scholarly journals A PRELIMINARY COMPARISON OF `GALA' APPLE TREES ON A RANGE OF SIZE-CONTROLLING ROOTSTOCKS

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1103e-1103
Author(s):  
Christopher S. Walsh ◽  
Arthur H. Thompson ◽  
Richard H. Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Tree Management ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
One Year ◽  
Efficiency Data ◽  
Size Controlling

`Gala' apples are increasing in worldwide popularity. Despite this, little information on the cultivars vigor, precocity, or interaction with size-controlling rootstock is available. In 1985, a factorial planting was set to study these variables. `Gala' and `Golden Delicious' trees were found similar in precocity. Cumulative yields were about 20 kg per tree after the fifth leaf. `McIntosh' and `Delicious' trees were less precocious. `Gala' trees were also quite vigorous. Tree size and yield efficiency data will be presented, comparing `Gala' with other cultivars budded onto M 7a, MM 111, or propagated in tissue culture as scion-rooted plants. Tree management techniques have been identified that decrease fruit size. Trees budded onto precocious rootstock, and fruited heavily on one-year wood produce small-sized fruit. This tendency is pronounced on trees fruiting in the second leaf, or on older trees damaged by late-spring freezes that reduce the proportion of crop borne on spurs.

scholarly journals Influence of Root Pruning and Rootstock on Growth and Performance of `Golden Delicious' Apple

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.C. Ferree ◽  
M. Knee
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Size Effect ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Root Pruning ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cumulative Yield ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
And Performance

`Smoothee Golden Delicious' apple trees on nine rootstocks or interstems were mechanically root pruned annually for 9 years beginning the year after planting. Root pruning reduced trunk cross-sectional area (TCA) by 14% over the first 5 years and 22% in the last 4 years of the trial. Yield and fruit size were reduced by root pruning in most years with the fruit size effect obvious in June at the end of cell division. Interstem trees of MAC.9/MM.106 were larger than trees on M.9 and the following interstems: M.9/MM.106, M.9/MM.111, M.27/MM.111. Trees on seedling (SDL) rootstock were the largest and had the lowest yield per unit TCA and lower cumulative yield/tree than trees on M.7, MM.106, and MM.1ll. There was no interaction for any measure of growth or yield between root pruning and rootstock or interstem.

Effect of timing of hand thinning on the cropping potential of Red Fuji apple trees

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 417 ◽  
Author(s):  
KM Jones ◽  
SA Bound ◽  
TB Koen ◽  
MJ Oakford
Keyword(s):  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Fruit Crop ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Fuji Apple

In a hand-thinning trial of 6-year-old Red Fuji apple trees on seedling rootstocks at the Grove Research Station in southern Tasmania, unthinned controls were compared with trees that were hand-thinned between full bloom and 56 days after full bloom. Trees were thinned to about 200 flowers or fruit per tree. The response of fruit size and weight to later thinning was negative and linear (R2=0.72). This regression was not significantly affected if adjusted for the varying fruit crop per tree. It is concluded that in Australia, Red Fuji is capable of producing larger fruit at higher crop loads than either Red Delicious or Golden Delicious and that thinning at blossom produces much larger fruit than later thinning. Because of the strong correlation between Red Fuji fruit size or weight and time of thinning, we conclude that it is preferable to thin at blossom time.

Flowering and Fruiting of `Burlat' Sweet Cherry on Size-controlling Rootstock

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 611-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Kappel ◽  
Jean Lichou
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Prunus Cerasus ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
One Year ◽  
Size Controlling

The effect of rootstock on the flowering and fruiting response of sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.) was investigated using 4-year-old branch units. The cherry rootstock Edabriz (Prunus cerasus L.) affected the flowering and fruiting response of `Burlat' sweet cherry compared to Maxma 14 and F12/1. Branches of trees on Edabriz had more flowers, more flowers per spur, more spurs, more fruit, higher yields, smaller fruit, and a reduced fruit set compared to the standard rootstock, F12/1. One-year-old branch sections had more flowers and fruit, higher fruit weight, and heavier fruit size compared to older branch portions.

scholarly journals Effects of Aculus schlechtendali (Acari: Eriophyidae) population densities on Golden Delicious apple production

Acarologia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (Suppl) ◽  
pp. 134-144
Author(s):  
Sauro Simoni ◽  
Gino Angeli ◽  
Mario Baldessari ◽  
Carlo Duso
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Return Bloom ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Aculus Schlechtendali

Field trials were carried out in order to evaluate the seasonal abundance and the impact on yields of the Apple Rust Mite (ARM) Aculus schlechtendali (Acari: Eriophyidae) in an experimental fruit orchard located in northern Italy (Trentino region). The effect of ARM on yield and market quality parameters were assessed on Golden Delicious apple fruits. Fruit size, fruit weight, round colour hue, presence of russet as well as inside quality, i.e. soluble solids, acidity and Perlim index, were evaluated over two seasons considering three population levels of ARM that were determined applying different pesticide strategies. Effects of rust mites on return bloom and yield efficiency were also evaluated. ARM seasonal abundance showed a peak in mid-summer. Relationships between ARM and predatory mites were weak. Moderate to high ARM densities affected fruits size, fruit weight, and round colour hue of Golden Delicious fruits. In contrast, ARM populations did not affect russet on fruits, return bloom and yield efficiency. Additional studies were conducted in the laboratory, on detached Golden Delicious apple leaves, to evaluate the potential for population increase at temperatures close to those recorded in field conditions. These studies evidenced a high potential for population increase.

PERFORMANCE OF McINTOSH APPLE TREES SPRAYED WITH CAPTAN, DODINE OR PRE-COVER AND COVER SPRAYS OF DICHLONE

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 655-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Ross ◽  
A. D. Crowe ◽  
R. P. Longley
Keyword(s):  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Color ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
One Year

A five-year study was conducted on the effect of captan, dodine and dichlone on the performance of mature McIntosh apple trees. There were no significant differences in yield, trunk cross-sectional area, amount of bloom, fruit size and fruit color. Dodine injured 0.5% of the fruit in one year of the test and pre-cover sprays of dichlone caused some fruit russeting. The results indicate that any harmful effect of dichlone on yield occurs from pre-cover applications, or pre-cover followed by cover sprays.

scholarly journals PALMETTE-LEADER (PL) AND CENTRAL-LEADER (CL) TREE-FORM EFFECTS ON LIGHT DISTRIBUTION, PRODUCTIVITY AND FRUIT QUALITY OF `McINTOSH' APPLE TREES

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1122b-1122
Author(s):  
D.C. Elfving ◽  
I. Schechter ◽  
R.A. Cline ◽  
W.F. Pierce
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Fruit Color ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tree Form ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Color Development ◽  
Light Levels

Mature `Macspur McIntosh'/MM.106 trees trained to the CL tree form were converted to the PL tree form in 1987 by removal of east- and west-oriented upper scaffold limbs. Control trees were pruned to maintain the CL form. Dormant pruning in later years maintained either tree form. No summer pruning was used in this study. Canopy light levels along horizontal transects at one m above the soil and vertical transects, both through the center of the canopy, were unaffected by tree form or transect direction. Yields were significantly lower for PL trees in 1987 and 1989, while yield efficiency was reduced in PL trees in all 3 years. Fruit size, trunk cross-sectional area, and foliar macro-nutrient content were unaffected by tree form during this study. Fruit color development in both the upper and lower halves of the canopy was uninfluenced by tree form.

APPLE ROOTSTOCK INFLUENCE ON YIELD, YIELD EFFICIENCY, AND TRUNK GROWTH AFTER TWENTY-FIVE YEARS

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1110G-1110
Author(s):  
Fenton E Larsen ◽  
Stewart S. Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Apple Rootstock ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Size Controlling

The influence of 9 rootstock on growth and production of `Goldspur' (GS) and `Wellspur Delicious' (WS), and of 3 rootstock on growth and production of `Red King Delicious' (RK) and `Golden Delicious' (GD) apple was evaluated. The spur-type `Delicious' (WS) produced more fruit per tree than the non-spur (RK) strain with Mailing (M) 7 and Malling-Merton (MM) 106 but not with M 26. GD produced more fruit per tree than GS on M 7 and M 26 but not MM 106. Yield efficiencies were usually superior with spurred strains. Efficiency of RK was markedly inferior to GD and WS. Comparing cumulative yields among 9 stocks within spurred strains showed that highest yields were with MM 106 roots. Clonal stocks were more efficient than seedling. The least size-controlling stocks (seedling, MM 104, MM 109, and M 25) tended to be less efficient than M 2, M 7, M 26, MM 106, or MM 111, but the trends throughout the experiment were not consistent. Seedling, MM 104 and MM 109 had the largest trees with spurred tops, and M 26 the smallest.

Effect of Canopy Angle and Row Spacing on Tree Growth, Yield, Light Interception, and Fruit Quality of Y-trellis-trained Apple Trees

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 547d-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terence L. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Strong Positive Relationship ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
The Relationship

`Empire'/M.9/MM.106 and `Ace Delicious'/MM.106 apple trees were planted in 1985 at three between row spacings (3.0 m, 4.25 m and 5.5 m) and were trained as either free standing central leaders or as Y-shaped hedgerows for 13 years. The Y hedgerow arms had varying angles from 40° to 80° above the horizontal. Final scaffold length, canopy volume, trunk cross-sectional area, and above-ground canopy weight were positively correlated to the angle of the Y arms. As the angle of the Y arms became more horizontal, the amount of growth removed during summer pruning increased. At the flattest angle (40° above horizontal), terminal growth of both cultivars ceased and excessive vertical sucker growth resulted. As the angle of the Y arms became more vertical, more terminal growth was obtained and less shoot growth had to be removed during summer pruning. Cumulative yields of the Y-shaped trees were generally greater than those of the central-leader-trained trees. Exceptions were the most horizontal and the most vertical canopy angles, which had the lowest yields. The relationship between angle of Y arms and yield showed a broad optimum between 50° and 70° above the horizontal. There was also a strong positive relationship between tree density and yield. `Empire' fruit size was smaller from the Y-shaped trees than from the central-leader trees. The optimum angles for fruit size were the intermediate angles. Fruit color was poorest on the flattest angles and best on the most-vertical angles. The best yield efficiency was at intermediate angles (50° 70°). This resulted in the best balance of vegetative growth and cropping.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document