Yield Response of Spring Wheat and Barley to Nitrogen Fertilizer in Relation to Soil and Climatic Factors

The response of Gabo wheat to nitrogen fertilizer at 52 sites in the wheat growing areas of South Australia during 1956-61 was examined in relation to climatic factors by a stepwise multiple regression analysis using a computer. The ten dependent variables were the linear and quadratic coefficients obtained by fitting orthogonal polynomials to response curves of various parameters (grain yield, grain + straw yield, harvest index, grain nitrogen percentage, and grain nitrogen yield) to applied nitrogen at each of the 52 sites. The 23 independent variables were the amounts of rainfall and evaporation during the growing period, maximum and minimum temperatures and estimates of high temperature stress during spring and amount of rainfall immediately after sowing at each site. The climatic variables examined explained 46.5, 64.3, and 64.3 per cent of the variation in the response to nitrogen fertilizer of grain yield, grain + straw yield, and grain nitrogen yield respectively. The positive effects of increasing amounts of winter rainfall on yield response to applied nitrogen were marked. On the other hand, the negative effects of high maximum temperatures in the latter part of the growing period, particularly during October, on yield response were also evident.

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YIELD RESPONSE OF CONQUEST BARLEY AS AFFECTED BY NITROGEN FERTILIZER AND SOIL TESTS FOR AMMONIUM- AND NITRATE-NITROGEN

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss73-026 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 53 (2) ◽

pp. 163-168 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

W. F. NUTTALL

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽

Nitrate Nitrogen ◽

Climatic Factors ◽

Phosphate Fertilizer ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽

Yield Response ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Soil Tests ◽

Quadratic Equations ◽

Fertilizer Rates

Yield response of Conquest barley to nitrogen fertilizer applied at 22, 45, 67, and 134 kg/ha with and without 20 kg P/ha were significantly related by regression analyses to ammonium- and to nitrate-nitrogen in soils of northeastern Saskatchewan. Both linear and quadratic equations obtained from the regression analyses were used to develop tables estimating yield response of barley related to nitrogen fertilizer rates and soil tests for ammonium- and nitrate-nitrogen. The results indicated that a greater response to nitrogen fertilizer occurred with a given amount of ammonium- plus nitrate-nitrogen than with the same amount of nitrate-nitrogen alone. Phosphate fertilizer also significantly increased yield response to nitrogen fertilizers. Confidence intervals showed that wide variation could be expected in yield response to nitrogen fertilizers. Variation is attributed to differences in soil type, soil moisture, and climatic factors among experimental sites.

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Some observations on the influence of nitrogen fertilizer applied at seeding on the nitrogen content of the wheat grain

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9640345 ◽

1964 ◽

Vol 4 (15) ◽

pp. 345 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

JS Russell

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Content ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽

Climatic Factors ◽

Yield Response ◽

Wheat Grain ◽

Nitrogen Yield ◽

Grain Nitrogen ◽

Nitrogen Percentage

The effect of nitrogen fertilizer applied at seeding on the nitrogen content of wheat grain was studied in 63 experiments during the six seasons 1956-1961. The overall effect of fertilizer was to increase grain nitrogen percentage, but there were situations where no change and even decreases in grain nitrogen percentage were found. The magnitude of the changes due to nitrogen fertilizer was small in relation to change brought about by climatic factors. Both the change in nitrogen content and nitrogen yield from applied fertilizer showed a relation to the nitrogen content of grain from unfertilized plants. Significant differences between varieties were found for nitrogen yield response but not for nitrogen content response.

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Irrigated spring wheat and timing and amount of nitrogen fertilizer. II. Physiology of grain yield response

Field Crops Research ◽

10.1016/0378-4290(93)90094-4 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 33 (1-2) ◽

pp. 57-80 ◽

Cited By ~ 143

Author(s):

R.A. Fischer

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽

Yield Response

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EFFECTS OF INCREMENTAL N FERTILIZATION ON GRAIN YIELD AND DRY MATTER ACCUMULATION OF SIX SPRING WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) CULTIVARS IN SOUTHERN MANITOBA

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps90-006 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

pp. 51-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

D. T. GEHL ◽

L. D. BAILEY ◽

C. A. GRANT ◽

J. M. SADLER

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Root Zone ◽

Temporal Distribution ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Yield Response ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation

A 3-yr study was conducted on three Orthic Black Chernozemic soils to determine the effects of incremental N fertilization on grain yield and dry matter accumulation and distribution of six spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. Urea (46–0–0) was sidebanded at seeding in 40 kg N ha−1 increments from 0 to 240 kg ha−1 in the first year and from 0 to 200 kg ha−1 in the 2 subsequent years. Nitrogen fertilization increased the grain and straw yields of all cultivars in each experiment. The predominant factor affecting the N response and harvest index of each cultivar was available moisture. At two of the three sites, 91% of the interexperiment variability in mean maximum grain yield was explained by variation in root zone moisture at seeding. Mean maximum total dry matter varied by less than 12% among cultivars, but mean maximum grain yield varied by more than 30%. Three semidwarf cultivars, HY 320, Marshall and Solar, had consistently higher grain yield and grain yield response to N than Glenlea and Katepwa, two standard height cultivars, and Len, a semidwarf. The mean maximum grain yield of HY 320 was the highest of the cultivars on test and those of Katepwa and Len the lowest. Len produced the least straw and total dry matter. The level of N fertilization at maximum grain yield varied among cultivars, sites and years. Marshall and Solar required the highest and Len the lowest N rates to achieve maximum grain yield. The year-to-year variation in rates of N fertilization needed to produce maximum grain yield on a specific soil type revealed the limitations of N fertility recommendations based on "average" amounts and temporal distribution of available moisture.Key words: Wheat (spring), N response, standard height, semidwarf, grain yield

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The effect of seed rate and nitrogen fertilizer on the yield and nutritive value of oat-vetch mixtures

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600084100 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 112 (1) ◽

pp. 57-66 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

N. Moreira

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

High Yield ◽

Mineral Nutrient ◽

Yield Response ◽

N Nutrition ◽

North East ◽

Positive Effect ◽

Very High

SummaryExperiments were conducted on the seed rates of the components of oat-vetch mixtures combined with varying rates of nitrogen fertilizer in a rainfed area of north-east Portugal in 1982–3 and 1984–5.Forage oats grown alone showed a very high yield response to N and rainfall ranging from 30 to 18·2 t D.M./ha, but had a very low crude protein concentration (37–54 g/kg D.M.) and a poor mineral nutrient composition.The increased use of vetch in the seed mixture had a buffering effect on dry-matter (D.M.) yield but this depended very much on crop N nutrition. For N-deficient conditions vetch inclusion increased the D.M. yield and had a strong positive effect on total forage crude protein (CP) and mineral composition. When crop N nutrition was good, very high D.M. yields (> 12 t D.M./ha) were possible using a high proportion of oats, with vetch making a reduced contribution to the yield and nutritive value of total forage.Seed rates suggested in the literature for Mediterranean conditions are adequate for low N inputs and low available soil N, but not for high D.M. yields which can only be obtained by using a higher proportion of oats and adequate N fertilizer.

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Effects of foliar applied nitrogen fertilizer on cotton waterlogged in a cracking grey clay

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9870681 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 38 (4) ◽

pp. 681 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

AS Hodgson ◽

DA MacLeod

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽

Furrow Irrigation ◽

N Fertilizer ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Yield Response ◽

The Third ◽

Foliar N ◽

Waterlogging Treatment ◽

Applied Nitrogen

Foliar-applied nitrogen (N) fertilizer was investigated as a means of ameliorating the damage to cotton of waterlogging associated with extended furrow irrigation of a cracking grey clay. Dissolved urea was applied at 0, 5, 10 and 20 kg N ha-1 to the cotton foliage one day before furrow irrigations lasting 4, 8, 16 and 32 h. Treatments were repeated at three crop irrigations. Storms following the first two irrigations delayed the recovery from waterlogging and reduced treatment differences. However, foliar-applied N significantly increased late square and green boll numbers after the third irrigation, and produced more open bolls and heavier lint yields than the control treatment at harvest. Lint yields increased by 2.8, 5.9, 8.4 and up to 10.5 kg ha-1 per kg of foliar N applied before irrigations lasting 4, 8, 16 and 32 h, respectively. From this interaction it was concluded that foliar-applied N ameliorated the effects of waterlogging. Nevertheless, in the most severe waterlogging treatment, yield response to foliar N reached a limit, indicating that some other factor had become limiting.

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EFFECT OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZATION ON WILD OATS AND SPRING WHEAT

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps63-010 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 64-69 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

J. J. Sexsmith ◽

G. C. Russell

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽

High Rate ◽

Phosphorus Fertilization ◽

Wild Oat ◽

Measurable Effect ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Wild Oats ◽

Loam Soil

Spring wheat, with fertilizer applied in the drill rows, was grown in wild-oat-infested stubble on a Shallow Lethbride loam soil for 4 years, Phosphorus had no measurable effect on the height, straw weight, seed yield, or number of wild-oat plants. In contrast, nitrogen increased the number of seed-bearing stems, plant height, straw weight, and seed yield, but did not change the wild-oat stand. Wheat yields were increased by nitrogen and further increased by the addition of phosphorus at the rate of 20 pounds of P2O5 per acre in 3 of the 4 years. Measured bushel weight of the wheat increased with nitrogen fertilizer additions and was further increased by phosphorus except at the high rate of both materials. Fertilizer applications, under conditions similar to those encountered in this test, may be useful for increasing wheat production, but only at the expense of producing increased quantities of wild-oat seed.

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