scholarly journals Diversity of Morphological Traits and Glucosinolate Composition in Backcross Progenies of Brassica Rapa L. × Eruca Vesicaria (L.) Cav. Hybrids

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiko Kaminishi ◽  
Fumika Miyohashi ◽  
Nobuhiro Kita
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Regeneration Potential ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Breeding at both interspecific and intergeneric levels is an effective method for expanding genetic variation of cruciferous crops; however, few commercially accepted varieties have been released because of difficulties in generating fertile progenies. We employed backcross strategy to introduce Eruca vesicaria-specific characteristics into Brassica rapa and successfully obtained four BC1F1 lines that showed a wide range of diversity of morphological traits and glucosinolate (GSL) composition. Thus, leaf shape, anthocyanin coloration, glucoraphanin content, and red petal veins were found to be inherited mainly from E. vesicaria, though most of the morphological characteristics and GSL composition were inherited from intergeneric F1 plants. Since all BC1F1 lines showed post-fertilization barriers, backcrossing with B. rapa was performed and BC2F1 progenies were successfully obtained, which showed diverse morphological characteristics and GSL composition as well as higher regeneration potential. These results suggest that widening of genetic diversity of B. rapa can be achieved through successive reciprocal backcrossing of B. rapa × E. vesicaria hybrids with B. rapa.

scholarly journals Population structure and phylogenetic relationships in Brassica rapa L. subspecies by using isozyme markers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Sammour ◽  
M. A. Karam ◽  
Y. S. Morsi ◽  
R. M. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Fixation Index ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Enzyme Analysis ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Expected Heterozygosity ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract The present study aimed to assess population structure and phylogenetic relationships of nine subspecies of Brassica rapa L. represented with thirty-five accessions cover a wide range of species distribution area using isozyme analysis in order to select more diverse accessions as supplementary resources that can be utilized for improvement of B. napus. Enzyme analysis resulted in detecting 14 putative polymorphic loci with 27 alleles. Mean allele frequency 0.04 (rare alleles) was observed in Cat4A and Cat4B in sub species Oleifera accession CR 2204/79 and in subspecies trilocularis accessions CR 2215/88 and CR 2244/88. The highest genetic diversity measures were observed in subspecies dichotoma, accession CR 1585/96 (the highest average of observed (H0) and expected heterozygosity (He), and number of alleles per locus (Ae)). These observations make this accession valuable genetic resource to be included in breeding programs for the improvement of oilseed B. napus. The average fixation index (F) is significantly higher than zero for the analysis accessions indicating a significant deficiency of heteozygosity. The divergence among subspecies indicated very great genetic differentiation (FST = 0.8972) which means that about 90% of genetic diversity is distributed among subspecies, while 10% of the diversity is distributed within subspecies. This coincides with low value of gene flow (Nm = 0.0287). B. rapa ssp. oleifera (turnip rape) and B. rapa ssp. trilocularis (sarson) were grouped under one cluster which coincides with the morphological classification.

scholarly journals Measurement of Genetic Diversity of Chinese Seashore Paspalum Resources through Morphological and Sequence-related Amplified Polymorphism Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 144 (6) ◽  
pp. 379-386
Author(s):  
Yan Liu ◽  
Hailin Guo ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
Jingang Shi ◽  
Dandan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Germplasm Resources ◽  
Seashore Paspalum ◽  
Chinese Germplasm

Seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum) is a notable warm-season turfgrass. Certain germplasm resources are distributed in the southern regions of China. The objectives of this study were to investigate the genetic diversity and genetic variation of Chinese seashore paspalum resources. Morphological characteristics and sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers were used to assess genetic relationships and genetic variation among 36 germplasm resources from China and six cultivars from the United States. The results showed significant variation for 13 morphological characteristics among 42 tested seashore paspalum accessions, and that the phenotypic cv was, in turn, turf height > turf density > internode length > inflorescence density > leaf width > reproductive branch height > spikelet width > leaf length > spikelet number > inflorescence length > internode diameter > inflorescence width > spikelet length. According to the morphological characteristics and cluster analysis, 42 seashore paspalum accessions were divided into six morphological types. In total, 374 clear bands were amplified using 30 SRAP primer combinations; among these bands, 321 were polymorphic with 85.83% polymorphism. SRAP marker cluster analysis showed that 42 seashore paspalum accessions were grouped into seven major groups, with a genetic similarity coefficient ranging from 0.4385 to 0.9893 and genetic distance values ranging from 0.0108 to 0.8244. The high level of genetic diversity occurred among Chinese germplasm, and the genetic distance was relatively high between Chinese germplasm and cultivars introduced from the United States. The patterns in morphological trait variations and genetic diversity will be useful for the further exploitation and use of Chinese seashore paspalum resources.

scholarly journals Species relationship and genetic diversity in some Iranian Lamium L. species using ISSR markers

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
FATEMEH AZIMISHAD ◽  
MASOUD SHEIDAI ◽  
SAYED MEHDI TALEBI ◽  
ZAHRA NOORMOHAMMADI
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Species Relationships ◽  
Species Relationship

Abstract. Azimishad F, Sheidai M, Talebi SM, Noormohammadi Z. 2019. Species relationship and genetic diversity in some Iranian Lamium L. species using ISSR markers. Biodiversitas 20: 1963-1972. Lamium is a widespread and taxonomically complex genus of Lamiaceae which comprises of 16-38 species. This genus is represented in Iran by nine species. In the present study, we used morphological and molecular (ISSR, Cp DNA, and nrITS) data to evaluate species relationships, genetic diversity and population genetic structure of the genus. 27 morphological characteristics, including 13 qualitative and 14 quantitative, and ten ISSR markers were used for morphological and genetical evaluation of 73 accessions from eight taxa. In general, species relationships obtained from morphological and molecular data were largely congruent. In the morphological study, characteristics like the life form, leaf shape, absence/existence of bracts and shape of corolla, were distinctive traits and we did not encounter intermediate forms. Our findings indicated a very high efficiency of the ISSR markers in the identification and delimitation of Lamium species. These results confirmed the placement of L. galeobdolon in the genus Lamium and segregation of L. purpureum and L. garganicum in section Lamium. AMOVA analysis revealed that the species of this genus are genetically differentiated. Nm analysis showed very low value of gene flow among the studied species and mantel test indicated isolation by distance occurred among them.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and morphological characteristics of native seashore paspalum in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahayu Rahayu ◽  
Fatimah Suwardjo ◽  
Ji Bae Eun ◽  
Geun Mo Yang ◽  
Soo Choi Joon
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Seashore Paspalum ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Marker Cluster

Abstract. Rahayu, Fatimah, Bae EJ, Mo YG, Choi JS. 2020. Genetic diversity and morphological characteristics of native seashore paspalum in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 4981-4989. Seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum) is a warm-season turfgrass indigenous to tropical and coastal areas worldwide. The objectives of this study were to measure the genetic diversity and genetic variation of Indonesian seashore paspalum germplasm. Three turf quality, six morphological characters, and ten SSR (microsatellite) markers were used to assess genetic relationships and genetic variation among 22 germplasm resources from Indonesia and one commercial variety (Salam) from United States of America. The results showed significant variation for five morphological characters among 23 tested seashore paspalum accessions. The cluster analysis of morphological characters of 23 seashore paspalum accessions using 0,6 cut off divided into three morphological types: tall high-density, intermediate, and dwarf low-density ecotype. The genetic variation revealed 22 alleles with average number of alleles per locus was 2 and polymorphism information content (PIC) values average was 0.33. The microsatellite marker cluster analysis showed that 23 seashore paspalum accessions were grouped into two major groups, with a genetic similarity coefficient was 0,72. The low level of genetic diversity occurred among Indonesia natural grass germplasm and the genetic distance was relatively low between Indonesian germplasm and Salam variety. The genetic diversity and morphological characteristics will be useful for further study and utilization of Indonesian seashore paspalum germplasm.

scholarly journals Agro-morphological and phenotypic variability of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) genotypes for breeding purposes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gulsum Yaldiz ◽  
Mahmut Camlica
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Essential Oil Yield

AbstractThe genus Ocimum is very complicated due to the presence of huge morphological variability along with genetic diversity. Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) has pharmacological properties like headaches, coughs, diarrhea, constipation, warts, worms, kidney malfunction, and its potential as a therapeutic agent in treating various age-related diseases. The present investigation comprised of sixty-one genotypes of basil was undertaken to characterize the genotypes based on morphological and phenological features, herbs and essential oil yield of genotypes. A wide range of variations for traits like days to first cutting (56.92-101.6), plant height (13.67-71.90 cm), branch number (3.28-19.43 number/plant), fresh herb yields (12.94-274.11 g/plant), and essential oil yield (0.04-1.71%) were observed and can be useful for breeding purposes. PI 652070 and PI 296391 genotypes were found superior in case of the highest herbs yield as compared with other genotypes. Overall, in PI 358469 and Ames 32309 genotypes exhibited the highest essential oil content. The constellation analysis was conducted to investigate the genetic diversity of basil genotypes. According to the constellation plot analysis, leaf shape and color were evaluated in 2017 and most of the basil genotypes located in the same main group. In 2018, moonlight and dino cultivars located in the same cluster 1 (C1) with PI 141198 (US/Maryland) genotype and Georgia genotypes located in the same main group and they also took place in the sub-main group except Ames 32314 genotype depending on UPOV criteria. Each two years, Bolu genotype and midnight were found in the same main group.

Phylogeography and genetic structure of the slow worms Anguis cephallonica and Anguis graeca (Squamata: Anguidae) from the southern Balkan Peninsula

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evanthia Thanou ◽  
Sinos Giokas ◽  
Panagiotis Kornilios
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Intraspecific Genetic Diversity ◽  
Well Differentiated

Two slow worm species are distributed at the southernmost part of the Balkan Peninsula: Anguis cephallonica, an endemic of the Peloponnese and the islands Zakynthos, Ithaki and Kephallonia, and A. graeca. Here, we investigate the intraspecific genetic diversity of A. cephallonica from the Peloponnese and Kephallonia and analyse A. graeca, from the northern Peloponnese, where it is found in sympatry with A. cephallonica. MtDNA and nDNA phylogenetic analyses confirm the genetic similarity of Peloponnesian and Kephallonian populations of A. cephallonica and reveal significant mtDNA genetic variation within it, probably related to the occurrence of multiple subrefugia in the Peloponnese. Peloponnesian A. graeca populations are genetically similar to non-Peloponnesian conspecifics implying recent dispersal to the Peloponnese. In contrast to the genetic markers, morphological characteristics (such as the number of mid-body scale-rows) failed to distinguish between Peloponnesian A. cephallonica and A. graeca. Although the former species is believed to be well-differentiated from its congeneric taxa, a thorough morphological study is needed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Genetic Diversity in Cultivated and Exotic Germplasm Sources of Faba Bean Using Important Morphological Traits

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Praveen Kumar ◽  
Prashant Kaushik
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Exotic Germplasm ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveFaba bean is an important crop for achieving nutritional food security, but there is very limited diversity in the cultivated varieties of faba bean. Moreover, genetic diversity is vital for its use in faba bean genetic imporvement.Material and MethodsHere we determined the diversity in the sixty-four genotypes of faba bean of different agro-ecological origins. Plants were grown in randomized block design in three replications. Further, the genotypes were characterized based on the ten morphological traits.ResultsHighly significant differences were determined for all of the studied traits. Whereas, the number of cluster per plant was positively correlated with the pods per plants. Moreover, the trait number of cluster per plant determined the most substantial positive effect on seed yield.ConclusionsOverall, our results indicate a wide range of variability for further selection and improvement of faba bean ideotype.

scholarly journals Infraspecific morphological and genetic variations of Ficus carica L. from Iran

Biologija ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Zolfaghari ◽  
Fahimeh Salimpour ◽  
Fariba Sharifnia ◽  
Maryam Peyvandi ◽  
Sayeh Jafari Marandi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Ficus Carica ◽  
Upgma Tree ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
Morphological Variables ◽  
Cultivated Populations ◽  
Different Parts

Ficus carica L. (Moraceae) is one of the most important crop plants widely cultivated in different parts of the world. Several wild or cultivated populations of it grow in various regions of Iran. In the current research, we evaluated morphological and molecular SSR methods in order to investigate infraspecific variations in this species and introduce possible phenotypes/genotypes among its populations. For this, 14 populations were selected from different parts of the country. We evaluated 27 qualitative and quantitative morphological traits of both reproductive and vegetative organs. The ANOVA test revealed significant variations for most of the quantitative variables; moreover, qualitative features differed among populations. Significant correlations were found between some morphological characteristics with ecological factors of habitats. According to the UPGMA tree, four morphotypes existed among these populations. CA-joined plot revealed that each group was identified by some morphological variables. In addition, parameters of genetic diversity varied among the studied populations, while the AMOVA test showed significant variations, most of which belonged to the variations within the population. According to the UPGMA tree, MDS and PCoA plots, the studied populations were divided into four distinct genotypes. In addition, the UPGMA tree based on Nei genetic diversity and Structure analyses confirmed these groups. Three groups were monotypic and the fourth was composed of eleven populations. Patterns of population clustering based on the morphological traits were not similar to those of SSR data. Therefore we concluded that environmental factors had strong effects on the population’s phenotype and genotypes were not recognized by their phenotypes.

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of 88 Polymorphic Microsatellite Markers in Kentucky Bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.)

HortScience ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 1759-1763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josh A. Honig ◽  
Stacy A. Bonos ◽  
William A. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Polymorphic Microsatellite

Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) is an important facultative apomictic temperate perennial grass species used for both forage and cultivated turf. Through apomixis, this species is able to propagate diverse and odd ploidy levels, resulting in many genetically distinct phenotypes. A wide range of diverse cultivars and accessions of kentucky bluegrass have been previously characterized based on common turf performance or morphological characteristics as well as by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Although previous characterization efforts have provided valuable information, the use of both morphological characteristics and RAPD markers for genetic diversity analysis has limitations. In the current report, we developed and characterized 88 novel microsatellite markers for kentucky bluegrass. Polymorphism for each marker was assessed in 265 kentucky bluegrass cultivars, experimental selections, collections, and hybrids. The number of alleles for individual microsatellites ranged from four to 81 with an average of 38.3 alleles per simple sequence repeat. These polymorphic microsatellite markers would be useful tools for investigating genetic diversity, creation of genetic linkage maps, assessment of levels of apomixis in cultivars and experimental varieties, and identification of aberrant progeny in apomictic kentucky bluegrass breeding programs.

scholarly journals Morphological and genetic variation in populations of Desmos chinensis Lour. (Annonaceae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isna Arofatun Nikmah ◽  
RUGAYAH RUGAYAH ◽  
Tatik Chikmawati
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Genetic Variations ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Conservation Strategy

Abstract. Nikmah IA, Rugayah R, Chikmawati T. 2021. Morphological and genetic variation in populations of Desmos chinensis Lour. (Annonaceae). Biodiversitas 22: 811-822. Desmos chinensis is a woody climber or scandent shrub genus in Annonaceae that has moniliform fruits. Desmos chinensis Lour. can be found throughout Southeast Asia. This species is widely used as a traditional medicine in several countries in Asia, however, the information on its morphological and genetic variation has never been reported. The objective of this study was to reveal the genetic variation of Desmos chinensis on Java island (Indonesia) based on the morphological characters and Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) markers. Leaf samples were collected by exploring seven regions in Java island. Variation in morphological characteristics were described and discussed in detail. Genetic variation was assessed using the ISSR marker. The morphological characteristics of D. chinensis in Java varies in habit; leaf shape, leaf size, leaf color; flower position, flower reflexity, pedicel bract position, number of petals, petal color, petal shape, petal apex, undulation of petal; and number of monocarp per fruit. A total of 53 samples collected from seven populations were screened by 25 ISSR primers, wherein 11 primers produced 47 clear and reproducible bands covering 85.1% of polymorphic bands. Desmos chinensis in Java were divided into five natural populations. Furthermore, the mean value of the Shannon index and genetic diversity index were 0.223 and 0.151, respectively. Moreover, the variations within and among populations examined using AMOVA showed the occurrence of 38% of total genetic variations among the different populations, therefore, the remaining 62% was due to variations within the population. Morphological and genetic variations are important preliminary information for determining the conservation strategy of Desmos chinensis.

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