scholarly journals Early childhood infections, antistreptococcal and basal ganglia antibodies in adult ADHD: A preliminary study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Oliva ◽  
Giulia di Girolamo ◽  
Francesca Malandrone ◽  
Noemi Iaia ◽  
Fiorella Biasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Recurrent Infections ◽  
Childhood Infections ◽  
Streptolysin O ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background: To explore the relationship between adult Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), antistreptococcal titers, ABGA, and recurrent infections during early childhood.Method: Childhood history of recurrent infections and a blood sample were collected in a sample of DSM-IV adult outpatients with ADHD. The anti-streptolysin O (ASO), anti-deoxyribonuclease B (anti-DNase B), and anti-basal ganglia antibodies (ABGA) titers were determined in patient plasma by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Titers positivity was evaluated following manufacturer's specifications. Absolute titers were also collected as continuous variables.Results: Fourteen out of 22 (63.6%) have had recurrent infections in childhood (i.e., seven, 31.8%, have had tonsillitis or adenoiditis and seven, 31.8%, have had any other infections). Eighteen patients (81.9%) were positive for anti-DNase B, five (22.7%) for ASO, and 4 (18.2%) were positive for both of them. Five participants (22.7%) were ABGA positive, whereas only two (9.1%) were positive for all three antibodies.Conclusions: Patients with ADHD might be more prone to infections during childhood and subclinical streptococcal infections during adulthood, moreover they seem to have an increased risk for basal ganglia autoimmunity in adulthood. Both infections and ensuing acquired autoimmunity could influence the neurodevelopmental process, by contributing, at least in part, to the ADHD pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Early childhood infections, antistreptococcal and basal ganglia antibodies in adult ADHD: a preliminary study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Oliva ◽  
Giulia di Girolamo ◽  
Francesca Malandrone ◽  
Noemi Iaia ◽  
Fiorella Biasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Recurrent Infections ◽  
Childhood Infections ◽  
Streptolysin O ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background To explore the relationship between adult Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), antistreptococcal titers, ABGA, and recurrent infections during early childhood. Method Childhood history of recurrent infections and a blood sample were collected in a sample of DSM-IV adult outpatients with ADHD. The anti-streptolysin O (ASO), anti-deoxyribonuclease B (anti-DNase B), and anti-basal ganglia antibodies (ABGA) titers were determined in patient plasma by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Titers positivity was evaluated following manufacturer’s specifications. Absolute titers were also collected as continuous variables. Results Fourteen out of 22 (63.6%) have had recurrent infections in childhood (i.e., seven, 31.8%, have had tonsillitis or adenoiditis and seven, 31.8%, have had any other infections). Eighteen patients (81.9%) were positive for anti-DNase B, five (22.7%) for ASO, and 4 (18.2%) were positive for both of them. Five participants (22.7%) were ABGA positive, whereas only two (9.1%) were positive for all three antibodies. Conclusions patients with ADHD might be more prone to infections during childhood and subclinical streptococcal infections during adulthood. Moreover, they seem to have an increased risk for basal ganglia autoimmunity in adulthood. Both infections and the ensuing acquired autoimmunity could influence the neurodevelopmental process, by contributing, at least in part, to the ADHD pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Early childhood infections, antistreptococcal and basal ganglia antibodies in adult ADHD: A preliminary study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Oliva ◽  
Giulia di Girolamo ◽  
Francesca Malandrone ◽  
Noemi Iaia ◽  
Fiorella Biasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Recurrent Infections ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Childhood Infections ◽  
Streptolysin O ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: To explore the relationship between adult Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), antistreptococcal titers, ABGA, and recurrent infections during early childhood.Method: Childhood history of recurrent infections and a blood sample were collected in a sample of DSM-IV adult outpatients with ADHD. The anti-streptolysin O (ASO), anti-deoxyribonuclease B (anti-DNase B), and anti-basal ganglia antibodies (ABGA) titers were determined in patient plasma by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Titers positivity was evaluated following manufacturer's specifications. Absolute titers were also collected as continuous variables.Results: Fourteen out of 22 (63.6%) have had recurrent infections in childhood (i.e., seven, 31.8%, have had tonsillitis or adenoiditis and seven, 31.8%, have had any other infections). Eighteen patients (81.9%) were positive for anti-DNase B, five (22.7%) for ASO, and 4 (18.2%) were positive for both of them. Five participants (22.7%) were ABGA positive, whereas only two (9.1%) were positive for all three antibodies.Conclusions: patients with ADHD might be more prone to infections during childhood and subclinical streptococcal infections during adulthood. Moreover, they seem to have an increased risk for basal ganglia autoimmunity in adulthood. Both infections and the ensuing acquired autoimmunity could influence the neurodevelopmental process, by contributing, at least in part, to the ADHD pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Early childhood Group-A streptococcal infections and basal ganglia antibodies in adult ADHD: A preliminary study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Oliva ◽  
Giulia di Girolamo ◽  
Francesca Malandrone ◽  
Noemi Iaia ◽  
Fiorella Biasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Group A Streptococcus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Streptolysin O ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: To explore the relationship between adult Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and recurrent group A streptococcus (GAS) infections during early childhood.Method: Childhood history of recurrent GAS infections and a blood sample were collected in a sample of DSM-IV adult ADHD outpatients. The anti-streptolysin O (ASO), anti-deoxyribonuclease B (anti-DNase B), and anti-basal ganglia antibodies (ABGA) titers were determined in patient plasma by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Titers positivity was evaluated following manufacturer's specifications. Absolute titers were also collected as continuous variables.Results: Fourteen out of 22 (63.6%) have had recurrent infections in childhood (i.e., seven, 31.8%, have had tonsillitis or adenoiditis and seven, 31.8%, have had different GAS related infections). Eighteen patients (81.9%) were positive for anti-DNase B, five (22.7%) for ASO, and 4 (18.2%) were positive for both of them. Five participants (22.7%) were ABGA positive, whereas only two (9.1%) were positive for all three antibodies.Conclusions: ADHD patients might be more prone to GAS infections during childhood and seem to have an increased risk for GAS-related autoimmunity in adulthood. Both infections and ensuing acquired autoimmunity could influence the neurodevelopmental process, by contributing, at least in part, to the ADHD pathogenesis.

Prior tonsillectomy and subsequent risk of breast cancer in females: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 10568-10568
Author(s):  
Salah Eddine Oussama Kacimi ◽  
Mounir Ould Setti ◽  
Amira Yasmine Benmelouka ◽  
Mohammad Aloulou ◽  
Hanane Zoubida Sekkal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Recurrent Infections ◽  
Childhood Infections ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Leave One Out ◽  
Subsequent Risk

10568 Background: Exposure to recurrent infections in childhood was linked to an increased risk of cancer in adulthood. There is also evidence that a history of tonsillectomy, a procedure often performed in children with recurrent infections, is linked to an increased risk of leukemia, and Hodgkin lymphoma. Tonsillectomy could be directly associated with cancer risk or it could be a proxy for another risk factor such as recurrent infections and chronic inflammation. Nevertheless, the role of recurrent childhood infections and tonsillectomy on the one hand, and the risk of breast cancer (BC) in adulthood remain understudied. Our study aims to verify whether a history of tonsillectomy increases the risk of BC in women. Methods: A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Embase and Web of Science databases from inception through November 2020 to identify the studies which explored the association between history of tonsillectomy and BC in females. The Newcastle Ottawa Scale was used to assess the quality of included studies. Odds ratio (OR) was used to measure effect size. The Random/Fixed effects model was applied to synthesize the associations between tonsillectomy and BC risk based on heterogeneity. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I-squared statistic. A forest plot was generated, and publication bias was assessed. The leave-one-out sensitivity analysis was performed to check if results were driven by a single study. Results: Seven studies with a total of 7259 patients were included in our analysis; out of them, 2200 patients were diagnosed with BC. Patients with a history of tonsillectomy (n = 2843) showed higher subsequent risk of developing BC (OR = 1.252; 95% CI = 1.115 - 1.406; P < 0.001; I2 = 9%) as compared to patients without a history of tonsillectomy (n = 4416). Using the leave-one-out sensitivity analysis to iteratively remove one study at a time, we confirmed that no single study had a substantial influence on the overall effect size. Conclusions: Our study supports and confirms the evidence that a history of tonsillectomy is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. These findings are also an argument in support of the hypothesis that recurrent childhood infections are linked with adulthood breast cancer.

scholarly journals Prevalence of ADHD in Accident Victims: Results of the PRADA Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kittel-Schneider ◽  
Wolff ◽  
Queiser ◽  
Wessendorf ◽  
Meier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Trauma Surgery ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Stimulant Treatment ◽  
Surgery Patient ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

Background: Recent research has shown an increased risk of accidents and injuries in ADHD patients, which could potentially be reduced by stimulant treatment. Therefore, the first aim of our study was to evaluate the prevalence of adult ADHD in a trauma surgery population. The second aim was to investigate accident mechanisms and circumstances which could be specific to ADHD patients, in comparison to the general population. Methods: We screened 905 accident victims for ADHD using the ASRS 18-item self-report questionnaire. The basic demographic data and circumstances of the accidents were also assessed. Results: Prevalence of adult ADHD was found to be 6.18% in our trauma surgery patient sample. ADHD accident victims reported significantly higher rates of distraction, stress and overconfidence in comparison to non-ADHD accident victims. Overconfidence and being in thoughts as causal mechanisms for the accidents remained significantly higher in ADHD patients after correction for multiple comparison. ADHD patients additionally reported a history of multiple accidents. Conclusion: The majority of ADHD patients in our sample had not previously been diagnosed and were therefore not receiving treatment. The results subsequently suggest that general ADHD screening in trauma surgery patients may be useful in preventing further accidents in ADHD patients. Furthermore, psychoeducation regarding specific causal accident mechanisms could be implemented in ADHD therapy to decrease accident incidence rate.

Sero-epidemiology of human T-cell lymphotropic viruses-1 and -2 infection among pregnant women attending Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Amos Dangana ◽  
Idris Nasir Abdullahi ◽  
Olasoji Matthew Adeyemi Billyrose ◽  
Anthony Uchenna Emeribe ◽  
Joel Monday Abu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Multiple Sexual Partners ◽  
Human T Cell ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

BACKGROUND: There is the paucity of HTLV-1/-2 studies on Nigerian pregnant women despite the medical and public health significance of maternal-to-child transmission of HTLV-1/-2. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors of HTLV-1/-2 infections among pregnant women attending the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital (UATH), Abuja, Nigeria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Blood samples were collected from consented pregnant women and analysed for ant-HTLV-1/-2 total antibodies using a commercial Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kit. Pretested structured questionnaires were used to collate participants’ socio-demographic variables and risk factors of HTLV infection. RESULTS: Out of the 156 pregnant women tested for HTLV-1/-2 antibodies, 16 (10.3%) were seropositive. There was no significant association between the socio-demographic variables collated and seroprevalence of HTLV-1/-2 infection among pregnant women (p> 0.05). Pregnant women with HIV infection had a lower prevalence of HLTV-1/-2 infection than those without HIV infections (7.5% versus 11.7%). Pregnant women with multiple sexual partners had a higher risk of HTLV-1/-2 infection than those who had single (OR = 2.08, 95% CI: 0.53–8.18). Women with a history of needles injury had a higher risk of HTLV-1/-2 infection than those who do not (OR = 1.24, 95% CI: 0.38–4.08). The history of blood transfusion was significantly associated with HTLV-1/-2 infection (p= 0.027). However, no significant association existed between other risk factors of HTLV-1/-2 infection among pregnant women (p> 0.05). CONCLUSION: Considering the 3% pooled national prevalence of HTLV-1/-2 infection in Nigeria, the seroprevalence reported in this study is relatively high. Thus, there is a need for more large cohort studies and routine screening of population at increased risk of infection.

scholarly journals Prenatal exposure to acid suppressant medications and risk of allergen sensitization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lacey B. Robinson ◽  
Anna Arroyo ◽  
Ruth J. Geller ◽  
Ashley F. Sullivan ◽  
Carlos Camargo Jr
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Childhood Asthma ◽  
Allergen Sensitization ◽  
Environmental Allergen ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

In conclusion, in a cohort of children with a history of severe bronchiolitis those exposed to ASM prenatally are not at increased risk of developing food or environmental allergen sensitization by early childhood. The mechanism by which ASM exposure increases risk of childhood asthma remains unclear, but alterations in the gut microbiome merit consideration.

scholarly journals Increased risk of diseases of the basal ganglia and cerebellum in patients with a history of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (13) ◽  
pp. 2548-2555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Curtin ◽  
Annette E. Fleckenstein ◽  
Brooks R. Keeshin ◽  
Deborah A. Yurgelun-Todd ◽  
Perry F. Renshaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals The Influence of ICAM1 3 ′ UTR Gene Polymorphism on the Occurrence and Metastasis of Primary Liver Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Li He ◽  
Suwen Wang ◽  
Xusheng Ma
Keyword(s):  
Primary Liver Cancer ◽  
Recessive Model ◽  
Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Dominant Model ◽  
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 ◽  
Dominance Model ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

Objective. In this study, we explored the influence of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the noncoding region of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1) gene on the occurrence and metastasis of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC). Methods. Sanger sequencing was used to analyze the genotypes of rs3093032, rs923366, and rs281437 locus in the 3 ′ untranslated region (UTR) of the ICAM1 gene. The level of plasma ICAM1 was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results. After adjusting for risk factors such as BMI, smoking, drinking, family history of tumors, and hepatitis B virus test results, the CT genotype at rs3093032 of the ICAM1 gene ( OR = 0.19 , 95% CI: 0.08-0.44, P < 0.01 ), dominance model ( OR = 0.23 , 95% CI: 0.11-0.48, P < 0.01 ), and T allele ( OR = 0.27 , 95% CI: 0.14-0.53, P < 0.01 ) were related to the reduced risk of PHC susceptibility. rs923366 locus CT genotype ( OR = 0.63 , 95% CI: 0.44-0.90, P = 0.01 ), TT genotype ( OR = 0.23 , 95% CI: 0.10-0.53, P < 0.01 ), dominant model ( OR = 0.55 , 95% CI: 0.39-0.77, P < 0.01 ), recessive model ( OR = 0.28 , 95% CI: 0.12-0.62, P < 0.01 ), and T allele ( OR = 0.55 , 95% CI: 0.42-0.73, P < 0.01 ) were related to a reduction in the risk of PHC susceptibility. rs281437 locus CT genotype ( OR = 2.08 , 95% CI: 1.40-3.09, P < 0.01 ), TT genotype ( OR = 5.20 , 95% CI: 2.22-12.17, P < 0.01 ), dominant model ( OR = 2.45 , 95% CI: 1.69-3.54, P < 0.01 ), recessive model ( OR = 4.32 , 95% CI: 1.86-10.06, P < 0.01 ), and T allele ( OR = 2.46 , 95% CI: 1.79-3.38, P < 0.01 ) were significantly related to the increased risk of PHC susceptibility. SNPs at rs3093032, rs923366, and rs281437 of the ICAM1 gene were significantly correlated with TNM stage and tumor metastasis of PHC patients ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. SNPs at rs3093032, rs923366, and rs281437 in the 3 ′ UTR region of the ICAM1 gene are related to the occurrence and metastasis of PHC.

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