Comparison of the effect of rapeseed oil or amaranth seed oil supplementation on weight loss, body composition, and changes in the metabolic profile of obese patients following 3-week body mass reduction program: a randomized clinical trial
Abstract Background: Amaranth seed oil (ASO) and rapeseed oil (RSO) are representative functional food with glucose and cholesterol-lowering, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective properties. We aimed to compare the effect of RSO and ASO on weight loss and metabolic parameters during the 3-week body mass reduction program.Methods: Eighty-one obese subjects (BMI > 30 kg/m2) aged 25-70 years enrolled in a 3-week body mass reduction program based on calorie-restricted diet and physical activity. The participants were randomly administered 20 mL/d of ASO (AO group) or 20 mL/d of RSO (RO group) or were assigned to the control (C) group (without oil supplementation). Anthropometric and metabolic parameters were measured at baseline and at an endpoint. Results: At the end of the study, significant (P < 0.05) decrease in weight, BMI, WC (waist circumference), HC (hip circumference), FM (fat mass), LBM (lean body mass), VFM (visceral fat mass), and TBW% (total body water) were observed in all groups. There were no significant improvements in clinical parameters in the C group, while reduction in fasting insulin (Δ -5.9, P = 0.001 and Δ -5.7, P = 0.005) and HOMA-IR (Δ -1.1, P = 0.02 and Δ -0.5, P = 0.03) were observed in the RO and AO groups. Compared to the RO group, significant improvement in fasting glucose Δ -8.5, (P = 0.03), total cholesterol (Δ -14.6, P = 0.03), non-HDL cholesterol (Δ 15.9, P = 0.01), TG/HDL ratio (Δ -0.6, P = 0.03), LDL cholesterol (Δ -12.3, P = 0.04), and triglycerides (Δ -6.5, P = 0.000) in the AO group were observed. Conclusions: The 3-week body mass reduction intervention resulted in a significant reduction in weight, BMI, WC, HC, FM, and VFM in all the studied groups. Except for HOMA-IR, in clinical parameters were no statistical differences between all groups. However, the trend to improvement in insulin level and HDL% was noticed only in AO and RO. Therapies targeting edible oils with high nutritional value as RSO and ASO may in the future be a promising tool in support metabolic measurement improvement during the body mass reduction programs.Take home message: Supplementation with RSO or ASO may bring additional benefits to obese patients undertaking a weight reduction program.Trial registration: DRKS00017708