scholarly journals EFFECT OF TRAINING SYSTEM AND PLANTING DENSITY ON GROWTH, YIELD, AND FRUIT QUALITY OF YOUNG GRAPEVINES

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 637b-637
Author(s):  
Dong-Yong Choi ◽  
Seon-Kyu Kim
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Training System ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Varietal Differences ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
Chenin Blanc

Two training systems(open lyre and Kniffin) with two planting densities(3.3 m × 1.5-1.1 m and 1.8 m × 1.5-1.1 m, R × V, respectively) were evaluated for their effects on growth, yield, and fruit quality of fourteen grapes grafted to SO4. Cane pruning weights of vines grafted to SO4 rootstocks averaged 268.1 kg/10a. Chenin Blanc, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Clairette grapes had greater cane pruning weights. Pruning weights of vines trained to the Kniffin system with 1.8 m × 1.1 m spacing were greater. Fruit yields of young vines averaged 438.6 kg/10a, and SV 5276, Carignane, and Ugni Blanc grapes were more productive while Riesling, Grenache, Chenin Blanc, Muscat de Frontignan grapes were less productive. Yields of grapevines trained to the Kniffin system with 1.8 m × 1.1 m spacing were more productive. Fruit quality was less affected by training system and planting density, but significant varietal differences were recognized.

scholarly journals The influence of rootstocks on the growth, yield and fruit quality of the plum cultivar Cacanska rana

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-174
Author(s):  
Dragan Milatovic ◽  
Mirjana Radovic ◽  
Gordan Zec ◽  
Djordje Boskov
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Danube Basin ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Yield Efficiency

The paper examines the influence of three clonal rootstocks ('Pixy', 'Fereley' and 'St. Julien A') along with seedlings of Myrobalan (control) on the growth, yield and fruit quality of the plum cultivar 'Cacanska Rana'. Research was conducted in the area of the Belgrade Danube basin for the six-year period (2013-2018). In comparison to control, all three clonal rootstocks have shown a significant effect on the decrease of vigor expressed as a trunk cross-sectional area. The lowest vigor was found in trees on the 'Pixy' rootstock, then on 'Fereley' and 'St. Julien A' rootstocks. Regarding the rootstocks 'Fereley' and 'St. Julien A', significantly higher fruit set and yields were achieved in comparison to control. Clonal rootstocks induced an increase in the yield per hectare ranging from 72% to 93% compared to Myrobalan. The highest yield efficiency was found in the trees on the 'Fereley' rootstock, followed by the yields observed in the trees on the 'Pixy' and 'St. Julien A' rootstocks. Significantly higher fruit weight compared to control was obtained in the trees on the 'Fereley' rootstock. Rootstocks did not show any significant effect on the soluble solids and total acid contents of the fruit. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that all three clonal rootstocks showed better results than Myrobalan, and can be recommended for establishing intensive plum plantations with higher planting density. The best results in terms of yield and fruit quality were obtained with the 'Fereley' rootstock.

scholarly journals INTERACTION OF TRAINING SYSTEM, SUMMER PRUNING AND ROOT PRUNING ON YIELD AND CANOPY DENSITY OF PEACH

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1168g-1168
Author(s):  
W.C. Olien ◽  
R.E. Williamson ◽  
C.E. Hood ◽  
D.R. Decoteau ◽  
D.C. Coston
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Training System ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Root Pruning ◽  
Parallel Study ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Canopy Density ◽  
Training Systems

Factorial combinations of ± root pruning (RP) and ± summer pruning (SP) were initiated in 1991 as subplots within a Redhaven/Lovell study of orchard training systems: Open Center (OC), Y-Trellis (YT), Central Leader (CL), and Meadow Orchard (MO) established in 1985. Root pruning was imposed at bloom (March 28) at 76 cm from the trunk to a depth of 45 cm. Summer pruning consisted of preharvest removal of water sprouts (June 5). Canopy density, quantified by transmittance of PAR radiation through the canopy, was greatest in OC and MO and least in YT and CL systems. SP and RP treatments further reduced canopy density by 35 to 80%. There were no main or interactive effects of SP and RP on 1991 yields or fruit quality, and also no interactive effects of orchard systems with SP and RP. Thus, SP and RP reduced canopy density without negative effects on fruit. RP, however, advanced harvest date by ca 4 days. A parallel study was also initiated in 1991 to determine the effects of root pruning distance (30, 60, 90 cm from the trunk, or no RP) on canopy density, yield, and fruit quality of mature, OC-trained Redhaven/ and Jefferson/Lovell. Reduction in canopy density without loss of yield or fruit size was obtained at a RP distance between 60 and 90 cm.

scholarly journals Influence of foliage management on lyra for «high quality» wines production for Cabernet-Sauvignon variety: enological aspects (I note)

OENO One ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Guido Spera ◽  
Giovanni Cargnello ◽  
Simonetta Moretti ◽  
Girogio Casadei ◽  
Stefano Scaggiante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Value ◽  
Training System ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Sensorial Analysis ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
Analytical Results

<p style="text-align: justify;">Cabernet-Sauvignon is an important red berry cultivar, which provides in Latium good quality results even if grown using training systems and planting models which are notably different among themselves . To give a concrete contribution to the qualitative improvement of « Cabernet-Sauvignon », considering other viticultural research exposed in other works, we thought it was opportune to deepen the repercussion of foliage management. Among many models of training systems that we have taken into consideration over years of experimentation, the LYRA order 300 cm x 50 cm has given the better results regarding oenochemical, sensorial and economical quality of wines. For this reason we have considered the implications of different foliage management systems on this model, drawing the following indications:</p><p style="text-align: justify;">a) The training system which has shown the best results was LYRA order 300 cm x 50 cm for «Cabernet-Sauvignon» variety, even with different foliage management.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">b) The best analytical results are achieved by LYRA « Managed Volume » foliage, especially concerning the chromatic component.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">c) The sensorial analysis confirms the excellence of this treatment.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">d) The better «economic quality» is achieved to LYRA « Managed Volume » foliage; in fact the consumers have attributed the highest «intrinsic value» to the corresponding wine.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">e) In conclu,es must be checked in the next vintages.</p>

scholarly journals Comparison of two planting systems for several pear cultivars

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 129-136
Author(s):  
Ireneusz Sosna
Keyword(s):  
Growth Yield ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Crop Size ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
Vigorous Growth ◽  
One Year ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Old Trees

Choice of orchard system is one of the major factors, on which pear crop size and quality depend. The purpose of this research was to assess the influence of two training systems involving trees trained to different number of leaders on growth, yield, and fruit quality of three pear cultivars. The study was conducted in 2001–2012 near Wrocław (south-western Poland). One-year-old trees of ‘Carola’, ‘Dicolor’ and ‘Erika’ cultivars on the Quince S1 rootstock were planted in the spring 2001 using 3.5 m between rows and a variable in-row spacing: 1.7 m (Drilling form with 3 leaders) and 1.2 m (Güttingen – V system with 1 leader). More vigorous growth was observed from more sparsely planted trees under the Drilling form. The total per-tree yield during 2002–2012 was decreasing as the planting density increased. No differences were observed on yield per hectare between the tested systems. The Drilling trees produced significantly heavier and larger fruit than the trees trained to the V-Güttingen system.

scholarly journals (320) Influence of Light Microclimate on the Growth, Yield, and Fruit Quality of Apple

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1037D-1038
Author(s):  
Zimian Niu ◽  
Dapeng Zhang ◽  
Jicheng Zhan ◽  
Curt Rom
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
Relative Value ◽  
Old Trees

Influence of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) microclimate in the canopy of four training systems [open-center with high trunk (OH); open-center with middle trunk (OM); open-center with low trunk (OL); and a traditional round canopy (RC)] on the growth, yield and fruit quality of apple were studied in the Beijing area. The results showed that: 1) the growth and yield potential were affected by canopy light microclimate. The average leaf chlorophyll content from OH, OM and OL systems was 12.3% to 18.1% greater than that from the RC system. Trees from OH, OM, and OL systems produced 84.2% to 89.7% of shoot forming flower clusters compared to only 47.3% to 50.9% of the RC shoots. Training system did not affect total yield of 8-year-old trees, but in 10-year-old trees the RC system had lower yields compared with open-center systems. 2) Fruit quality was also affected by canopy light microclimate. The average anthocyanin content in the skin of fruit from OH, OM, and OL systems was 35.9% to 46.1% higher than that from the RC system, but chlorophyll content from the OL system was higher than in the open-center systems. Meanwhile, the contents of TSS and esters in apple flesh from the open-center systems were significantly higher than that from the RC system. 3) When the relative value of PAR in canopy exceeded 33.8%, the growth index of trees (chlorophyll: return-bloom ratio) exceeded 66.6% and the fruit quality index (TSS × anthocyanin) exceeded 94.7%. When PAR was less than 20.6%, the growth index was under 37.2% and the fruit quality index was under 67.5%. PAR value was significantly correlated with the growth and fruit quality index in the four training systems, and the total canopy volume of higher PAR(exceeding 33.8%, relative value) from OH, OM, and OL systems was 37.1% to 45.0% greater than that from the RC system.

scholarly journals Canopy Growth, Yield, and Fruit Quality of 'Royal Gala' Apple Trees Grown for Eight Years in Five Tree Training Systems

HortScience ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl R. Hampson ◽  
Harvey A. Quamme ◽  
Robert T. Brownlee
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Training Method ◽  
Cumulative Yield ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
Color Development ◽  
Slender Spindle

In 1993, a planting of virus-free 'Royal Gala' apple (Malu×domestica Borkh.) on 'M.9' rootstock was established at Summerland, B.C., Canada, to determine whether angled-canopy training systems could improve orchard tree performance relative to slender spindles. The trees were trained in one of five ways: slender spindle (SS), Geneva Y-trellis (GY), a modified Solen training we called 'Solen Y-trellis' (SY), or V-trellis (LDV), all at the same spacing (1.2 m × 2.8 m), giving a planting density of 2976 trees/ha. In addition, a higher density (7143 trees/ha) version of the V-trellis (HDV) was planted to gauge the performance of this system at densities approaching those of local super spindle orchards. The plots were drip-irrigated and hand-thinned. No summer pruning was done. After 8 years, differences among training systems at the same density and spacing were small and few. The two Y-shaped training systems had 11% to 14% greater cumulative yield/ha than the SS, but did not intercept significantly more light at maturity. No consistent differences occurred in fruit size or the percentage of fruit with delayed color development among the four training systems at the same density. Relative to the LDV, the HDV yielded less per tree, but far more per hectare, particularly in the first 3 years. After 8 years, the cumulative yield/ha was still 65% greater than with LDV. Yield efficiency was unaffected by tree density. Fruit size on HDV ranked lowest among the systems nearly every year, but was still commercially acceptable. The HDV intercepted more light (73%) than SS (53%). The percentage of fruit with delayed color development in HDV was not significantly different from that for LDV in most years. The trees in HDV were difficult to contain within their allotted space without summer pruning. The substantially similar performance of all the training systems (at a given density, and with minimal pruning) suggests that cost and ease of management should be the decisive factors when choosing a tree training method.

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