scholarly journals Effects of Stock Plant Etiolation, Shading, Banding, and Shoot Development on Histology and Cutting Propagation of Carpinus betulus L. fastigiata

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 853-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian K. Maynard ◽  
Nina L. Bassuk
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Xylem ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Shoot Development ◽  
Stock Plant ◽  
Partial Shading ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Carpinus Betulus ◽  
Root Numbers ◽  
Shoot Base ◽  
Plant Treatment

New shoot growth of Carpinus betulus L. fastigiata was subjected to stock plant etiolation and stem banding (a 2.5-cm square of Velcro applied to the shoot base) treatments and sampled for histological study at intervals over a 16-week period of shoot development following etiolation. Effects of partial shading on histology of the stem were also investigated. Numerous histological changes were noted with stem development and stock plant treatment. Among these were a reduction in lignification of the secondary xylem and thickness of the periderm, and an increase in the percentage of sclereid-free gaps in the perivascular sclerenchyma with etiolation. Concomitant propagation studies revealed significant etiolation, shading, and banding effects on rooting percentages and root numbers. Rooting capacity was modelled using linear combinations of the widths of nonlignified secondary xylem, cortical parenchyma and periderm, as well as the percentage of gaps in the sclerenchymatic sheath remaining free of sclereids. It is proposed that the development of sclereids in potential rooting sites reduces rooting potential. The exclusion of light during initial shoot development retards sclereid development by up to 3 months following treatment, which correlates well with observed increases in the rooting potential of etiolated stems.

scholarly journals STOCKPLANT ETIOLATION AND SHOOT AGE EFFECTS ON ANATOMY AND ADVENTITIOUS ROOT FORMATION IN STEM CUTTINGS OF CARPINUS BETULUS `FASTIGIATA

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1095d-1095
Author(s):  
Brian K Maynard ◽  
Nina L. Bassuk
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Secondary Xylem ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Adventitious Root Formation ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Linear Combinations ◽  
Carpinus Betulus ◽  
Regression Methods ◽  
Root Numbers ◽  
Shading Effects

New shoot growth of Carpinus betulus `fastigiata' was treated with stockplant etiolation and stem banding treatments and sampled for anatomical study at intervals over a 16-week period of greening following etiolation. Shading effects on the anatomy of the stem were also investigated. Numerous anatomical changes were noted with stem age and stockplant treatment. Among these were etiolation effects on the lignification of the secondary xylem, thickness of the periderm, and an increase in the percentage of sclereid-free gaps in the perivascular sclerenchyma, Stem banding increased the widths of the cortex and pith. Concomitant propagation studies revealed significant etiolation, shading, and banding effects on rooting percentages and root numbers. Using multiple linear regression methods rooting capacity was modelled best by linear combinations of the widths of the pith, non-lignified secondary xylem, cortical parenchyma and periderm, as well as the percentage of gaps in the sclerenchymatic sheath remaining non-sclerified. It is proposed that the development of sclereids in potential rooting sites reduces rooting potential. The exclusion of light during initial shoot development retards sclereid development by up to 3 months following treatment, which correlates well with observed increases in the rooting potential of etiolated and/or banded stems.

Cytological and Histological Study of Adult and Neonate Epidermis in Thick and Thin Skin of Various Anatomical Sites

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hydar Muhsin Khalfa ◽  
Adnan Albideri ◽  
Haider Salih Jaffat
Keyword(s):  
Histological Study ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Anatomical Site ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Mature Adult ◽  
Skin Development ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Thin Skin

The integumentary system covers the surface of the embryo (skin) and its specialized skin structures including hair, nails, sweat glands, mammary glands and teeth. During fetal skin development, the epidermis changes from a single layer of ectodermal cells at 7–8 days of gestation into a more apparent stratified, keratinized epithelium at 22–24 weeks. The aim of the study is to identify the histological and cytological changes that take place during neonatal and adult epidermis development. Human neonatal and adult samples were obtained from fully informed, consenting parent or releatives from Al-hilla mortary / Iraq. Neonatal samples were obtained from neonates after sudden deaths from maternity wards. Anatomical Sites included abdomen, forehead, back, shoulder and feet sole. A totoal of 15 neonates and 10 mature adults were used for this study. Fresh tissues were sectioned using a freezing cryostat. Tissues were sectioned at 5µm in -24°C and collected on microscopic slides. Slides were allowed to air dry for 30 min prior to hematoxyline and eosin staining. Tissues were also photographed using scanning electron microscopy SEM. Cytological measurements were taken using image j software and data was analysed using graph prism. Various cytological and histological changes takes place during neonatal and adult and epidermis development. Our study shows the stages of fair follicule formation as well as number of nucleated layers present at each stage of development and at different anatomical sites. Major histological changes takes places during the transition frm a neonate to a mature adult including the number of basal cells and epidermal thickness depending on the anatomical site.

scholarly journals A study of histological changes of human placenta in rural population of eastern India

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 3280
Author(s):  
Mrinal Kanti Karmakar ◽  
Sambit Kar ◽  
S. M. Kumar ◽  
Subir Kumar Chattopadhyay ◽  
L. K. Vaid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Eastern India ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Endothelial Proliferation ◽  
Umbilical Cord Insertion ◽  
Normal Placenta

Background: Placenta is essential for maintenance of pregnancy and for promoting normal growth and development of fetus. It forms the morphological record of anatomical condition, intrauterine events and intrapartum events of gestation. Present study has been undertaken to record the data on the morphology and histology of placenta from mothers with hypertension and diabetes.Methods: This study showed several significant morphological and histological differences in the placenta of the mother with GDM and hypertensive placenta. The histological study of the placenta was done under microscope and number of syncytial knots, cytotrophoblastic cellular proliferation, fibrinoid necrosis, endothelial proliferation, calcified and hyalinised villous spots were noted per low power field in the diabetics and hypertensive group in comparison to control group.Results: All other parameters including area, thickness, diameter, and circumference of GDM placenta show a significant increase when compared with normal placenta. The gross anatomic features of placentae e.g infarcted areas, calcified areas and marginal insertion of the umbilical cord in the study group show significant increase in value (p>0.01) in diabetic and hypertensive groups when compared to that of the control or normal group.Conclusions: In present study we found that hypertensive placentae tend to be slightly smaller in size, weight, volume, area, thickness, diameter, circumference and feto-placental ratio than normal placentae but the parameters were found to be significantly greater than that of normal placentae in case of diabetic placentae. No significant differences were found in umbilical cord insertion. In normal pregnancy cases we found several histological findings which were increased in hypertensive and diabetic cases.

Histological changes in free jejunal grafts used in pharyngeal reconstruction

1991 ◽  
Vol 105 (7) ◽  
pp. 556-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. J. Deans ◽  
J. Hill ◽  
M. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Infiltrate ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Free Grafts ◽  
Pharyngeal Reconstruction

AbstractA histological study was performed of biopsies taken from jejunal free grafts used in pharyngeal reconstruction. The main findings were a decreased crypt/villi ratio and a mild chronic inflammatory infiltrate. There was no evidence of metaplastic or dysplastic transformation.

scholarly journals Influence of S(+)-ketamine analgesia in renal intraoperative ischemia: histological study in rats

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 242-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eloy Rusafa Neto ◽  
Pedro Thadeu Galvão Vianna ◽  
Rosa Marlene Viero ◽  
Norma Sueli Pinheiro Módolo ◽  
Eliana Marisa Ganem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Sodium Pentobarbital ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Renal Histology ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Arterial Hemorrhage

PURPOSE: To study in rats the effect of S(+)ketamine on the renal histology after intraoperative hemorrhage. METHODS: Twenty male Wistar rats, anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital, were randomly divided in 2 groups: G1 - control (n=l0) and G2 - S(+)-ketamine (n=10), both submitted to arterial hemorrhage of 30% of volemia in 3 moments (10% each 10 min) 60 min after anesthesia. G2 received S(+)-ketamine, 15 mg. kg-1, i.m., 5 min after anesthesia and 55 min before the 1st hemorrhage moment (Ml). Medium arterial pressure (MAP), rectal temperature (T) and heart rate were monitored. The animals were sacrificed in M4, 30 min after the 3rd hemorrhage moment (M3) and the kidneys and blood collected from hemorrhage were utilized for histological study and hematocrit (Ht) determination. RESULTS: There were significant reduction of MAP, T, and Ht. The histological study verified G1 = G2 for tubular dilation, congestion, and necrosis. The total score addition were significant1y different and G2 > G 1. CONCLUSION: Hemorrhage and hypotension determined changes in kidney histology. The rise in catecholamine blood concentration probably was the cause of S(+)-ketamine-induced higher score of histological changes.

scholarly journals Induced Resistance by Penicillium oxalicum Against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici: Histological Studies of Infected and Induced Tomato Stems

2000 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. De Cal ◽  
R. Garcia-Lepe ◽  
P. Melgarejo
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Secondary Xylem ◽  
Cambial Activity ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Penicillium Oxalicum ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Progress Curve

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) plants of ‘Lorena’ were induced with a conidial suspension (107 conidia per ml) of Penicillium oxalicum before inoculation with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, the wilt pathogen. Histological changes occurred in plants under both growth chamber and glasshouse culture conditions and there was a reduction of disease severity. In noninduced plants, the pathogen produced almost a complete loss of cambium (75 to 100% reduction), an increase in the number of bundles, and a decrease in the number of xylem vessels (20% reduction), in which the diameter also was reduced by 20 to 30% in hypocotyls and epicotyls. The percentage of vessels colonized by F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici was positively correlated to the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). However, plants induced with P. oxalicum showed less disease, did not lose the cambium, had a lower number of bundles, and had less vascular colonization by F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (35 to 99%). These effects also were observed in ‘Precodor’, which is susceptible to races 1 and 2 of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, and partially in ‘Ramón’, which is resistant to both races. Renewed or prolonged cambial activity that led to the formation of additional secondary xylem could be one of the reasons for disease reduction in P. oxalicum-induced tomato plants.

scholarly journals Functional Changes in Thalamic Relay Neurons after Focal Cerebral Infarct: A Study of Unit Recordings from VPL Neurons after MCA Occlusion in Rats

1992 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 954-961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Tokuno ◽  
Kazuo Kataoka ◽  
Toshiharu Asai ◽  
Shiko Chichibu ◽  
Ryotaro Kuroda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Firing Rate ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Mca Occlusion ◽  
Thalamic Relay ◽  
Somatosensory Pathway ◽  
Repetitive Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Thalamic Relay Neurons ◽  
Stimulation Of

We evaluated neuronal and histological changes of thalamic neurons 1, 4, 7, and 14 days after middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion in rats. After the somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) were measured from the cerebral cortex, the thalamic relay neuronal activities were recorded with a glass microelectrode following repetitive electrical stimulation of the contralateral forepaw at frequencies ranging from 1 to 50 Hz. In ∼95% of the occluded rats, the ipsilateral somatosensory cortex and/or the subcortical somatosensory pathway developed infarct, resulting in SEP loss. We evaluated unit data from rats with abolished SEPs. The average firing rate of the nucleus ventralis posterolateralis (VPL) neurons in response to 25 stimulations at 30 Hz was significantly reduced to 0.1 spike/stimulus 1 day after MCA occlusion. In sham-operated rats, the same stimulation produced 0.7 spike/stimulus. The firing rate recovered to 0.4 spike/stimulus at 30-Hz stimulation 4 and 7 days after occlusion. This was followed by resuppression (0.1 spike/stimulus) 14 days after occlusion. Histological study revealed some abnormal neurons in the ipsilateral thalamus 7 days after occlusion. We were unable to find normal-shaped neurons in the VPL 14 days after occlusion. The present study demonstrates that cortical infarct produces functional and morphologic changes that gradually and progressively affect the ipsilateral thalamus, although incomplete transient recovery of somatosensory transmission may occur.

scholarly journals Antitranspirant Treatments of Stock Plants do not alter Growth and Adventitious Rooting of Shoots of ‘Montaigne’ Lilac and White Fringetree

2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 240-244
Author(s):  
Susan M. Switras-Meyer ◽  
Jeffrey H. Gillman
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Adventitious Rooting ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Stock Plant ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Acrylic Emulsion ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
Rooting Of Cuttings ◽  
Plant Treatment

Abstract Antitranspirants were evaluated for their effectiveness as a stock plant treatment to improve adventitious rooting of softwood cuttings of Syringa vulgaris L. ‘Montaigne’ (Montaigne lilac) and Chionanthus virginicus L. (white fringe tree). New shoots of S. vulgaris ‘Montaigne’ and C. virginicus were sprayed with one of two film-forming antitranspirants including Clear Spray® (aqueous acrylic emulsion) and sodium silicate; or Atrazine®, a herbicide that acts as a stomate-regulating antitranspirant. Shoot caliper of antitranspirant-treated lilacs increased more slowly than controls. Thirty days after treatment cuttings were taken from both taxa. All treatments resulted in 80 to 85% rooting of cuttings in lilac after 6 weeks, but cuttings from Clear Spray®-treated plants rooted more quickly. Chionanthus virginicus cuttings treated with Clear Spray® had significantly lower rooting (16%) than cuttings taken from Atrazine® treated plants (50%). In a subsequent experiment, antitranspirant treatment had no significant effect on shoot length or caliper of ‘Montaigne’ lilac. Photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and location of cutting on the stock plant were all positively correlated with shoot length, shoot caliper, and cutting diameter. Shoot length and caliper and cutting diameter, however, were all negatively correlated with root number and root length. There were no significant treatment effects on rooting percentage, root number or root length.

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