Exploration, Collection and Characterization of Kala zeera (Bunium persicum Boiss. Fedtsch.) Germplasm from North-Western Himalayas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Anwar Khan ◽  
Suhail Altaf ◽  
Safoora Shafi ◽  
Bilal Ahmad Bhat ◽  
Waseem Ali Dar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Western Himalayas ◽  
Bunium Persicum ◽  
The World ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Exploration Mission ◽  
Germplasm Accessions

Abstract Kala zeera (Bunium persicum Boiss. Fedtsch.) is one of the most important spice crop in the world. A set of two hundred fifty two (252) diverse kala zeera germplasm accessions were collected during an exploration mission from hot-spot regions /hills dividing two neighboring countries (India-Pakistan) on line of control (LOC) and hills near line of actual control (LAC) with China. The crop grows wild in its natural habitat mainly in Gurez valley, Tulail, Kashtiwar, Keran, Machil Tangdhar, Machil, Drass, Paddar, Khrew, Char-e-Sharief, Pang, Lahaul spiti, Shaung, Bharmour and Almora hills of Indian Western Himalayas. The germplasm collected has been characterized for morpho-agronomic traits and the analysis of trait data revealed significant variability in number of branches plant-1, number of umbelets umbel-1, number of seeds plant-1, seed yield per plant and 1000 seed weight. The collection and characterization of 252 Kala zeera germplasm accessions can prove useful in future Kala zeera improvement programs in the world as this is first such comprehensive report of the crop from Western Himalayan region of India.

scholarly journals Short Communication: Preliminary characterization of groundcherry (Physalis angulata) from East Java Province, Indonesia based on morpho-agronomic traits

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Halimatus Sadiyah ◽  
Andy Soegianto ◽  
Budi Waluyo ◽  
Sumeru Ashari
Keyword(s):  
Short Communication ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Optimum Number ◽  
Preliminary Characterization ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Physalis Angulata

Abstract. Sadiyah H, Soegianto A, Waluyo B, Ashari S. 2020. Short Communication: Preliminary characterization of groundcherry (Physalis angulata) from East Java Province, Indonesia based on morpho-agronomic traits. Biodiversitas 21: 759-769. Accurate knowledge of the genetic relationships between different germplasms is important for successful crop improvement programs through breeding. This work aimed to i) characterize the groundcherry germplasm collected from the field of eastern Java and Madura Island based on their morpho-agronomic performance, ii) investigate the relationships among the different germplasms, and iii) verify whether simultaneous analysis of quantitative-qualitative data (joint analysis) can reveal new clustering patterns. A total of 26 quantitative and 31 qualitative traits were measured and evaluated for 28 accessions. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to select variables that had significant loading, based on a t-test, for inclusion in cluster analysis. The first clustering method was the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA), which only involved quantitative variables using the Manhattan distance. This method was followed by a joint analysis using Gower dissimilarity. Nonparametric multivariate analysis of variance test showed that four clusters were the optimum number for both methods, but the clusters for each method had different members. The coefficient of variation ranged from 3.9 (fruit pH) to 45.5 (productivity per plant), indicating that improvement in the productivity in groundcherry was promising. The mean values of the morpho-agronomic traits for accessions from eastern Java and Madura Island were not significantly different, except for fruit firmness and the mean length of two internodes. In general, geographic isolation did not have much influence on the characteristics of an accession, since there were accessions from these two regions that were members of the same group, identified by the clustering analysis.

Biological and agronomic characterization of bread wheat (Triticum aes-tivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivated in the region of Constantine, Algeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 572-582
Author(s):  
Boudersa Nabil ◽  
Chaib Ghania ◽  
Cherfia Radia ◽  
Atoui Aicha ◽  
Boudour Leila
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Cereal Species ◽  
Improvement Programs

The biological and agronomic characterization of cereals constitutes a pre-liminary and essential step for the assessment of genetic diversity state which must be valued, exploited and known in a clear and complete manner in order to be able to exploit them in improvement and adaptation programs of cereals. In this context, our study was carried out during the 2018/2019 agricultural campaign on the experimental site of the technical institute of field crops ITGC of El Khroub (Constantine, Algeria). Its objective was to char-acterize the biological and agronomic diversity in two cereal species, bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) by evaluating many pheno-morphological, physiological and biochemical characters as well as production traits (agronomic traits). The correlation coefficients analysis between traits indicates that the short and early heading varieties which accumulate less proline are more productive than varieties which are charac-terized by long straw and late heading in both species. However, it has been noted that barley varieties reach heading before bread wheat varieties. In addition, it shows that the grain yield is positively correlated with these com-ponents, in particular with the number of seeds per ear, the number of ears per square meter, and with the following parameters: the surface of the flag leaf and its content of chlorophyll pigments, the totality of the ear character-istics such as the length of the ear neck. These results lead us to say that an indirect selection via these crops can be beneficial for the production and improvement programs of cereals.

scholarly journals Investigation of obsolete diversity of rye (Secale cereale L.) using multiplexed SSR fingerprinting and evaluation of agronomic traits

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-529
Author(s):  
Malgorzata Targonska-Karasek ◽  
Maja Boczkowska ◽  
Wieslaw Podyma ◽  
Małgorzata Pasnik ◽  
Maciej Niedzielski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
The World ◽  
Secale Cereale L

Abstract Common rye (Secale cereale L.) is one of the most important cereals in Europe. Nevertheless, its germplasm collections are among the least numerous compared with cereals. There are only about 27,000 Secale accessions in 70 gene banks around the world. Despite extensive research on the molecular characterization of genetic resources, only a fraction of this collection has been described. The main objective of the presented study was to perform genotypic and phenotypic characterization of an obsolete gene pool represented by 100 accessions originated from 28 countries around the world and preserved in the gene bank of the Polish Academy of Sciences Botanical Garden – Center for Biological Diversity Conservation in Powsin. Genetic analysis using simple sequence repeat markers showed that the obsolete gene pool is relatively large. This indicates that different sources of variability were used in breeding programs. However, the genetic variation is in no way related to the place of origin. Despite the great differences in the genetic make-up, the collection showed a broadly common phenotype. This could result in a low level of interest among breeders in the stored germplasm, undervalued as a source of important but not easily observable traits, e.g., high disease resistance, which was found in some accessions.

scholarly journals Characterization of Endophytic Fungi from Western Ghat Orchid : Cleisostoma tenuifolium

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
Darsha S ◽  
Jayashankar M
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Western Ghat ◽  
Similarity Matrix ◽  
Aspergillus Aculeatus ◽  
The World

Western Ghats is one of the hottest hot spot in the world. Cleisostoma tenuifolium is an epiphytic orchid from the heart of this region. We have isolated and identified four endophytic fungi from this plant. Characterization of these fungi were done by analyzing the sequences. Genome were quantified and sequenced. Sequence similarity matrix were prepared by comparing the ITS region sequence of obtained fungi with its closely related fungal species from NCBI database. Phylogenetic tree were also constructed for further comparing the homological features of these fungi. From the study, the obtained fungi were Aspergillus flavus MT464452, Cladosporium xanthochromaticum MT464453, Colletotrichum cymbidicola MT464454, Aspergillus aculeatus MT464455. The wide variety of endophytic fungi isolated from the plant C. tenuifolium that belongs to Orchidaceae family further highlights the importance of orchids as reservoirs of fungal biodiversity and its conservation.

scholarly journals The absence of the caffeine synthase gene is involved in the naturally decaffeinated status of Coffea humblotiana, a wild species from Comoro archipelago

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Raharimalala ◽  
Stephane Rombauts ◽  
Andrew McCarthy ◽  
Andréa Garavito ◽  
Simon Orozco-Arias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
Illegitimate Recombination ◽  
Recombination Mechanism ◽  
Comparative Analyses ◽  
Robusta Coffee ◽  
Caffeine Synthase ◽  
The World ◽  
Decaffeinated Coffee ◽  
Chromosome Level

AbstractCaffeine is the most consumed alkaloid stimulant in the world. It is synthesized through the activity of three known N-methyltransferase proteins. Here we are reporting on the 422-Mb chromosome-level assembly of the Coffea humblotiana genome, a wild and endangered, naturally caffeine-free, species from the Comoro archipelago. We predicted 32,874 genes and anchored 88.7% of the sequence onto the 11 chromosomes. Comparative analyses with the African Robusta coffee genome (C. canephora) revealed an extensive genome conservation, despite an estimated 11 million years of divergence and a broad diversity of genome sizes within the Coffea genus. In this genome, the absence of caffeine is likely due to the absence of the caffeine synthase gene which converts theobromine into caffeine through an illegitimate recombination mechanism. These findings pave the way for further characterization of caffeine-free species in the Coffea genus and will guide research towards naturally-decaffeinated coffee drinks for consumers.

scholarly journals Characterization of common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) germplasm for morphological and seed nutrient traits from Western Himalayas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofora Jan ◽  
Irshad Ahmad Rather ◽  
Parvaze Ahmad Sofi ◽  
Mohd Altaf Wani ◽  
Farooq Ahmad Sheikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Western Himalayas ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Nutrient Traits

scholarly journals Genetic mapping and transcriptomic characterization of a new fuzzless-tufted cottonseed mutant

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian-Hao Zhu ◽  
Warwick Stiller ◽  
Philippe Moncuquet ◽  
Stuart Gordon ◽  
Yuman Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Mutant Phenotype ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Calcium Dependent ◽  
Dependent Protein ◽  
Flanking Region ◽  
Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis

Abstract Fiber mutants are unique and valuable resources for understanding the genetic and molecular mechanisms controlling initiation and development of cotton fibers that are extremely elongated single epidermal cells protruding from the seed coat of cottonseeds. In this study, we reported a new fuzzless-tufted cotton mutant (Gossypium hirsutum) and showed that fuzzless-tufted near-isogenic lines (NILs) had similar agronomic traits and a higher ginning efficiency compared to their recurrent parents with normal fuzzy seeds. Genetic analysis revealed that the mutant phenotype is determined by a single incomplete dominant locus, designated N5. The mutation was fine mapped to an approximately 250-kb interval containing 33 annotated genes using a combination of bulked segregant sequencing, SNP chip genotyping, and fine mapping. Comparative transcriptomic analysis using 0–6 days post-anthesis (dpa) ovules from NILs segregating for the phenotypes of fuzzless-tufted (mutant) and normal fuzzy cottonseeds (wild-type) uncovered candidate genes responsible for the mutant phenotype. It also revealed that the flanking region of the N5 locus is enriched with differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the mutant and wild-type. Several of those DEGs are members of the gene families with demonstrated roles in cell initiation and elongation, such as calcium-dependent protein kinase and expansin. The transcriptome landscape of the mutant was significantly reprogrammed in the 6 dpa ovules and, to a less extent, in the 0 dpa ovules, but not in the 2 and 4 dpa ovules. At both 0 and 6 dpa, the reprogrammed mutant transcriptome was mainly associated with cell wall modifications and transmembrane transportation, while transcription factor activity was significantly altered in the 6 dpa mutant ovules. These results imply a similar molecular basis for initiation of lint and fuzz fibers despite certain differences.

scholarly journals Recent advances in CRISPR/Cas9 and applications for wheat functional genomics and breeding

aBIOTECH ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Li ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Ligeng Ma
Keyword(s):  
Functional Genomics ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Functional Annotation ◽  
Genome Engineering ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Base Editing ◽  
The World ◽  
World Food Security

AbstractCommon wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the three major food crops in the world; thus, wheat breeding programs are important for world food security. Characterizing the genes that control important agronomic traits and finding new ways to alter them are necessary to improve wheat breeding. Functional genomics and breeding in polyploid wheat has been greatly accelerated by the advent of several powerful tools, especially CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology, which allows multiplex genome engineering. Here, we describe the development of CRISPR/Cas9, which has revolutionized the field of genome editing. In addition, we emphasize technological breakthroughs (e.g., base editing and prime editing) based on CRISPR/Cas9. We also summarize recent applications and advances in the functional annotation and breeding of wheat, and we introduce the production of CRISPR-edited DNA-free wheat. Combined with other achievements, CRISPR and CRISPR-based genome editing will speed progress in wheat biology and promote sustainable agriculture.

scholarly journals Theoretical and Empirical Characterization of Water as a Factor: Examples and Related Issues with the World Trade Model

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 459
Author(s):  
Ignacio Cazcarro ◽  
Albert E. Steenge
Keyword(s):  
World Trade ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Virtual Water ◽  
Considerable Change ◽  
Water Research ◽  
Trade Model ◽  
The World ◽  
Main Model ◽  
Selection Of

This article originates from the theoretical and empirical characterization of factors in the World Trade Model (WTM). It first illustrates the usefulness of this type of model for water research to address policy questions related to virtual water trade, water constraints and water scarcity. It also illustrates the importance of certain key decisions regarding the heterogeneity of water and its relation to the technologies being employed and the prices obtained. With regard to WTM, the global economic input–output model in which multiple technologies can produce a “homogeneous output”, it was recently shown that two different mechanisms should be distinguished by which multiple technologies can arise, i.e., from “technology-specific” or from “shared” factors, which implies a mechanism-specific set of prices, quantities and rents. We discuss and extend these characterizations, notably in relation to the real-world characterization of water as a factor (for which we use the terms technology specific, fully shared and “mixed”). We propose that the presence of these separate mechanisms results in the models being sensitive to relatively small variations in specific numerical values. To address this sensitivity, we suggest a specific role for specific (sub)models or key choices to counter unrealistic model outcomes. To support our proposal we present a selection of simulations for aggregated world regions, and show how key results concerning quantities, prices and rents can be subject to considerable change depending on the precise definitions of resource endowments and the technology-specificity of the factors. For instance, depending on the adopted water heterogeneity level, outcomes can vary from relatively low-cost solutions to higher cost ones and can even reach infeasibility. In the main model discussed here (WTM) factor prices are exogenous, which also contributes to the overall numerical sensitivity of the model. All this affects to a large extent our interpretation of the water challenges, which preferably need to be assessed in integrated frameworks, to account for the main socioeconomic variables, technologies and resources.

Area Studies and Desire: Towards a Genealogy

1997 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-65
Author(s):  
Hye-Joon Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Area Studies ◽  
Western Area ◽  
The World ◽  
38Th Parallel ◽  
The One

Area studies, as a newly fashionable field of academic research, needs to recognize its less likely precedents if it is going to secure for itself a fresh start. The question of “desire” is relevant here because it indicates the less value-free aspects in its genealogy. As shown in Emma Bovary's embellished representation of Paris at her provincial home, an understanding of an area often reflects the particular needs and desires of the one who understands that area. Such restricted and restricting views of an area repeats itself outside the world of literary fictions, as is shown by the example of Guizot's picture of Europe in which his own country is given a privileged place as the very center of Western civilization itself. An instructive case showing the thin line between the projected desire of one who strives to know a geographical area and the scientific purity of the labor itself is further offered by Napoleon Bonaparte's heavy reliance on Orientalist scholarship in his invasion of Egypt. Moving further east from Egypt to China, we witness the denigrating remarks on China made by the great German thinkers of the past century, Hegel and Weber. Although their characterization of Chinese culture could find echoes in unbiased empirical research, they reveal all the same the trace of Europeans' desire to affirm their superiority over the supposedly inferior and false civilization of the East. Similarly, the Americans who divided the Korean peninsular at the 38th Parallel, with unquestioning confidence in their knowledge of the area and in the justice of their action, rightfully deserve their place in the tradition of Western area studies of serving the needs to dominate, control and exploit an objectified overseas territory. He assumed that words had kept their meaning, that desires still pointed in a single direction, and that ideas retained their logic; and he ignored the fact that the world of speech and desires has known invasions, struggles, plundering, disguises, ploys. From these elements, however, genealogy retrieves an indispensable restraint: it must record the singularity of events outside of any monotonous finality; it must seek them in the most unpromising places, in what we tend to feel is without history—in sentiments, love, conscience, instincts; it must be sensitive to their recurrence, not in order to trace the gradual curve of their evolution, but to isolate the different scenes where they engaged in different roles. — Michel Foucault, “Nietzsche, Genealogy, History” (Foucault 139–40).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document