KIF15 is An Oncogene of Prostate Cancer and is A Key Prognostic Factor in Patients with Prostate Cancer

Abstract Background KIF15, a member of kinesin superfamily proteins, has been found that play a of vital role in the carcinogenesis of various malignant tumor. But whether KIF15 can facilitate the evolution of prostate cancer (PCa) is still unknown. This study aims to explore its biological function in PCa cells and its relevance to prognosis and clinical features in PCa patients. Material and Methods KIF15 expression at mRNA and protein level in tumor and normal tissues was detected by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. Then the correlations between KIF15 expression and PCa patients’ clinical characteristics was analyzed. After inhibiting the expression of KIF15 by shRNA, the role of KIF15 on proliferative capacity of PCa was evaluated by using MTT assay. The function of KIF15 on metastatic potential of PCa was determined by using transwell assay. The prognostic value of KIF15 was determined by using bioinformatics analysis. Results Compared with normal tissues, KIF15 was overexpressed in PCa tissues. After knocking down KIF15 in C4-2 and Lncap cell lines, the proliferation (P < 0.001) and invasion (P < 0.001) capabilities of tumor cells are significantly reduced compared to the shCON group. The proliferation marker Ki67 and the metastasis-related marker MMP9 were also significantly reduced in two cell lines after silencing KIF15. Except that, increased KIF15 in tumor tissue is associated with clinical stage (P = 0.004), seminal vesicle invasion (P = 0.02), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.03), and poor disease-free survival (P < 0.05) in PCa patients. Conclusions The results proved that KIF15 might served as a prognostic factor and therapeutic target in prostate cancer, and play as a vital regulatory factor in tumorigenesis and cancer development of prostate cancer.

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PPM1G promotes the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma via phosphorylation regulation of alternative splicing protein SRSF3

Cell Death and Disease ◽

10.1038/s41419-021-04013-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

Author(s):

Dawei Chen ◽

Zhenguo Zhao ◽

Lu Chen ◽

Qinghua Li ◽

Jixue Zou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽

Alternative Splicing ◽

Protein Function ◽

Vital Role ◽

Normal Tissues ◽

Mechanistic Analysis ◽

Highly Correlated ◽

Splicing Patterns

AbstractEmerging evidence has demonstrated that alternative splicing has a vital role in regulating protein function, but how alternative splicing factors can be regulated remains unclear. We showed that the PPM1G, a protein phosphatase, regulated the phosphorylation of SRSF3 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and contributed to the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of HCC. PPM1G was highly expressed in HCC tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues, and higher levels of PPM1G were observed in adverse staged HCCs. The higher levels of PPM1G were highly correlated with poor prognosis, which was further validated in the TCGA cohort. The knockdown of PPM1G inhibited the cell growth and invasion of HCC cell lines. Further studies showed that the knockdown of PPM1G inhibited tumor growth in vivo. The mechanistic analysis showed that the PPM1G interacted with proteins related to alternative splicing, including SRSF3. Overexpression of PPM1G promoted the dephosphorylation of SRSF3 and changed the alternative splicing patterns of genes related to the cell cycle, the transcriptional regulation in HCC cells. In addition, we also demonstrated that the promoter of PPM1G was activated by multiple transcription factors and co-activators, including MYC/MAX and EP300, MED1, and ELF1. Our study highlighted the essential role of PPM1G in HCC and shed new light on unveiling the regulation of alternative splicing in malignant transformation.

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Activation of MAT2A-RIP1 signaling axis reprograms monocytes in gastric cancer

Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer ◽

10.1136/jitc-2020-001364 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. e001364

Author(s):

Yan Zhang ◽

Hui Yang ◽

Jun Zhao ◽

Ping Wan ◽

Ye Hu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Cell Metabolism ◽

Vital Role ◽

Methionine Metabolism ◽

Promoter Regions ◽

Normal Tissues ◽

Methionine Cycle

BackgroundThe activation of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) facilitates the progression of gastric cancer (GC). Cell metabolism reprogramming has been shown to play a vital role in the polarization of TAMs. However, the role of methionine metabolism in function of TAMs remains to be explored.MethodsMonocytes/macrophages were isolated from peripheral blood, tumor tissues or normal tissues from healthy donors or patients with GC. The role of methionine metabolism in the activation of TAMs was evaluated with both in vivo analyses and in vitro experiments. Pharmacological inhibition of the methionine cycle and modulation of key metabolic genes was employed, where molecular and biological analyses were performed.ResultsTAMs have increased methionine cycle activity that are mainly attributed to elevated methionine adenosyltransferase II alpha (MAT2A) levels. MAT2A modulates the activation and maintenance of the phenotype of TAMs and mediates the upregulation of RIP1 by increasing the histone H3K4 methylation (H3K4me3) at its promoter regions.ConclusionsOur data cast light on a novel mechanism by which methionine metabolism regulates the anti-inflammatory functions of monocytes in GC. MAT2A might be a potential therapeutic target for cancer cells as well as TAMs in GC.

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Lamin B1 promotes tumor progression and metastasis in primary prostate cancer patients

Future Oncology ◽

10.2217/fon-2020-0825 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Fei Luo ◽

Jiaxi Han ◽

Yatong Chen ◽

Kuo Yang ◽

Zhihua Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Tumor Progression ◽

Cancer Metastasis ◽

Disease Free Survival ◽

Free Survival ◽

Lamin B1 ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

Primary Prostate Cancer ◽

Clinical Relationship

Aims: To determine the role of lamin B1 (LMNB1) in the progression and metastasis of primary prostate cancer (PC). Patients & methods: Two PC cohorts were used to investigate the clinical relationship between LMNB1 expression and tumor progression and metastasis. Results: The qRT-PCR results revealed that LMNB1 expression was markedly increased in patients with aggressive features and was associated with worse prognosis. Logistic regression analyses indicated that LMNB1 expression is an independent risk factor for distant metastasis. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that increased LMNB1 levels were related to poor disease-free survival in the primary PC cohort. Conclusion: This study reveals that upregulation of LMNB1 is associated with cancer metastasis and poor survival outcomes in primary PC patients.

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IL6 sensitizes prostate cancer to the antiproliferative effect of IFNα2 through IRF9

Endocrine Related Cancer ◽

10.1530/erc-13-0222 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 20 (5) ◽

pp. 677-689 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Holger H H Erb ◽

Regina V Langlechner ◽

Patrizia L Moser ◽

Florian Handle ◽

Tineke Casneuf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Cell Lines ◽

Cellular Proliferation ◽

Tissue Expression ◽

Type I ◽

Regulatory Factor ◽

Quantitative Real Time Pcr ◽

Antiproliferative Effects ◽

Protein Levels

Development and progression of prostate cancer (PCa) are associated with chronic inflammation. The cytokine interleukin 6 (IL6) can influence progression, differentiation, survival, and angiogenesis of PCa. To identify novel pathways that are triggered by IL6, we performed a gene expression profiling of two PCa cell lines, LNCaP and MDA PCa 2b, treated with 5 ng/ml IL6. Interferon (IFN) regulatory factor 9 (IRF9) was identified as one of the most prevalent IL6-regulated genes in both cell lines. IRF9 is a mediator of type I IFN signaling and acts together with STAT1 and 2 to activate transcription of IFN-responsive genes. The IL6 regulation of IRF9 was confirmed at mRNA and protein levels by quantitative real-time PCR and western blot respectively in both cell lines and could be blocked by the anti-IL6 antibody Siltuximab. Three PCa cell lines, PC3, Du-145, and LNCaP-IL6+, with an autocrine IL6 loop displayed high expression of IRF9. A tissue microarray with 36 PCa tissues showed that IRF9 protein expression is moderately elevated in malignant areas and positively correlates with the tissue expression of IL6. Downregulation and overexpression of IRF9 provided evidence for an IFN-independent role of IRF9 in cellular proliferation of different PCa cell lines. Furthermore, expression of IRF9 was essential to mediate the antiproliferative effects of IFNα2. We concluded that IL6 is an inducer of IRF9 expression in PCa and a sensitizer for the antiproliferative effects of IFNα2.

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Activity of different anthracycline formulations in hormone-refractory prostate cancer cell lines: Role of golgi apparatus

Journal of Cellular Physiology ◽

10.1002/jcp.22654 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 226 (11) ◽

pp. 3035-3042 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Francesco Fabbri ◽

Wainer Zoli ◽

Silvia Carloni ◽

Paola Ulivi ◽

Chiara Arienti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Golgi Apparatus ◽

Cell Lines ◽

Cancer Cell ◽

Prostate Cancer Cell ◽

Cancer Cell Lines ◽

Hormone Refractory Prostate Cancer ◽

Prostate Cancer Cell Lines ◽

Hormone Refractory

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Oxidative DNA base modifications as factors in carcinogenesis.

Acta Biochimica Polonica ◽

10.18388/abp.1998_4248 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

pp. 561-572 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

R Olinski ◽

P Jaruga ◽

T H Zastawny

Keyword(s):

Metastatic Potential ◽

Base Damage ◽

Normal Tissues ◽

Dna Base ◽

Dna Modifications ◽

Cancer Initiation ◽

Base Modifications ◽

Therapeutic Doses ◽

Oxidative Base Damage

Reactive oxygen species can cause extensive DNA modifications including modified bases. Some of the DNA base damage has been found to possess premutagenic properties. Therefore, if not repaired, it can contribute to carcinogenesis. We have found elevated amounts of modified bases in cancerous and precancerous tissues as compared with normal tissues. Most of the agents used in anticancer therapy are paradoxically responsible for induction of secondary malignancies and some of them may generate free radicals. The results of our experiments provide evidence that exposure of cancer patients to therapeutic doses of ionizing radiation and anticancer drugs causes base modifications in genomic DNA of lymphocytes. Some of these base damages could lead to mutagenesis in critical genes and ultimately to secondary cancers such as leukemias. This may point to an important role of oxidative base damage in cancer initiation. Alternatively, the increased level of the modified base products may contribute to genetic instability and metastatic potential of tumor cells.

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The Cardiac Glycoside Deslanoside Exerts Anticancer Activity in Prostate Cancer Cells by Modulating Multiple Signaling Pathways

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13225809 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (22) ◽

pp. 5809

Author(s):

Mingcheng Liu ◽

Qingqing Huang ◽

Jun A ◽

Linyue Li ◽

Xiawei Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Cell Cycle ◽

Anticancer Activity ◽

Signaling Pathways ◽

Cell Lines ◽

Cardiac Glycoside ◽

Cardiac Glycosides ◽

Disease Free Survival ◽

Diverse Range ◽

Multiple Signaling

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths among men worldwide, and novel therapies for advanced PCa are urgently needed. Cardiac glycosides represent an attractive group of candidates for anticancer repurposing, but the cardiac glycoside deslanoside has not been tested for potential anticancer activity so far. We found that deslanoside effectively inhibited colony formation in vitro and tumor growth in nude mice of PCa cell lines 22Rv1, PC-3, and DU 145. Such an anticancer activity was mediated by both the cell cycle arrest at G2/M and the induction of apoptosis, as demonstrated by different functional assays and the expression status of regulatory proteins of cell cycle and apoptosis in cultured cells. Moreover, deslanoside suppressed the invasion and migration of PCa cell lines. Genome-wide expression profiling and bioinformatic analyses revealed that 130 genes were either upregulated or downregulated by deslanoside in both 22Rv1 and PC-3 cell lines. These genes enriched multiple cellular processes, such as response to steroid hormones, regulation of lipid metabolism, epithelial cell proliferation and its regulation, and negative regulation of cell migration. They also enriched multiple signaling pathways, such as necroptosis, MAPK, NOD-like receptor, and focal adhesion. Survival analyses of the 130 genes in the TCGA PCa database revealed that 10 of the deslanoside-downregulated genes (ITG2B, CNIH2, FBF1, PABPC1L, MMP11, DUSP9, TMEM121, SOX18, CMPK2, and MAMDC4) inversely correlated, while one deslanoside-upregulated gene (RASD1) positively correlated, with disease-free survival in PCa patients. In addition, one deslanoside-downregulated gene (ENG) inversely correlated, while three upregulated genes (JUN, MXD1, and AQP3) positively correlated with overall survival in PCa patients. Some of the 15 genes have not been implicated in cancer before. These findings provide another candidate for repurposing cardiac glycosides for anticancer drugs. They also suggest that a diverse range of molecular events underlie deslanoside’s anticancer activity in PCa cells.

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SPOP Could Play a Potential Inhibitory Role in Human Renal Cell Carcinoma

10.21203/rs.3.rs-395336/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

zhi chen ◽

Zuan Li ◽

Deyong Nong ◽

Ximing Li ◽

Guihai Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Cell Lines ◽

Renal Cell ◽

Immunohistochemical Staining ◽

Human Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽

Expression Levels ◽

Normal Tissues ◽

Proliferation And Apoptosis

Abstract Background: SPOP, a substrate adaptor of Cul3 ubiquitin ligase, plays crucial roles in solid neoplasms by promoting the ubiquitination and degradation of substrates. Limited studies have shown that SPOP is overexpressed in human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) tissue. However, the exact role of SPOP in RCC remains unclear and needs to be further elucidated. The present study showed that SPOP was expressed at different levels in different RCC cell lines. The purpose of this study was to explore the roles of SPOP in the biological features of RCC cells and determine the expression levels of SPOP in human tissue microarrays (TMAs) and kidney tissues.Methods: Here, SPOP was overexpressed by lentiviral vector transfection in ACHN and Caki-1 cells, and SPOP was knocked down in Caki-2 cells with similar transfection methods. The transfection efficiency was evaluated by quantitative PCR and western blotting analyses. The role of SPOP in the proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis of cell lines was determined by the MTT, wound-healing, Transwell and flow cytometry assays. Moreover, the cells were treated with different drug concentrations in proliferation and apoptosis assays to investigate the effect of sunitinib and IFN-α2b on the proliferation and apoptosis of SPOP-overexpressing cells and SPOP-knockdown RCC cells. Finally, immunohistochemical staining of SPOP was performed in kidney tissues and TMAs, which included RCC tissues and corresponding adjacent normal tissues.Results: Overexpression of SPOP inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion and increased cell apoptosis. Interestingly, sunitinib and IFN-α2b at several concentrations increased the proliferation inhibitory rate and total apoptosis rate of cells overexpressing SPOP. The findings of the present study showed that the SPOP protein was significantly expressed at low levels in most clear cell RCC (ccRCC) tissues and at relatively high levels in the majority of adjacent normal tissues and kidney tissues. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that there was no statistically significant difference in cumulative survival based on the data of different SPOP expression levels in TMA and patients.Conclusions: In contrast to previous studies, our findings demonstrated that overexpression of SPOP might suppress the progression of RCC cells, which was supported by cell experiments and immunohistochemical staining. SPOP could be a potential tumour inhibitor in RCC.

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Glucocorticoid receptor antagonism reverts docetaxel resistance in human prostate cancer

Endocrine Related Cancer ◽

10.1530/erc-15-0343 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 35-45 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Jan Kroon ◽

Martin Puhr ◽

Jeroen T Buijs ◽

Geertje van der Horst ◽

Daniëlle M Hemmer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Glucocorticoid Receptor ◽

Cell Lines ◽

Chemotherapy Resistance ◽

Clinical Problem ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Ru 486 ◽

Docetaxel Resistance ◽

Docetaxel Treatment

Resistance to docetaxel is a major clinical problem in advanced prostate cancer (PCa). Although glucocorticoids (GCs) are frequently used in combination with docetaxel, it is unclear to what extent GCs and their receptor, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), contribute to the chemotherapy resistance. In this study, we aim to elucidate the role of the GR in docetaxel-resistant PCa in order to improve the current PCa therapies. GR expression was analyzed in a tissue microarray of primary PCa specimens from chemonaive and docetaxel-treated patients, and in cultured PCa cell lines with an acquired docetaxel resistance (PC3-DR, DU145-DR, and 22Rv1-DR). We found a robust overexpression of the GR in primary PCa from docetaxel-treated patients and enhanced GR levels in cultured docetaxel-resistant human PCa cells, indicating a key role of the GR in docetaxel resistance. The capability of the GR antagonists (RU-486 and cyproterone acetate) to revert docetaxel resistance was investigated and revealed significant resensitization of docetaxel-resistant PCa cells for docetaxel treatment in a dose- and time-dependent manner, in which a complete restoration of docetaxel sensitivity was achieved in both androgen receptor (AR)-negative and AR-positive cell lines. Mechanistically, we demonstrated down-regulation of Bcl-xL and Bcl-2 upon GR antagonism, thereby defining potential treatment targets. In conclusion, we describe the involvement of the GR in the acquisition of docetaxel resistance in human PCa. Therapeutic targeting of the GR effectively resensitizes docetaxel-resistant PCa cells. These findings warrant further investigation of the clinical utility of the GR antagonists in the management of patients with advanced and docetaxel-resistant PCa.

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