Vapor-Phase Lubricants: Nanometer-Scale Mechanisms and Applications to Sub-micron Machinery

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Krim
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Phase ◽  
Nanometer Scale

Formation of Self-Assembled Nanometer-Scale InP Islands on Silicon Substrates

2000 ◽  
Vol 618 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S. Bakin ◽  
D. Piester ◽  
H.-H. Wehmann ◽  
A.A. Ivanov ◽  
A. Schlachetzki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Vapor Phase ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Nanometer Scale ◽  
Silicon Substrates ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Organic Vapor ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Metal Organic

ABSTRACTThree-dimensional islands of InP have been reproducibly grown in the Stranski-Krastanow growth mode on Si (001) and (111) by using metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy in order to obtain nanometer-scale quantum dots. Atomic-force microscopy was used to determine the morphology of the samples and to evaluate the dimensions of the islands. Formation of three-dimensional islands with densities as high as 2.5×1010 cm−2 and small sizes have been observed. The evolution of island morphology is explained in terms of strain-relaxing mechanisms at the first stages of InP/Si heteroepitaxy.

scholarly journals Vapor phase synthesis of crystalline nanometer‐scale GaAs clusters

1992 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 950-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winston A. Saunders ◽  
Peter C. Sercel ◽  
Harry A. Atwater ◽  
Kerry J. Vahala ◽  
Richard C. Flagan
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Phase ◽  
Nanometer Scale ◽  
Phase Synthesis ◽  
Vapor Phase Synthesis

Nanometer-scale InAs islands grown on GaP (001) by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy

1998 ◽  
Vol 130-132 ◽  
pp. 724-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Nonogaki ◽  
T. Iguchi ◽  
S. Fuchi ◽  
Y. Fujiwara ◽  
Y. Takeda
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Phase ◽  
Vapor Phase Epitaxy ◽  
Nanometer Scale ◽  
Organometallic Vapor Phase Epitaxy

Nanometer‐scale heterogeneity in SiO2–GeO2glass preforms and fibers prepared by vapor phase axial deposition method

1996 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
pp. 3115-3117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideo Hosono ◽  
Ken‐ichi Kawamura ◽  
Hiroshi Kawazoe ◽  
Junji Nishii
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Phase ◽  
Nanometer Scale ◽  
Deposition Method ◽  
Scale Heterogeneity

Planar defects in ordered (Ga,In)P

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 902-903
Author(s):  
S. McKernan ◽  
C. B. Carter ◽  
D. Bour ◽  
J. R. Shealy
Keyword(s):  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Vapor Phase ◽  
Growth Direction ◽  
High Density ◽  
Ordered Structure ◽  
Planar Defects ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Ternary Semiconductors ◽  
Anion Species ◽  
Metallic Vapor

The growth of ternary III-V semiconductors by organo-metallic vapor phase epitaxy (OMVPE) is widely practiced. It has been generally assumed that the resulting structure is the same as that of the corresponding binary semiconductors, but with the two different cation or anion species randomly distributed on their appropriate sublattice sites. Recently several different ternary semiconductors including AlxGa1-xAs, Gaxln-1-xAs and Gaxln1-xP1-6 have been observed in ordered states. A common feature of these ordered compounds is that they contain a relatively high density of defects. This is evident in electron diffraction patterns from these materials where streaks, which are typically parallel to the growth direction, are associated with the extra reflections arising from the ordering. However, where the (Ga,ln)P epilayer is reasonably well ordered the streaking is extremely faint, and the intensity of the ordered spot at 1/2(111) is much greater than that at 1/2(111). In these cases it is possible to image relatively clearly many of the defects found in the ordered structure.

Analyzing reactions of single mechanoenzyme molecules by light microscopy

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 426-427
Author(s):  
Jeff Gelles
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Reaction Mechanisms ◽  
Transient State ◽  
Nanometer Scale ◽  
Reaction Intermediates ◽  
Enzyme Molecule ◽  
Directed Movement ◽  
Enzyme Molecules ◽  
Individual Enzyme ◽  
Single Reaction

Mechanoenzymes are enzymes which use a chemical reaction to power directed movement along biological polymer. Such enzymes include the cytoskeletal motors (e.g., myosins, dyneins, and kinesins) as well as nucleic acid polymerases and helicases. A single catalytic turnover of a mechanoenzyme moves the enzyme molecule along the polymer a distance on the order of 10−9 m We have developed light microscope and digital image processing methods to detect and measure nanometer-scale motions driven by single mechanoenzyme molecules. These techniques enable one to monitor the occurrence of single reaction steps and to measure the lifetimes of reaction intermediates in individual enzyme molecules. This information can be used to elucidate reaction mechanisms and determine microscopic rate constants. Such an approach circumvents difficulties encountered in the use of traditional transient-state kinetics techniques to examine mechanoenzyme reaction mechanisms.

Microstructural characterization of sol-gel coating on PET films

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 886-887
Author(s):  
R. T. Chen ◽  
R.A. Norwood
Keyword(s):  
Ion Beam ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Hard Coatings ◽  
Nanometer Scale ◽  
Ion Beam Sputtering ◽  
Process Technology ◽  
Refractive Index Measurement ◽  
Organically Modified ◽  
Pet Films

Sol-gel processing has been used to control the structure of a material on a nanometer scale in preparing advanced ceramics and glasses. Film coating using the sol-gel process was also found to be a viable process technology in applications such as optical, porous, antireflection and hard coatings. In this study, organically modified silicate (Ormosil) coatings are applied to PET films for various industrial applications. Sol-gel materials are known to exhibit nanometer scale structures which havepreviously been characterized by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), neutron scattering and light scattering. Imaging of the ultrafine sol-gel structures has also been performed using an ultrahigh resolution replica/TEM technique. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ultrafine structures inthe sol gel coatings using a direct imaging technique: atomic force microscopy (AFM). In addition, correlation of microstructures with processing parameters, coating density and other physical properties will be discussed.The materials evaluated are organically modified silicate coatings on PET film substrates. Refractive index measurement by the prism coupling method was used to assess density of the sol-gel coating.AFM imaging was performed on a Nanoscope III AFM (by Digital Instruments) using constant force mode. Solgel coating samples coated with a thin layer of Ft (by ion beam sputtering) were also examined by STM in order to confirm the structures observed in the contact type AFM. In addition, to compare the previous results, sol-gel powder samples were also prepared by ultrasonication followed by Pt/Au shadowing and examined using a JEOL 100CX TEM.

191. Planar Waveguide Interferometers for Vapor Phase Sensing

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Joseph ◽  
D. Campbell ◽  
J. Suggs ◽  
J. Moore ◽  
N. Hartman
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Phase ◽  
Planar Waveguide
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