scholarly journals Self-sterility May Be Due to Prezygotic Late-acting Self-incompatibility and Early-acting Inbreeding Depression in Chinese Chestnut

2019 ◽  
Vol 144 (3) ◽  
pp. 172-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Xiong ◽  
Feng Zou ◽  
Sujuan Guo ◽  
Deyi Yuan ◽  
Genhua Niu
Keyword(s):  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Paraffin Section ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Double Fertilization ◽  
Chinese Chestnut ◽  
Section Technique ◽  
Ovule Penetration

Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima), which is native to China, has been cultivated as a nontimber forest tree species for 4000 years. This species has been found to display self-sterility, which results in a significantly lower seed set following self-pollination (SP) compared with that following cross-pollination (CP). Self-sterility can be induced by prezygotic or postzygotic late-acting self-incompatibility (LSI) or early-acting inbreeding depression (EID). To elucidate the causes of self-sterility in chestnut, we investigated pollen–pistil interactions, fertilization, and early ovule development following SP and CP by using a paraffin section technique and fluorescence microscopy. The fruit set percentage and seed characteristics also were evaluated among different pollination treatments. The results show that there were no significant differences in pollen tube behavior following SP vs. CP, regardless of the stigmatic or stylar level. Double fertilization was significantly greater following CP (18.09%) than SP (2.58%). The significantly lower percentages of ovule penetration and double fertilization in the selfed vs. crossed ovules support a prezygotic LSI mechanism in C. mollissima. The fruit set resulting from chase-pollination (CHP; 53.85% to 63.64%) was greater than that resulting from SP (12.12% to 14.00%). In addition, the distribution of aborted seed sizes after SP showed a widely clumped pattern. Abortion occurred at different stages during seed development rather than at a uniform stage, which supported the idea that EID was operating in C. mollissima. Levels of self-sterility in the chinese chestnut trees ranged from 88.2% to 90.5%. Thus, partial prezygotic LSI and EID contributed to self-sterility in the C. mollissima ‘Yanshanzaofeng’, with prezygotic LSI rejecting part of the self-pollen in the ovary and EID aborting part of the self-fertilized seeds.

scholarly journals Do s genes or deleterious recessives control late-acting self-incompatibility in Handroanthus heptaphyllus (Bignoniaceae)? A diallel study with four full sib progeny arrays

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta B Bianchi ◽  
Thomas R Meagher ◽  
Peter E Gibbs
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Partial Embryo ◽  
Ovule Penetration ◽  
S Genes

Abstract Background and Aims Genetically controlled self-incompatibility (SI) mechanisms constrain selfing and thus have contributed to the evolutionary diversity of flowering plants. In homomorphic gametophytic SI (GSI) and homomorphic sporophytic SI (SSI), genetic control is usually by a single multi-allelic locus S. Both GSI and SSI prevent self pollen tubes reaching the ovary and so are pre-zygotic in action. In contrast, in taxa with late-acting self-incompatibility (LSI), rejection is often post-zygotic, since self-pollen tubes grow to the ovary where fertilization may occur prior to floral abscission. Alternatively, lack of self fruit set could be due to early-acting inbreeding depression (EID). The aim of our study was to investigate mechanisms underlying lack of selfed fruit set in Handroanthus heptaphyllus in order to assess the likelihood of LSI versus EID. Methods We employed four full sib diallels to study the genetic control of LSI in Handroanthus heptaphyllus using a precociously flowering variant. We also used fluorescence microscopy to study the incidence of ovule penetration by pollen tubes in pistils that abscised following pollination or initiated fruits. Key Results All diallels showed reciprocally cross-incompatible full-sibs (RCI), reciprocally cross compatible full-sibs (RCC), and non-reciprocally compatible full-sibs (NRC) in almost equal proportions. There was no significant difference between the incidence of ovule penetrations in abscised pistils following self- and cross-incompatible pollinations, but those in successful cross pollinations were around twofold greater. Conclusions A genetic model postulating a single S locus with four s alleles, one of which, in the maternal parent, is dominant to the other three, will produce RCI, RCC and NRC situations each at 33 %, consistent with our diallel results. We favour this simple genetic control over an early-acting inbreeding depression (EID) explanation since none of our pollinations, successful or unsuccessful, resulted in partial embryo development, as would be expected under a whole genome EID effect.

scholarly journals IDENTIFIKASI FENOMENA SELF-INCOMPATIBILITY PADA Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
Dias Idha Pramesti
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Development ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Globular Embryo ◽  
Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis ◽  
Artificial Pollination

Hybridization is one way to produce Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. which have various shape and colour of flowers. However, this is hampered by the possibility of self-incompatibility in Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. To identify self-incompatibility in Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. the simplest methods are used by observing the morphology and anatomy of fruit development, followed by a descriptive analysis of the data that has been obtained. The analysis results on crossing artificial pollination to 103 flowers of single pink Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. show that the fruits survive until day 7 after pollination. Furthermore, the data show that there is no fruit, seed, and embryo development. Indeed the fruit turns yellow and finally shed. But the self artificial pollination shows that 35 seeds develop from 96 pollinations. The longer seed, which 13 days after pollination, grew up. The globular embryo could find on 3 DAP (day after pollination) fruit set, and the 9 DAP fruit set shows the development of heart shape. The result suggests that the phenomenon of self-incompatibility on Hibiscus rosa sinensis L. predicts as postzygotic self-incompatibility.

Self-incompatibility in Eucalyptus globulus ssp. globulus (Myrtaceae)

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 365 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Pound ◽  
M. A. B. Wallwork ◽  
B. M. Potts ◽  
M. Sedgley
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Seed Maturity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Site Of Action ◽  
Ovule Penetration

Controlled pollinations with self- and cross-pollen were applied to individual flowers of five mature Eucalyptus globulus Labill. ssp. globulus trees to investigate the site of action of the self-incompatibility mechanism. Growth of pollen tubes in styles at 2 weeks after pollination and ovule penetration by pollen tubes at 2 and 4 weeks after pollination were investigated by fluorescence microscopy. Some pollinated flowers were left to develop to seed maturity, then harvested to quantify the level of self-incompatibility of each tree. Trees ranged from 76 to 100% self-incompatible. There was no significant difference in the number of pollen tubes in the style between treatments although variation was present between trees. The number of pollen tubes present was similar to the number of ovules present within flowers. Penetration of ovules by pollen tubes over all five trees combined revealed no difference between treatments at 2 weeks after pollination; however, there was slightly greater penetration by cross-pollen tubes at 4 weeks after pollination. This difference was not large enough to account for the near complete lack of selfed-seed production, suggesting late pre- or post-zygotic arrest of selfed ovules.

scholarly journals Carbon Dioxide Treatment Partially Overcomes Self-incompatibility in a Cacao Genotype

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhu Aneja ◽  
Thomas Gianfagna ◽  
Edward Ng ◽  
Ignacio Badilla
Keyword(s):  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
The Self ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Self Pollination ◽  
Promotive Effect ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Germination Stage

Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) contains self-compatible and self-incompatible genotypes. In the greenhouse, pollen germination and fruit set failed to occur after self-pollination of an incompatible genotype (IMC 30); however, if the self-pollinated flowers were enclosed in plastic vials for 6 h after pollination, pollen germination was 95% The promotive effect of enclosed pollination on pollen germination was due to the accumulation of CO2 (8.9 % v/v). Despite the high rate of pollen germination, fruit set was only 45%. Seeds produced from self-pollinations using this technique were viable, with 95% germination. Cross-pollination with `Amelonado' pollen resulted in 100% pollen germination and 46% fruit set. Enclosure of cross-pollinated flowers did not improve the percentage of fruit set. Sections made through the ovary 48 h after enclosed self-pollination indicated that the majority of ovules contained a zygote; however, some ovules still contained unfused male and female gametes and polar nuclei. Self-incompatibility in this genotype is expressed at two stages in the process leading to fruit set. The first is at the pollen germination stage and can be overcome by CO2 treatment; the second is at the gametic fusion stage.

scholarly journals METHOD FOR OVERCOMING THE PASSION FRUIT SELF-INCOMPATIBILITY

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSÉ SEVERINO DE LIRA JÚNIOR ◽  
CLÁUDIO HORST BRUCKNER ◽  
PEDRO CRESCÊNCIO SOUZA CARNEIRO
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
The Self ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Inbred Population ◽  
Self Pollination ◽  
Fruit Mass

ABSTRACT The methodology of self-pollination of passion fruit flowers at anthesis after stigma excision was proposed. This method was compared with self-pollination procedures at anthesis and at the stage of flower bud. Two genotypes (M7 and N9), propagated by cuttings were studied. Self-pollinations were performed at 1 pm, 1 pm and 5 pm or 5 pm. Fruit set (%), fruit mass (g), pulp mass (g), pulp/fruit ratio and seed number per fruit were evaluated and compared to fruits derived from M7 x N9 and N9 x M7 crosses. No fruit set was obtained from self-pollination at anthesis, which confirms the self-incompatibility of both genotypes. Self-pollination after stigma excision was the best procedure, reaching average fruit set of 73.61 % (13 hours) and 81.94 % (double self-pollination at 1 pm and 5 pm). Although two self-pollinations after stigma excision at anthesis is more efficient, performing only one self-pollination at 1 pm requires less labor. The amount of seeds produced per fruit is satisfactory to generate inbred population.

scholarly journals Molecular characteristics of S-RNase alleles as the determinant of self-incompatibility in the style of Fragaria viridis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianke Du ◽  
Chunfeng Ge ◽  
Tingting Li ◽  
Sanhong Wang ◽  
Zhihong Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diploid Species ◽  
The Self ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Intraspecific Hybridization ◽  
Noncoding Sequences ◽  
Family Analysis ◽  
The Family ◽  
Genotype Identification ◽  
Rnase T2

AbstractStrawberry (Fragaria spp.) is a member of the Rosoideae subfamily in the family Rosaceae. The self-incompatibility (SI) of some diploid species is a key agronomic trait that acts as a basic pollination barrier; however, the genetic mechanism underlying SI control in strawberry remains unclear. Two candidate S-RNases (Sa- and Sb-RNase) identified in the transcriptome of the styles of the self-incompatible Fragaria viridis 42 were confirmed to be SI determinants at the S locus following genotype identification and intraspecific hybridization using selfing progenies. Whole-genome collinearity and RNase T2 family analysis revealed that only an S locus exists in Fragaria; however, none of the compatible species contained S-RNase. Although the results of interspecific hybridization experiments showed that F. viridis (SI) styles could accept pollen from F. mandshurica (self-compatible), the reciprocal cross was incompatible. Sa and Sb-RNase contain large introns, and their noncoding sequences (promotors and introns) can be transcribed into long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). Overall, the genus Fragaria exhibits S-RNase-based gametophytic SI, and S-RNase loss occurs at the S locus of compatible germplasms. In addition, a type of SI-independent unilateral incompatibility exists between compatible and incompatible Fragaria species. Furthermore, the large introns and neighboring lncRNAs in S-RNase in Fragaria could offer clues about S-RNase expression strategies.

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