scholarly journals S6-RNase Is a Marker for Self-compatibility in Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.)

HortScience ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 1146-1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reut Niska ◽  
Martin Goldway ◽  
Doron Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
The Self ◽  
Eriobotrya Japonica ◽  
Amino Acid Similarity ◽  
Self Fertilization ◽  
Self Compatibility ◽  
Fertilization System ◽  
Selection Of

Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.), a member of the Rosaceae, carries the RNase-dependent gametophytic self-incompatibility fertilization system. Analysis of S-RNase-allele content in the commercial loquat cultivars Avri, Yehuda, and Akko 1 revealed that each of them contains one different S-RNase allele—S2, S3, and S4, respectively, and one that they all share, S6. Although all four S-alleles were isolated in this work, only S6 was found to be novel. Amino acid similarity between the partial sequence of S6-RNase and other known loquat RNases (S1 to S4) ranged between 62% and 65% with highest similarity (83%) to the S110-allele of European pear (Pyrus communis). Determination of S-RNase-allele content in progeny of ‘Avri’, ‘Yehuda’, and ‘Akko 1’, obtained in an open-pollinated, mixed-cultivar orchard, revealed that all of the progeny derived from self-fertilization contained the S6 haplotype, indicating that a mutation in the S6 locus is responsible for the self-fertilization. However, sequencing of most of the S6-RNase gene (from C1 to C5) did not reveal any mutation and the alignment of the deduced amino acid sequence showed that it has the expected S-RNase primary and tertiary structural organization. Nonetheless, because it is apparent that the S6-RNase allele is linked to the self-compatibility trait, it could serve as a marker for early selection of self-compatible loquat cultivars.

Determination of the self-fertilization potency of ‘Golden Delicious’ apple

2001 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doron Schneider ◽  
Raphael Stern ◽  
Dan Eisikowitch ◽  
Martin Goldway
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Self Fertilization

scholarly journals Molecular Analysis of S-haplotypes in Peach, a Self-compatible Prunus Species

2006 ◽  
Vol 131 (6) ◽  
pp. 738-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Attila Hegedüs ◽  
Zoltán Szabó ◽  
József Nyéki ◽  
Júlia Halász ◽  
Andrzej Pedryc
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Fragment Size ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Synonymous Substitution ◽  
The Self ◽  
Native Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Self Compatibility ◽  
Length Determination

The most commercially grown peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.] cultivars do not require cross-pollination for reasonable fruit set; however, self-incompatibility is a well-known feature within the Prunoideae subfamily. Isoelectric focusing and native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of S-ribonucleases; PCR analyses of S-RNase and S-haplotype-specific F-box genes as well as DNA sequencing were carried out to survey the self-(in)compatibility allele pool and to uncover the nature of self-compatibility in peach. From 25 cultivars and hybrids with considerable diversity in phenotype and origin, only two S-haplotypes were detected. Allele identity could be checked by exact length determination of the PCR-amplified fragments and/or partial sequencing of the peach S1-, S2-, and Prunus davidiana (Carr.) Franch. S1-RNases. S-RNases of peach were detected to possess ribonuclease activity, and a single nucleotide polymorphism in the S1-RNase was shown, which represents a synonymous substitution and does not change the amino acid present at the position in the protein. A 700-bp fragment of the peach SFB gene was PCR-amplified, which is similar to the fragment size of functional Prunus L. SFBs. All data obtained in this study may support the contribution of genes outside the S-locus to the self-compatible phenotype of peaches.

SCREENING FOR HIGH-LYSINE CULTIVARS IN A BARLEY BREEDING PROGRAM

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 817-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. LABERGE ◽  
A. W. MACGREGOR ◽  
D. R. METCALFE
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Normal Level ◽  
Amino Acid Analysis ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
High Lysine ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Hordeum Distichum ◽  
Barley Protein ◽  
Selection Of

The UDY dye-binding method for determining protein levels in cereal grains was applied to an F2 population derived from a cross between OR 585, a two-rowed selection of barley (Hordeum distichum L. emend Lam.) possessing the "Hiproly" gene(s) for high lysine and TR 412, a two-rowed selection with a normal level of lysine. Seed of the two parental gentoypes produce different UDY absorbance values at similar protein levels. If UDY absorbance values are determined for the parental genotypes over a range of barley protein contents, the different regression lines for OR 585 and TR 412 parental barleys can be used to segregate F2 progeny that express the gene for high lysine. Determination of lysine by the UDY method closely agrees with lysine values determined by amino acid analysis.

scholarly journals Amino Acid Sequence of a Feather Keratin From Silver Gull (Larus novae-hollandiae) and Comparison with One from Emu (Dromaius novae-hollandiae)

1974 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 369 ◽  
Author(s):  
IJ O'Donnell ◽  
AS Inglis
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
Tryptic Digestion ◽  
Crystalline Region ◽  
Feather Keratin ◽  
Matrix Region ◽  
Polypeptide Chains ◽  
Selection Of

The amino acid sequence of the major components of the silver gull feather calamus has been determined and compared with that of the emu. The sequenator was used with a modified Edman-Begg program to facilitate determination of the sequence of the large hydrophobic fragment obtained on tryptic digestion. The main features of the comparison were: (1) the overall structures of the polypeptide chains were similar, having non-crystalline cystine-rich sections towards either end of the chain separated by a large crystalline region of 62 residues which contained the majority of the hydrophobic and serine and glycine residues; (2) approximately one-sixth of the residues were different in the two species, with the majority of changes occurring in the tails (i.e. non-crystalline or matrix region). The data argue for stringent demands in the selection of amino acids for the crystalline part of the feather molecule, a severity that is probably comparable to the strict requirements for the sequence of some of the enzymes.

scholarly journals Determination of the secondary structure of selected melittin analogues with different haemolytic activities

1994 ◽  
Vol 299 (2) ◽  
pp. 587-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Pérez-Payá ◽  
R A Houghten ◽  
S E Blondelle
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Secondary Structure ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
The Self ◽  
Single Amino Acid ◽  
Haemolytic Activity ◽  
Phospholipid Membrane ◽  
Hydrophobic Residues ◽  
Self Association

In earlier studies, we have reported that minor modifications in the amino acid sequence of melittin result in dramatic changes in its biological activity. In the current study, we have investigated the secondary structure of melittin analogues with either increased or decreased haemolytic activity in order to further our understanding of the structural features involved in the binding and/or insertion of peptides into a phospholipid membrane from solution. This was accomplished by analysing the c.d. spectra of the analogues in solutions of various ionic strength and, separately, in the presence of micelles. These studies permit the assessment of the effect of small sequence modifications (i.e. single amino acid omission or substitution) on the self-association-induced secondary structure of melittin in aqueous solution, as well as its binding affinity to micelles. It was found that amphipathicity, as well as interchain distances and the orientation of hydrophobic residues, were involved in the induction of stabilized structures.

Assessment of Mating System in Helianthus annuus and H. petiolaris (Asteraceae) Populations

Helia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (72) ◽  
pp. 15-32
Author(s):  
Agustina Gutierrez ◽  
Daiana Scaccia Baffigi ◽  
Monica Poverene
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Genetic System ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
S Alleles ◽  
Self Fertilization ◽  
Self Compatibility ◽  
Incompatibility Alleles ◽  
Crop Area

AbstractHelianthus annuus subsp. annuus and H. petiolaris are wild North American species that have been naturalized in central Argentina. They have a sporophytic self-incompatibility genetic system that prevent self-fertilization but the occurrence of self-compatible plants in Argentina was observed in both species and could in part explain their highly invasive ability. Their geographical distribution coincides with the major crop area. The domestic sunflower is self-compatible, can hybridize with both species and presents a considerable amount of gene flow. The aim of this study is to understand the self-incompatibility mechanism in both wild Helianthus species. Reciprocal crossing and seed production were used to identify self-compatible genotypes, the number and distribution of self-incompatibility alleles within populations and the type and extent of allelic interactions in the pollen and pistil. The behaviour of S alleles within each population was explained by five functional S alleles and one non-functional allele in each species, differing in their presence and frequency within accessions. In both species, the allelic interactions were of dominance/recessiveness and codominance in pollen, whereas it was only codominance in the pistil. Inbreeding effects in wild materials appeared in the third generation of self-pollination, with lethal effects in most plants. The number of S alleles is low and they behave in a similar way of other Asteraceae species. The self-compatibility was addressed to non-functional S alleles introgressed in wild Helianthus plants through gene flow from self-compatible sunflower.

scholarly journals Mutagenesis and Biotechnology Techniques as Tools for Selecting New Stable Diploid and Tetraploid Olive Genotypes and Their Dwarfing Agronomical Characterization

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 799-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eddo Rugini ◽  
Cristian Silvestri ◽  
Marilena Ceccarelli ◽  
Rosario Muleo ◽  
Valerio Cristofori
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Reproductive Behavior ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
The Self ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Self Fertilization ◽  
Constant Yield ◽  
Selection Of

In Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea, tetraploid genotypes do not exist in nature. Herein, we report the first example of selection of tetraploid olive plants, obtained by combining physical mutagenesis and biotechnology techniques. Stable tetraploid (4n) and diploid (2n) genotypes were isolated in vitro through shoot-tip fragmentation of two mixoploid mutants derived from the gamma irradiation of self-incompatible Leccino and self-compatible Frantoio cultivars. In this study, the stable mutants FRM5-4n, FRM5-2n, LM3-4n, and LM3-2n were characterized in the field for vegetative and reproductive behavior with the aim to use them as varieties or dwarfing rootstocks. The stable 4n genotype of Leccino acquired self-fertility whereas the 4n Frantoio maintained it. A high and constant yield was showed by LM3-2n during 9 years of observation, maintaining the same oil quality as the Leccino wild type (wt). Moreover, the LM3-2n acquired the capacity to be intercompatible with the diploid mutant Leccino dwarf (LD) and with the Leccino wt. This acquired property would allow for a reduction of heterozygosity in the offspring, if crossed with each other for some generations and with the Leccino wt, because it is a sort of self-fertilization. When used as rootstocks, both 4n and 2n Leccino mutants proved to be very effective for reducing the scion size of the high-vigor Canino cultivar, which is well known for its excellent extravirgin oil. Finally, it was demonstrated that the self-grafting of vigorous cultivar caused a reduction in plant size, thus suggesting that it is possible to produce semidwarf plants from vigorous genotypes to consider them in high-density olive orchards.

Determination of the self-compatibility and suitable pollenizers for the plum cultivar ‘Nada’

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
Đ. Boškov ◽  
D. Milatović ◽  
D. Nikolić ◽  
G. Zec ◽  
A. Radović
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Self Compatibility
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