scholarly journals Durability Performance On Alkali Activated Metakaolin And Bottom Ash Based Geopolymer Concrete

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Logesh Kumar M ◽  
Revathi V
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Geopolymer Concrete ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Durability Performance ◽  
Alkali Activated ◽  
Ambient Curing

Abstract This paper presents an experimental investigation on the durability properties of metakaolin (MK) and bottom ash (BA) blended geopolymer under different environmental exposure. The blended geopolymer concrete (GPC) was prepared with sodium based alkaline activators under ambient curing temperature. The concentration of sodium hydroxide used was 8M. The ratio of sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide was kept as 2.0. The performance of blended geopolymer concrete was compared with conventional concrete (CC). The test results reveal that blended geopolymer concrete develops a better performance against sulphate and acid resistance. Also, MK- BA GPC shows enhanced performance over the conventional concrete in terms of sorptivity, rapid chloride and water absorption.

Optimum Mixture Design of Bottom Ash Based Alkali-Activated Mortar Using Artificial Neural Networks

2010 ◽  
Vol 452-453 ◽  
pp. 733-736
Author(s):  
Su Tae Kang ◽  
Hyun Jin Kang ◽  
Gum Sung Ryu ◽  
Gyung Taek Koh ◽  
Jang Hwa Lee
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Mixture Design ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Alkali Activated

Bottom ash based alkali-activated mortar is prepared by incorporating sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate with some additional water if needed, and is activated with temperature curing. This research was conducted to derive an optimum mixture design of the bottom ash based alkali-activated mortar. The experimental studies were first performed to estimate the effect of the added water content, alkali activator to bottom ash ratio, sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide ratio as well as curing temperature on workability and strength. In order to optimize the mix proportion, based on the experimental results, artificial neural networks were introduced.

scholarly journals Some Durability Aspects of Ambient Cured Bottom Ash Geopolymer Concrete

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Saravanakumar ◽  
V. Revathi
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Passive Layer ◽  
Geopolymer Concrete ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Ion Diffusion ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Accelerated Corrosion ◽  
Chloride Ion Diffusion

Abstract The present study examines some durability aspects of ambient cured bottom ash geopolymer concrete (BA GPC) due to accelerated corrosion, sorptivity, and water absorption. The bottom ash geopolymer concrete was prepared with sodium based alkaline activators under ambient curing temperatures. The sodium hydroxide used concentration was 8M. The performance of BA GPC was compared with conventional concrete. The test results indicate that BA GPC developes a strong passive layer against chloride ion diffusion and provides better protection against corrosion. Both the initial and final rates of water absorption of BA GPC were about two times less than those of conventional concrete. The BA GPC significantly enhanced performance over equivalent grade conventional concrete (CC).

scholarly journals Strength Attainment of Geopolymer Concrete with GGBS at Ambient Curing

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2S2) ◽  
pp. 56-59
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Mix Design ◽  
Geopolymer Concrete ◽  
Ambient Curing ◽  
Test Result

Geopolymer concrete plays a major role in concrete industry by replacing cement and using the industrial wastes. In this study, the cement is completely replaced by GGBS and strength properties are analyzed. An M30 mix design is prepared and the specimens are cast and tested. For this, sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate are used as activator and its ratio is fixed as 1:2.5. Sodium hydroxide of 12 molarity, 550kg/m3 of GGBS is used in the study. Admixture La Hypercrete S25 (HTS code 38244090) is added in the mix by 1% of weight of GGBS to obtain the required workability. For compression study, cubes in 100 mm size are cast. Cylinders with 100mm dia and 200mm height are tested for splitting tensile strength and beam specimens of 500mm long and 100mm cross sections were cast for determining the flexure behaviour. The beams are subjected to ambient curing and tested at 3, 7, 14, 28 and 56 days. The test result shows that there is a gradual increment in all the strengths from 3 to 56 days and it proves that geopolymer concrete with GGBS cured at ambient temperature performs well in the strength properties.

scholarly journals Alkali Activated Paste and Concrete Based on of Biomass Bottom Ash with Phosphogypsum

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 5190
Author(s):  
Danutė Vaičiukynienė ◽  
Dalia Nizevičienė ◽  
Aras Kantautas ◽  
Vytautas Bocullo ◽  
Andrius Kielė
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Alkali Activated

There is a growing interest in the development of new cementitious binders for building construction activities. In this study, biomass bottom ash (BBA) was used as aluminosilicate precursor and phosphogypsum (PG) was used as a calcium source. The mixtures of BBA and PG were activated with the sodium hydroxide solution or the mixture of sodium hydroxide solution and sodium silicate hydrate solution. Alkali activated binders were investigated using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) test methods. The compressive strength of hardened paste and fine-grained concrete was also evaluated. After 28 days, the highest compressive strength reached 30.0 MPa—when the BBA was substituted with 15% PG and activated with NaOH solution—which is 14 MPa more than control sample. In addition, BBA fine-grained concrete samples based on BBA with 15% PG substitute activated with NaOH/Na2SiO3 solution showed higher compressive strength compered to when NaOH activator was used −15.4 MPa and 12.9 MPa respectfully. The NaOH/Na2SiO3 activator solution resulted reduced open porosity, so potentially the fine-grained concrete resistance to freeze and thaw increased.

scholarly journals Durability Studies on Concrete Made Using Pulverized Used Foundry Sand as A Mineral Admixture

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.3) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Salim P M ◽  
B S.R.K.Prasad ◽  
Seshadri Sekhar.T
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Mineral Admixture ◽  
Alkali Resistance ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Foundry Sand ◽  
Ordinary Concrete

Durability of the structures is a main concern now a day due to the various types of deteriorations caused by natural as well as manmade environmental conditions. In this project the durability properties of concrete made with pulverized used foundry sand as a mineral admixture is analyzed. The durability of concrete is mostly depends on the surrounding environment. The chemicals present in air and water are the main causes of deterioration of concrete in its life. So a deep study on the action of deteriorating chemicals on the concrete containing pulverized used foundry sand is initiated. Here M40 concrete is prepared with 0%,5%,10%,15% and 20% addition of pulverized used foundry sand to the cement content. Cubes of size 100mmx100mmx100mm were cast and tested for various parameters like Acid resistance with hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid, Sulphate attack with sodium sulphate and alkali resistance with sodium hydroxide for. The testing was performed on cubes at 28day, 56 day, 90 day and 180 day stored in respective chemicals dissolved in water at 5% concentration. From the test results it is inferred that the concrete containing pulverized used foundry sand is better in acid resistance than ordinary concrete without pulverized used foundry sand. Further the acid resistance for both hydrochloric and sulfuric acid shows an increase up to 15% addition of pulverized used foundry and after that it is slightly reduced. The samples subjected to sodium sulphate and sodium hydroxide has shown no variation in properties with respect to the water cured specimens.  

scholarly journals Incorporation of Alkali-Activated Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator Bottom Ash in Mortar and Concrete: A Critical Review

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rawaz Kurda ◽  
Rui Vasco Silva ◽  
Jorge de Brito
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Alkali Activation ◽  
Waste Incinerator ◽  
Alkaline Activator ◽  
Alkali Activated

In the light of one of the most common waste management issues in urban areas, namely the elimination of municipal solid waste (MSW; about 486 kg of the waste per capita were generated in the EU in 2017), this study discusses one technique as an outlet in the construction industry for the by-product of the waste’s incineration in energy recovery facilities (i.e., MSW incinerator bottom ash—MIBA). There have been some investigations on the use of MIBA as partial replacement of cement to be used in cementitious composites, such as concrete and mortars. However, the waste’s incorporation ratio is limited since further products of hydration may not be produced after a given replacement level and can lead to an unsustainable decline in performance. In order to maximize the incorporation of MIBA, some research studies have been conducted on the alkali activation of the waste as precursor. Thus, this study presents an extensive literature review of the most relevant investigations on the matter to understand the material’s applicability in construction. It analyses the performance of the alkali-activated MIBA as paste, mortar, and concrete from different perspectives. This literature review was made using search engines of several databases. In each database, the same search options were repeated using combinations of various representative keywords. Furthermore, several boundaries were made to find the most relevant studies for further inspection. The main findings of this review have shown that the chemical composition and reactivity of MIBA vary considerably, which may compromise performance comparison, standardization and commercialization. There are several factors that affect the performance of the material that need to be considered, e.g., type and content of precursor, alkaline activator, curing temperature and time, liquid to solid ratio, among others. MIBA-based alkali-activated materials (AAM) can be produced with a very wide range of compressive strength (0.3–160 MPa). The main factor affecting the performance of this precursor is the existence of metallic aluminum (Al), which leads to damaging expansive reactions and an increase in porosity due to hydrogen gas generation stemming from the reaction with the alkaline activator. Several approaches have been proposed to eliminate this issue. The most effective solution was found to be the removal of Al by means of eddy current electromagnetic separation.

Influence of Curing Temperature on the Mechanical Properties of Alkali-Activated Bottom Ash Geopolymer Mortar

2011 ◽  
Vol 488-489 ◽  
pp. 198-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gum Sung Ryu ◽  
Si Hwan Kim ◽  
Kyung Taek Koh ◽  
Su Tae Kang ◽  
Jang Hwa Lee
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Molar Concentration ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Active Research ◽  
Alkali Activated Concrete ◽  
Alkali Activated

The fabrication of Portland cement causes numerous problems accompanying the large exhaustion of gas. Even if fly ash, an industrial by-product produced in thermoelectric power plants, is recycled in concrete by partial replacing of cement, more than 50% remains still discharged in marine and ashore landfills and, continue to provoke environmental problems. Recently, active research has been dedicated to alkali-activated concrete that does not use cement as binder. This alkali-activated concrete as a cement zero concrete activated by alkali solution using bottom ash rich in Si and Al instead of cement is effective in reducing gas exhaustion. This study is a basic research for the fabrication of concrete without cement and using 100% of bottom ash among the industrial by-products. Therefore, the purposes are to develop cement zero concrete by evaluating the mechanical properties by age according to the change of the molar concentration and ratio (SH/SS) of the alkali-activator and the curing temperature, and to investigate the reaction mechanism. From the test results, the compressive strength increased with larger molar concentration and the optimal curing temperature was 60°C. In addition, the measurement of the leaching according to the molar concentration of fly ash having similar chemical composition showed that the leaching of Si4+ and Al3+ increased. Compared to 6M, the leached quantities of Si4+ and Al3+ were twice larger for 9M and 12M. The formation of gel at the surface of fly ash indicated that fly ash was more activated in higher alkaline environment.

Long-Term Behavior of Low-Heat Cement Concrete under Different Curing Temperatures

2016 ◽  
Vol 723 ◽  
pp. 819-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Sung Mun ◽  
Keun Hyeok Yang ◽  
Si Jun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Limestone Powder ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Mass Concrete ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Long Term Behavior ◽  
Ambient Curing ◽  
Ternary Blended Concrete

The present study is to estimate long-term characteristics of low-heat cement-based ternary blended concrete prepared for reducing hydration heat in mass concrete. 15% modified fly ash and 5% limestone powder were added for partial replacement of the low-heat cement. To achieve the designed compressive strength of 42 MPa, water-to-binder ratios were determined to be 27.5, 30 and 32.5% for ambient curing temperatures of 5, 20 and 40°C, respectively. Test results showed that, with the decrease in curing temperature, the drying shrinkage strains tended to decrease, whereas creep strain increased.

Using of recycled clay brick/fine soil to produce sodium hydroxide alkali activated mortars

2021 ◽  
pp. 136943322110157
Author(s):  
Radhwan Alzeebaree ◽  
Arass Omer Mawlod ◽  
Alaa Mohammedameen ◽  
Anıl Niş
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Clay Brick ◽  
Fine Soil ◽  
Brick Powder ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Water Sorptivity ◽  
Durability Performance ◽  
Alkali Activated

In the study, the recycled clay brick powder/fine soil powder-based sodium hydroxide alkali-activated mortar (AAM) specimens were prepared by mixing different percentages (100/0, 80/20, 60/40, 40/60, 20/80, and 100/0, respectively) to investigate the mechanical and durability performance of sustainable AAM specimens for the possible utilization instead of OPC. The constant ratio of glass powder was used in the production of AAM to increase the alkalinity and improve the mechanical properties of alkali-activated mortar. Also, the influences of sodium hydroxide molarity concentrations (8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 M) on the performance of AAM specimens were studied. The compressive strength, water absorption, and water sorptivity tests were conducted on the AAM specimens and the relationships between the investigated parameters were analyzed. The obtained results revealed that the fine soil powder replacement with clay brick powder improved the compressive strength, and reduced water absorption and water sorptivity up to 80% replacement ratios, and the superior mechanical and durability performance was obtained in the 80% fine soil powder-based AAM specimens. For the higher fine soil powder replacement ratio (100%), the performances of the AAM specimens were found to be adversely affected. Besides, the concentration of NaOH solution significantly influenced the material performances of the fine soil powder-based AAMs and 12 M NaOH concentration performed superior mechanical and durability performance. The strength enhancement of the AAMs was found to be significant after 90 days of ambient curing period.

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