scholarly journals Impacts of Short-Term Water Restriction on Pelibuey Sheep: Physiological and Blood Parameters

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Orlay Serrano ◽  
Asiel Villares-Garachana ◽  
Nelson Correa-Herrera ◽  
Abel González-Morales ◽  
Lisbet Pérez-Bonachea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Pelibuey Sheep ◽  
Response To Water ◽  
Global Population

Abstract One of the projected effects of climate change is a reduction in rainfall in certain regions of the world. Hence, the agricultural and livestock sectors will have to cope with increasing incidences of water shortage whilst still maintaining productivity levels to feed an ever increasing global population. This short communication reports on the effect of a two week water stress on Pelibuey sheep in Cuba. Three treatments were compared viz. supply of water ad libitum; water supplied once every 3 or 6 d. Following exposure to the water stress, the results showed no changes in sheep body weight or rectal temperature. However, respiration frequency was affected with water stress causing a reduction from 23.3 to 13.3 respirations per min in control and water deprived animals, respectively. Furthermore, there was evidence for hemoconcentration in response to water stress (levels of hemoglobin increased from 9.2 to 13.1 g L-1 and hematocrits from 27.6 to 39.3% in the control group and animals restricted to water once every 6 d. The imposed water stress was also evident in the reduction of lymphocytes (from ±63 to 43%), and in increase of neutrophils (from approximately 38 to 54%) and leukocytes (from 3133 to 4933 per mm3). The results indicated a decline in the levels of antioxidants, i.e. SOD (SOD from approximately 13 to 10 U mg-1 protein and CAT activity from 23 to 9 U mg-1 protein. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the response of Pelibuey sheep to short-term water shortage stress under Cuban environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Impacts of short-term water restriction on Pelibuey sheep: physiological and blood parameters

2022 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Orlay Serrano ◽  
Asiel Villares-Garachana ◽  
Nelson Correa-Herrera ◽  
Abel González-Morales ◽  
Lisbet Pérez-Bonachea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Pelibuey Sheep

scholarly journals WATER DEFICIT ENSURES THE PHOTOCHEMICAL EFFICIENCY OF Copaifera langsdorffii Desf1

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angélica Lino Rodrigues ◽  
Liane Lima ◽  
Thayssa Rabelo Schley ◽  
Luiz Fernando Rolim de Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Photochemical Activity ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Effective Quantum Yield ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Copaifera Langsdorffii

ABSTRACT The intensity and frequency of drought periods has increased according to climate change predictions. The fast overcome and recovery are important adaptive features for plant species found in regions presenting water shortage periods. Copaifera langsdorffii is a neotropical species that has developed leaves presenting physiological mechanisms and morphological adaptations that allow its survival under seasonal water stress. We aimed in this work to observe substantial physiological responses for water saving and damage representative to the photochemical reaction after exposed plants to water stress and to subsequent recovery. We found in plants mechanisms to control water loss through the lower stomatal conductance, even after rehydration. It goes against the rapid recovery of leaves, indicated by the relative water content values restored to previously unstressed plants. Stomatal conductance was the only variable presenting high plasticity index. In photochemical activity, the species presented higher photochemical quenching, electron transport rate and effective quantum yield of photosystem II when they were subjected to rehydration after water stress period. Our results suggest that C. langsdorffii presented rapid rehydration and higher photochemical efficiency even after water restriction. These data demonstrate that this species can be used as a model for physiological studies due to the adjustment developed in response to different environmental schemes.

scholarly journals Photosynthetic efficiency of Pedunculate oak seedlings under simulated water stress

2010 ◽  
pp. 139-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zorica Popovic ◽  
Slobodan Milanovic ◽  
Zoran Miletic ◽  
Miroslava Smiljanic
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pedunculate Oak ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Soil Water Regime ◽  
Oak Seedlings

Photosynthetic performance of seedlings of Quercus robur exposed to short-term water stress in the laboratory conditions was assessed through the method of induced fluorometry. The substrate for seedlings was clayey loam, with the dominant texture fraction made of silt, followed by clay and fine sand, with total porosity 68.2%. Seedlings were separated in two groups: control (C) (soil water regime in pots was maintained at the level of field water capacity) and treated (water-stressed, WS) (soil water regime was maintained in the range of wilting point and lentocapillary capacity). The photosynthetic efficiency was 0.642?0.25 and 0.522?0.024 (WS and C, respectively), which was mostly due to transplantation disturbances and sporadic leaf chlorosis. During the experiment Fv/Fm decreased in both groups (0.551?0.0100 and 0.427?0.018 in C and WS, respectively). Our results showed significant differences between stressed and control group, in regard to both observed parameters (Fv/Fm and T?). Photosynthetic efficiency of pedunculate oak seedlings was significantly affected by short-term water stress, but to a lesser extent than by sufficient watering.

scholarly journals Long term cyclic heat stress influences physiological responses and blood characteristics in indigenous sheep

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Rashid ◽  
MM Hossain ◽  
MAK Azad ◽  
MA Hashem
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Indigenous Sheep ◽  
Cyclic Heat

The present study was designed to elucidate changes in physiological and blood parameters of indigenous sheep during cyclic heat exposure. Twelve 2-4 year-old sheep with an average body weight of 10.5±0.5 kg were randomly allocated to one of three experimental heat treatments: control (21°C, stall feeding), short term (21°C to 32°C; 32°C for 4 h/d, grazing), and long term (21°C to 32°; 32°C for 8 h/d, grazing).The results have shown that sheep exposed to cyclic heat treatments exhibited higher (P=0.05) rectal temperature, body temperature, and respiratory rate compared to the control group. Cyclic heat treatments significantly decreased heart rate of sheep. There was a sharp reduction in rumination and an increase in time spent by sheep in eating during cyclic heat treatments. Long term heat treatment significantly increased RBC and WBC counts, PCV values, and hemoglobin level than that of the control and short term heat treatments. Similar responses were also observed in plasma glucose, uric acid, aspartate aminotransferase, and blood urea nitrogen levels. These results suggest that short term heat stress is tolerable but long term is physiologically detrimental to them to indigenous sheep.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v42i2.18486 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2013. 42 (2): 96-100

Review: Water stress in sheep raised under arid conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mabelle Chedid ◽  
Lina S. Jaber ◽  
Sylvie Giger-Reverdin ◽  
Christine Duvaux-Ponter ◽  
Shadi K. Hamadeh
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Small Volume ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Vitamin C Supplementation ◽  
Review Reports

Chedid, M., Jaber, L. S., Giger-Reverdin, S., Duvaux-Ponter, C. and Hamadeh, S. K. 2014. Review: Water stress in sheep raised under arid conditions. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 94: 243–257. Sheep breeds which are indigenous to arid and semi-arid regions are known for their ability to adapt to rustic environments, to climatic variations as well as to shortages in resources. Water scarcity, often combined with heat stress, is a common challenge facing these animals, causing physiological perturbations and affecting the animal's productivity. This review reports the effect of different forms of water stress on physiological indicators, blood parameters, thermoregulation and immunological status in sheep. Although the breed effect may be significant, the following are generally observed common responses: drop in feed intake and weight loss, increase in evaporative cooling through panting, production of a small volume of highly concentrated urine, haemoconcentration, high blood osmolality, and immunosuppression. Prolonged water shortage may affect lamb birth weight and survival, and lead to a decrease in milk production, especially in non-adapted breeds, which could lead to important economic losses, as reported in heat-stressed sheep husbandries. Novel stress alleviation approaches are also presented, such as vitamin C supplementation.

scholarly journals Alterations to oxidative stress markers in dogs after a short-term stress during transport

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chayanne S. Ferreira ◽  
Ricardo S. Vasconcellos ◽  
Raquel S. Pedreira ◽  
Flavio L. Silva ◽  
Fabiano C. Sá ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Short Term

AbstractWhile methods to evaluate antioxidant capacity in animals exist, one problem with the models is induction of oxidative stress. It is necessary to promote a great enough challenge to induce measurable alterations to oxidative parameters while ensuring the protocol is compatible with animal welfare. The aim of the present study was to evaluate caged transport as a viable short-term stress that would significantly affect oxidative parameters. Twenty adult Beagle dogs, maintained on the same diet for 60 d prior to the transport, were included in the study. To simulate the stress, the dogs were housed in pairs in transport cages (1·0 m × 1·0 m × 1·5 m), placed on a truck coupled to a trailer and transported for a period of 15 min. Blood collection was performed immediately before and again 3 h after the transportation to evaluate oxidative parameters in blood serum, including thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), sequestration activity of the radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH•), protein carbonylation (PC), total sulfhydryl groups (SH), alpha-tocopherol (αToc) and retinol (Ret). PC, SH and αToc were not significantly changed in the study; however, TBARS, TAC and DPPH increased, whereas Ret decreased after the transport. Although the lack of a control group of dogs not submitted to transport is a limitation to be considered, we conclude that the transport model is effective in inducing an antioxidant response in dogs and relevant blood parameters show sensitivity to this proposed model.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of water scarcity events to ENSO driven climate variability at the global scale

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 5465-5517 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. I. E. Veldkamp ◽  
S. Eisner ◽  
Y. Wada ◽  
J. C. J. H. Aerts ◽  
P. J. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Socioeconomic Conditions ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Global Population

Abstract. Globally, freshwater shortage is one of the most important risks for society. Changing hydro-climatic and socioeconomic conditions have aggravated water scarcity over the past decades. A wide range of studies show that water scarcity will intensify in the future, as a result of both increased consumptive water use and in some regions climate change However, less attention has been paid to the impacts of climate variability on water scarcity, despite its importance for adaptation planning. Therefore, we present the first global scale sensitivity assessment of water scarcity and water availability to El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the most dominant signal of climate variability. We show that over the time period 1961–2010, both water availability and water scarcity conditions are significantly correlated with ENSO-driven climate variability over a large proportion of the global land area (> 28.1%); an area inhabited by more than 31.4% of the global population. We also found, however, that climate variability alone is often not enough to trigger the actual incidence of water scarcity events. The sensitivity of a region to water scarcity events, expressed in terms of land area or population impacted, is determined by both hydro-climatic and socioeconomic conditions. Currently, the population actually impacted by water scarcity events consists of 39.6% (water stress) and 41.1% (water shortage) of the global population whilst only 11.4% (water stress) and 15.9% (water shortage) of the global population is at the same time living in areas sensitive to ENSO driven climate variability. These results are contrasted however by differences in found growth rates under changing socioeconomic conditions, which are relatively high in regions affected by water scarcity events. Given the correlations found between ENSO and both water availability and water scarcity, and the relative developments of water scarcity impacts under changing socioeconomic conditions, we suggest that there is potential for ENSO-based adaptation and risk reduction which could be facilitated by more research on this emerging topic.

A Newspaper’s Effect on the Strength of Automatic Associations in Memory

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Arendt
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Implicit Measure ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Short Term Effect ◽  
Automatic Associations ◽  
Foreign Nationality ◽  
The Impact

A test was done to see if reading a newspaper which consistently overrepresents foreigners as criminals strengthens the automatic association between foreign country and criminal in memory (i.e., implicit cultivation). Further, an investigation was done to find out if reading articles from the same newspaper produces a short-term effect on the same measure and if (1) emotionalization of the newspaper texts, (2) emotional reactions of the reader (indicated by arousal), and (3) attributed text credibility moderate the short-term treatment effect. Eighty-five participants were assigned to one of three experimental conditions. Participants in the control group received short factual crime texts, where the nationality of the offender was not mentioned. Participants in the factual treatment group received the same texts, but the foreign nationality was mentioned. Participants in the emotionalized treatment group received emotionalized articles (i.e., texts which are high in vividness and frequency) covering the same crimes, with the foreign nationality mentioned. Supporting empirical evidence for implicit cultivation and a short-term effect was found. However, only emotionalized articles produced a short-term effect on the strength of the automatic association, indicating that newspaper texts must have a minimum of stimulus intensity to overcome an effect threshold. There were no moderating effects of arousal or credibility pertaining to the impact on the implicit measure. However, credibility moderated the short-term effect on a first-order judgment (i.e., estimated frequency of foreigners of all criminals). This indicates that a newspaper’s effect on the strength of automatic associations is relatively independent from processes of propositional reasoning.

Effectiveness of humor on short term memory function in age matched elderly and diabetic subjects vs. control group

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gurinder S. Bains ◽  
Lee Berk ◽  
Noha Daher ◽  
Pooja Deshpande ◽  
Everett Lohman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory
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