In Vitro Screening of Azalea for Resistance to Azalea Lace Bug

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 506b-506
Author(s):  
Carol D. Robacker ◽  
S.K. Braman
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Damage ◽  
In Vitro Screening ◽  
Screening Assay ◽  
Delaware Valley ◽  
In Vitro Techniques ◽  
Culture Tube ◽  
Lace Bug ◽  
Lace Bugs ◽  
Laboratory Bioassays

Azalea lace bug (Stephanitis pyrioides) is the most serious pest on azalea. Results of laboratory bioassays and field evaluations of 17 deciduous azalea taxa have identified three resistant taxa: R. canescens, R. periclymenoides, and R. prunifolium. Highly susceptible taxa are `Buttercup', `My Mary', R. oblongifolium, and the evergreen cultivar `Delaware Valley White'. To determine whether in vitro techniques would have potential value in screening or selecting for resistance, or for the identification of morphological or chemical factors related to resistance, an in-vitro screening assay was developed. In-vitro shoot proliferation was obtained using the medium and procedures of Economou and Read (1984). Shoots used in the bioassays were grown in culture tubes. Two assays were developed: one for nymphs and one for adult lace bugs. To assay for resistance to nymphs, `Delaware Valley White' leaves containing lace bug eggs were disinfested with 70% alcohol and 20% commercial bleach, and incubated in sterile petri plates with moistened filter paper until the nymphs hatched. Five nymphs were placed in each culture tube, and cultures were incubated for about 2 weeks, or until adults were observed. To assay for resistance to adults, five female lace bugs were placed in each culture tube and allowed to feed for 5 days. Data collected on survival and leaf damage was generally supportive of laboratory bioassays and field results. Adult lace bugs had a low rate of survival on resistant taxa. Survival of nymphs was somewhat reduced on resistant taxa.

AN IN VITRO SCREENING ASSAY FOR INHIBITORS OF PROINFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS IN HERBAL EXTRACTS USING HUMAN SYNOVIOCYTE CULTURES

2004 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
CARMELITA G. FRONDOZA ◽  
AFSHIN SOHRABI ◽  
ANNA POLOTSKY ◽  
PHONG V. PHAN ◽  
DAVID S. HUNGERFORD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Screening ◽  
Herbal Extracts ◽  
Screening Assay ◽  
Proinflammatory Mediators

scholarly journals In Vitro Screening Assay for Detecting Aromatase Activity Using Rat Ovarian Microsomes and Estrone ELISA

2008 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanako Satoh ◽  
Rhouichi Nonaka ◽  
Fusako Ishikawa ◽  
Akio Ogata ◽  
Fumiko Nagai
Keyword(s):  
Aromatase Activity ◽  
In Vitro Screening ◽  
Screening Assay

Activation of inflammatory cells and cytokines by peptide epitopes in vitro: a simple in-vitro screening assay for prioritizing them for in-vivo studies

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 471-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lakshmi A. Mundkur ◽  
Meenakshi Varma ◽  
Hemapriya Shivanandan ◽  
Dhanush Krishna ◽  
Kiran Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
In Vitro Screening ◽  
Screening Assay ◽  
Peptide Epitopes

scholarly journals Field Evaluation of Azalea Species and Cultivars for Resistance to Azalea Lace Bug and Cranberry Rootworm

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 482B-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol D. Robacker ◽  
S.K. Braman
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Deciduous Trees ◽  
Field Plot ◽  
Delaware Valley ◽  
Woody Ornamentals ◽  
Lace Bug ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Lace Bugs ◽  
Evergreen Azalea

Azalea lace bug (Stephanitis pyrioides) is the most serious pest on azalea. Both evergreen and deciduous azaleas are susceptible, though more resistance has been observed in the deciduous. To identify genes for resistance, fourteen deciduous azalea species, three deciduous azalea cultivars derived from complex hybrids, and one evergreen cultivar were planted in a randomized complete-block design under mixed deciduous trees in the fall of 1994. Each block was replicated 12 times. In the spring and summer of 1995, azalea lace bugs were introduced onto branches of six plants of each of the taxa. One month later, and again in the fall of 1996, the percentage of infected shoots per plant was measured. Very little damage from azalea lace bug was observed on the R. canescens, R. periclymenoides, and R. prunifolium plants, while `Buttercup', `My Mary', R. japonicum, and R. oblongifolium had the greatest damage. The cranberry rootworm, Rhadopterus picipes, damages many woody ornamentals, including some azalea species. The injury appears as elongated cuts on the leaves, and is most severe on plants growing under dense canopies. The cranberry rootworm has been observed in this azalea field plot. Plants were evaluated for damage in June 1995 and 1996. Cranberry rootworm damage was most severe on `Buttercup', R. japonicum, R. prinophyllum, and R. calendulaceum, while the evergreen azalea `Delaware Valley White' was the most resistant.

scholarly journals 044 Screening for Resistance to Azalea Lace Bug among Deciduous Azalea Progeny from a Cross between a Highly Susceptible to a Highly Resistant Genotype

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 396A-396
Author(s):  
Carol D. Robacker ◽  
S.K. Braman
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Lower Leaf Surface ◽  
Laboratory Bioassay ◽  
Hair Density ◽  
Resistant Genotype ◽  
Lace Bug ◽  
Lace Bugs ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Laboratory Bioassays

Azalea lace bug, Stephanitis pyrioides (Scott), is a major pest on azalea. Adults and nymphs feed and oviposit on the underside of the leaves, causing a stippled appearance when viewed from above. Previous field and laboratory screenings of 17 taxa of deciduous azalea, including representatives of 11 species, have identified a range of resistance to lace bug. One of the most resistant plants observed was of the species R. canescens. The interveinal region on the underside of the leaves of this plant is highly pubescent. This plant was crossed to a susceptible plant of R. viscosum (formerly R. serrulatum), which was glabrous on the lower leaf surface. The resulting seeds were planted in 1996, and the seedlings were transplanted to the field in 1998. In Sept. 1999, a laboratory bioassay was conducted to determine the resistance levels of these progeny. Five cuttings, each with two leaves, were collected from each plant, including the parental genotypes. Two female lace bugs were transferred onto the leaves of each cutting and the leaves were enclosed in a plastic cup with mesh for ventilation. After 5 days, the number of live bugs and number of eggs per cutting were counted. The percent damage from feeding was estimated. To determine whether pubescence was correlated with lace bug resistance, two terminal leaves were collected from each plant, and interveinal leaf hair density was calculated. Results from the laboratory bioassays revealed a high degree of susceptiblity to lace bug among these seedlings. Most of the progeny were pubescent, indicating no relationship between leaf hair density and resistance.

scholarly journals Extrapolating In Vitro Screening Assay Data for Thyroperoxidase Inhibition to Predict Serum Thyroid Hormones in the Rat

2019 ◽  
Vol 173 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iman Hassan ◽  
Hisham El-Masri ◽  
Jermaine Ford ◽  
Amanda Brennan ◽  
Sakshi Handa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
In Vitro Screening ◽  
Screening Assay ◽  
High Throughput Screening Assay ◽  
Serum T4

Abstract Thyroperoxidase (TPO) is an enzyme essential for thyroid hormone (TH) synthesis and a target site for a number of xenobiotics that disrupt TH homeostasis. An in vitro high-throughput screening assay for TPO inhibition, the Amplex UltraRed-TPO (AUR-TPO), has been used to screen the ToxCast chemical libraries for this action. Output from this assay would be most useful if it could be readily translated into an in vivo response, namely a reduction of TH in serum. To this end, the relationship between TPO inhibition in vitro and serum TH decreases was examined in rats exposed to 2 classic TPO inhibitors, propylthiouracil (PTU) and methimazole (MMI). Serum and gland PTU, MMI, and TH levels were quantified using tandem liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Thyroperoxidase activity was determined in thyroid gland microsomes treated with PTU or MMI in vitro and ex vivo from thyroid gland microsomes prepared from exposed animals. A quantitative model was constructed by contrasting in vitro and ex vivo AUR-TPO results and the in vivo time-course and dose-response analysis. In vitro:ex vivo correlations of AUR-TPO outputs indicated that less than 30% inhibition of TPO in vitro was sufficient to reduce serum T4 by 20%, a degree of regulatory significance. Although further testing of model estimates using other TPO inhibitors is essential for verification of these initial findings, the results of this study provide a means to translate in vitro screening assay results into predictions of in vivo serum T4 changes to inform risk assessment.

scholarly journals Developing an in vitro screening assay platform for evaluation of antifibrotic drugs using precision-cut liver slices

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satish Sadasivan ◽  
Nethra Siddaraju ◽  
Khaiser Khan ◽  
Balamuralikrishna Vasamsetti ◽  
Nimisha R Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Screening ◽  
Screening Assay ◽  
Liver Slices ◽  
Antifibrotic Drugs
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document