gastric Glands ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Chief Cells ◽  
Pepsinogen C ◽  
Cellular Expression ◽  
Mucous Neck Cells

ERM (ezrin, radixin, and moesin) proteins play critical roles in epithelial and endothelial cell polarity, among other functions. In gastric glands, ezrin is mainly expressed in acid-secreting parietal cells, but not in mucous neck cells or zymogenic chief cells. In looking for other ERM proteins, moesin was found lining the lumen of much of the gastric gland, but it was not expressed in parietal cells. No significant radixin expression was detected in the gastric glands. Moesin showed an increased gradient of expression from the neck to the base of the glands. In addition, the staining pattern of moesin revealed a branched morphology for the gastric lumen. This pattern of short branches extending from the glandular lumen was confirmed by using antibody against zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) to stain tight junctions. With a mucous neck cell probe (lectin GSII, from Griffonia simplicifolia) and a chief cell marker (pepsinogen C), immunohistochemistry revealed that the mucous neck cells at the top of the glands do not express moesin, but, progressing toward the base, mucous cells showing decreased GSII staining had low or moderate level of moesin expression. The level of moesin expression continued to increase toward the base of the glands and reached a plateau in the base where chief cells and parietal cells abound. The level of pepsinogen expression also increased toward the base. Pepsinogen C was located on cytoplasmic granules and/or more generally distributed in chief cells, whereas moesin was exclusively expressed on the apical membrane. This is a clear demonstration of distinctive cellular expression of two ERM family members in the same tissue. The results provide the first evidence that moesin is involved in the cell biology of chief cells. Novel insights on gastric gland morphology revealed by the moesin and ZO-1 staining provide the basis for a model of cell maturation and migration within the gland.

Gastrin stimulation of isolated gastric glands

1982 ◽  
Vol 242 (5) ◽  
pp. G504-G512 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Chew ◽  
S. J. Hersey
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Gastric Gland ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor ◽  
Parietal Cells ◽  
Gastric Glands ◽  
Histamine H2 Receptor ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Isolated Cell ◽  
Stimulation Of

The ability of gastrin to stimulate acid formation was studied in gastric glands and isolated parietal cells obtained from rabbit gastric mucosa. Accumulation of the weak base aminopyrine and increases in oxygen consumption were used as measures of acid secretory activity. The responses to gastrin were found to be very small (10-15% increase). However, inclusion of dithiothreitol (0.5 mM) in the incubation medium enhanced the responses in both glands and isolated cells to easily detectable levels. For the gastric gland preparation, gastrin stimulation was maximal at 1 X 10(-7) M, with an apparent ED50 of 5 nM. The response reached a maximum at about 30 min and was stable for at least an hour. The gastrin response was enhanced by the phosphodiesterase inhibitor isobutylmethylxanthine and partially inhibited by cimetidine, a histamine H2-receptor antagonist. Combinations of gastrin and histamine showed an additive response over a wide range of histamine concentrations. However, time-course studies revealed a transient potentiation of gastrin response by histamine, which reached a peak at 15 min and was reduced to an additive response by 30 min. Studies using isolated cell populations enriched in parietal cells (approximately 70%) revealed a gastrin stimulation that was not inhibited by cimetidine. The transient potentiation of the gastrin response by histamine was also found in the isolated cell preparation. Gastrin had no effect on cellular cAMP levels or adenylyl cyclase activity. The results are interpreted to indicate that gastrin stimulates acid secretion through three separate actions: 1) a direct stimulation of parietal cell activity, 2) a potentiating interaction with histamine, and 3) for more intact preparations, a release of histamine, which in turn acts as a paracrine stimulus. Quantitatively, the most important action appears to be the release of histamine. None of the actions of gastrin appear to involve a change in cAMP metabolism.

Role of vacuolation in the death of gastric epithelial cells

1997 ◽  
Vol 272 (1) ◽  
pp. C48-C58 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Hagen ◽  
S. Takahashi ◽  
R. Jansons
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Cell Survival ◽  
Potent Inhibitor ◽  
Chief Cell ◽  
Parietal Cells ◽  
Gastric Epithelial Cells ◽  
Bafilomycin A1 ◽  
Gastric Glands ◽  
Chief Cells

The effect of vacuolation on survival of gastric epithelial cells was studied in rabbit gastric glands (RGG) incubated with ammonia and bafilomycin A1, a potent inhibitor of vacuolar ATPase activity. In ammonia, large vacuoles formed and cell survival was reduced to 47.2 +/- 3.4% at 6 h (59.5 +/- 3.8%, buffer). Bafilomycin A1 added at the start to RGG incubated with ammonia inhibited vacuole formation but did not improve cell survival (48.7 +/- 2.8% at 6 h). Bafilomycin A1 added 1-2 h after addition of ammonia reduced the size of vacuoles but did not alter cell survival. Cell survival was not affected by inhibiting protein synthesis. When incubated with ammonia, parietal cells dissociated from the gland and ruptured. After this, chief cells condensed and formed expensive blebs that contained fragmented nuclei. We conclude that 1)ammonia-induced vacuolation of gastric epithelial cells does not influence cell survival, 2) ammonia facilitates necrosis in parietal cells and apoptosis in chief cells, and 3) chief cell survival, in some manner, may be dependent on parietal cells.

Expression of intrinsic factor and pepsinogen in the rat stomach identifies a subset of parietal cells

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (1) ◽  
pp. G62-G70 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-S. Shao ◽  
W. Schepp ◽  
D. H. Alpers
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Gland ◽  
Intrinsic Factor ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Chief Cell ◽  
Parietal Cells ◽  
Rat Stomach ◽  
Chief Cells ◽  
Indirect Immunoperoxidase ◽  
Lower Neck

Morphological and functional heterogeneity of parietal cells has been thought to be due to different maturation positions within the gastric gland. Morphodynamic studies have shown that 2% of parietal cells in mice derive from a pre-neck (chief) cell precursor. Intrinsic factor (IF) and pepsinogen, markers of rat chief cells, were used to determine if these proteins identified a subset of parietal cells that might reflect origin from the pre-neck cell lineage. The zymogenic region of the rat stomach and gradient-isolated fractions enriched in parietal and chief cells were fixed in 10% buffered Formalin or in Bouin’s solution. Immunostaining was performed using indirect immunoperoxidase histochemistry and double-labeled immunofluorescence with antibodies raised against human IF, pepsinogen II, and H+-K+-adenosinetriphosphatase (H+-K+-ATPase). In intact tissue, parietal (H+-K+-ATPase-positive) cells were found starting at the upper edge of the isthmus, but parietal cells positive for IF and pepsinogen were only found from just below the isthmus and neck region to the base of the gastric gland. Three to four percent of isolated parietal cells were positive for these ectopic markers. This subset of cells was also positive for H+-K+-ATPase. Thus products of rat chief cells are expressed in a subset of parietal cells. The percentage of positive cells is similar to that predicted to be derived from the pre-neck (chief) precursor lineage in the mouse. The distribution of these cells to the lower neck and base of the gland suggests that the expression of chief cell products is consistent with either predetermination by lineage or parietal cell maturation or with both processes.

Transdifferentiation of mucous neck cells into chief cells in fundic gastric glands shown by GNA lectin histochemistry

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 746-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Gómez-Santos ◽  
Edurne Alonso ◽  
Lucio Díaz-Flores ◽  
Juan Francisco Madrid ◽  
Francisco José Sáez
Keyword(s):  
Lectin Histochemistry ◽  
Gastric Glands ◽  
Chief Cells ◽  
Mucous Neck Cells

Comparative morphology of the stomach of some laboratory mammals

1989 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. G. Ghoshal ◽  
H. S. Bal
Keyword(s):  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Comparative Morphology ◽  
Parietal Cells ◽  
Glandular Stomach ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Gastric Glands ◽  
Chief Cells ◽  
Predominant Cell Type

Histomorphology of the stomach of mouse, rat, hamster, guineapig, gerbil, and rabbit was studied. Although a common structural basis existed in the stomach between these species, the occurrence and distribution of various cells in gastric glands differed considerably between them. In mice, rats, hamsters and gerbils, the lower one-third of the glandular lamina propria was seemingly occupied by a varying proportion of parietal and chief cells. In rabbits, the predominantly occurring chief cells were distributed in the lower three-quarters of the glands intermingling with parietal cells, but in guineapigs the chief cells were not discernible. In hamsters, there was, however, a gradual increase of chief cells from the junction between nonglandular-glandular stomach toward the pyloric region. In all these species, parietal cells were the predominant cell type in the upper half to upper one-third of the gastric glands, often extending up to the neck of the glands interspersing between mucus neck cells and occasionally between chief cells.

Immunolocalization of anion exchanger AE2 and cation exchanger NHE-1 in distinct adjacent cells of gastric mucosa

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (2) ◽  
pp. C559-C568 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Stuart-Tilley ◽  
C. Sardet ◽  
J. Pouyssegur ◽  
M. A. Schwartz ◽  
D. Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Parietal Cell ◽  
Anion Exchanger ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Parietal Cells ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Mucous Cells ◽  
Gastric Glands ◽  
Basolateral Membranes ◽  
Mucous Neck Cells

The gastric mucosa secretes both protons and bicarbonate. The molecular identity of the H(+)-K(+)-ATPase, which mediates acid secretion, has long been known, but the other components of the secretory machinery and their cellular disposition are less well characterized. This study identifies and localizes in rat and rabbit gastric mucosa a chloride-bicarbonate exchanger protein and a Na(+)-H+ exchanger protein. The previously described band 3-related protein of the parietal cell has been identified by isoform-specific antibodies as anion exchanger (AE) 2 and localized to the basolateral membranes of the parietal cells. The Na(+)-H+ exchanger protein NHE-1 was located in the basolateral membranes of the mucous neck cells, interdigitated between the parietal cells of the gastric glands and in the basolateral membranes of the surface mucous cells. Neither transporter protein was abundantly expressed deep in the gland, where most of the pepsinogen cells reside. Carbonic anhydrase II (CA II) was expressed at higher abundance in the surface mucous cells and mucous neck cells, which expressed NHE-1, than in the parietal cells, which expressed AE2. The morphological evidence identified AE2 as a major parietal cell anion exchanger, whereas NHE-1 and CA II colocalized in mucous neck, chief, and surface mucous cells. We propose that all three of these cell types contribute to gastric bicarbonate secretion.

scholarly journals Fluorescence measurements of cytosolic free Na concentration, influx and efflux in gastric cells.

1990 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
P A Negulescu ◽  
A Harootunian ◽  
R Y Tsien ◽  
T E Machen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Types ◽  
Parietal Cells ◽  
Acetoxymethyl Ester ◽  
Gastric Glands ◽  
Great Ability ◽  
Chief Cells ◽  
Fluorescence Measurements ◽  
Na Efflux ◽  
Rapid Perfusion ◽  
Acid Secreting

Regulation of cytosolic free Na (Nai) was measured in isolated rabbit gastric glands with the use of a recently developed fluorescent indicator for sodium, SBFI. Intracellular loading of the indicator was achieved by incubation with an acetoxymethyl ester of the dye. Digital imaging of fluorescence was used to monitor Nai in both acid-secreting parietal cells and enzyme-secreting chief cells within intact glands. In situ calibration of Nai with ionophores indicated that SBFI fluorescence (345/385 nm excitation ratio) could resolve 2 mM changes in Nai and was relatively insensitive to changes in K or pH. Measurements on intact glands showed that basal Nai was 8.5 +/- 2.2 mM in parietal cells and 9.2 +/- 3 mM in chief cells. Estimates of Na influx and efflux were made by measuring rates of Nai change after inactivation or reactivation of the Na/K ATPase in a rapid perfusion system. Na/K ATPase inhibition resulting from the removal of extracellular K (Ko) caused Nai to increase at 3.2 +/- 1.5 mM/min and 3.5 +/- 2.7 mM/min in parietal and chief cells, respectively. Na buffering was found to be negligible. Addition of 5 mM Ko and removal of extracellular Na (Nao) caused Nai to decrease rapidly toward 0 mM Na. By subtracting passive Na efflux under these conditions (the rate at which Nai decreased in Na-free solution containing ouabain), an activation curve (dNai/Nai) for the Na/K ATPase was calculated. The pump demonstrated the greatest sensitivity between 5 and 20 mM Nai. At 37 degrees C the pump rate was less than 3 mM/min at 5 mM Nai and 26 mM/min at 25 mM Nai, indicating that the pump has a great ability to respond to changes in Nai in this range. Carbachol, which stimulates secretion from both cell types, was found to stimulate Na influx in both cell types, but did not have detectable effects on Na efflux. dbcAMP+IBMX, potent stimulants of acid secretion, had no effect on Na metabolism.

scholarly journals Sonic hedgehog is associated with H+-K+-ATPase-containing membranes in gastric parietal cells and secreted with histamine stimulation

2008 ◽  
Vol 295 (1) ◽  
pp. G99-G111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yana Zavros ◽  
Melissa A. Orr ◽  
Chang Xiao ◽  
Danuta H. Malinowska
Keyword(s):  
Sonic Hedgehog ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Gradient Centrifugation ◽  
Basolateral Membrane ◽  
Gastric Gland ◽  
Parietal Cells ◽  
Human Gastric Cancer ◽  
Gastric Glands ◽  
Α Subunit ◽  
Gastric Parietal Cells

Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is found within gastric parietal cells and processed from a 45-kDa to a 19-kDa bioactive protein by an acid- and protease-dependent mechanism. To investigate whether Shh is associated with the parietal cell membrane compartment that becomes exposed to both acid and proteolytic enzymes during acid secretion, the cellular location of Shh within resting and stimulated gastric parietal cells was examined. Immunofluorescence microscopy of rabbit stomach sections showed that Shh colocalized predominantly with parietal and pit, not chief/zymogen or neck, cell markers. In resting and histamine-stimulated rabbit gastric glands Shh was expressed only in parietal cells close to H+-K+-ATPase-containing tubulovesicular and secretory membranes with some colocalizing with γ-actin at the basolateral membrane. Gastric gland microsomal membranes were prepared by differential and sucrose gradient centrifugation and immunoisolation with an anti-H+-K+-ATPase-α subunit antibody. The 45- and 19-kDa Shh proteins were detected by immunoblot in immunopurified H+-K+-ATPase-containing membranes from resting and stimulated gastric glands, respectively. Incubating glands with a high KCl concentration removed Shh from the membranes. Histamine stimulated 19-kDa Shh secretion from gastric glands into the medium. In human gastric cancer 23132/87 cells cultured on permeable membranes, histamine increased 19-kDa Shh secretion into both apical and basolateral media. These findings show that Shh is a peripheral protein associated with resting and stimulated H+-K+-ATPase-expressing membranes. In addition, Shh appears to be expressed at or close to the basolateral membrane of parietal cells.

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