scholarly journals General Education, Vocational Education, and Labor-Market Outcomes Over the Life-Cycle

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric A. Hanushek ◽  
Ludger Woessmann ◽  
Zhang Lei
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
General Education ◽  
Vocational Education ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Market Outcomes

scholarly journals General Education, Vocational Education, and Labor-Market Outcomes over the Lifecycle

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric A. Hanushek ◽  
Guido Schwerdt ◽  
Ludger Woessmann ◽  
Lei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
General Education ◽  
Vocational Education ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Market Outcomes

scholarly journals The effectiveness of vocational education in promoting equity and occupational mobility amongst young people

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (180) ◽  
pp. 7-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Will Bartlett
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Young People ◽  
General Education ◽  
Vocational Education ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Occupational Mobility ◽  
School Systems ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
School Based ◽  
The Impact

This paper reviews current knowledge about the impact of vocational education and training on the labor market outcomes for young people in advanced market economies, and asks whether the results can be extrapolated to countries in the Western Balkans and the EU neighborhood. It draws four main policy conclusions. First, in transition countries, specialized vocational education should not be replaced by streaming or tracking within comprehensive school systems or integrated into general education programmes. Abandoning effective vocational schooling may worsen the labor market outcomes for the less able and disadvantaged young people. Inadequate vocational school systems should be strengthened, while ensuring effective pathways to higher levels of education. Second, while apprenticeship systems enable lower ability students and minorities to access the labor market, they may lock women into traditional female occupations. Well-organized and resourced school-based vocational education may be preferred by women who feel they could benefit from them, and may furthermore reduce school drop-out rates. Third, occupational mobility can be improved by effective school-based vocational education. If returns to such education are sufficiently high, they can incentives mobility. While for developed economies there is little difference in rates of return between general and vocational education, in transition economies, returns to vocational education are higher than returns to general education. Fourth, while occupational mobility is needed for countries undergoing structural change, it should be noted that too much mobility can also be harmful to the skill retention, especially for women. Special attention should therefore be given to providing complementary opportunities for retraining and for lifelong learning to all workers, but especially to women, to encourage and support the desired degree of mobility in the labor market.

scholarly journals Preparing Women of Substance? Education, Training, and Labor Market Outcomes for Women in Pakistan

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (Special Edition) ◽  
pp. 93-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monazza Aslam ◽  
Shenila Rawal
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
General Education ◽  
Occupational Choice ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Returns To Schooling ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Market Benefits

This paper investigates the economic (i.e., labor market) outcomes of “training” for individuals in Pakistan. The labor market benefits of general education have been relatively well explored in the literature and specifically in Pakistan. They point to the benefits of education accruing both from education or skills that promote a person’s entry into more lucrative occupations and from raising earnings within any given occupation. This research delves into another angle by investigating the role, if any, of acquired “training“—technical, vocational, apprenticeship, or on-thejob— and its impact through both channels of effect on economic wellbeing. This is done using data from a unique, purpose-designed survey of more than 1,000 households in Pakistan, collected in 2007. Multinomial logit estimates of occupational attainment show how training determines occupational choice. In addition, we estimate the returns to schooling and to training separately for men and women. The results show that, while training significantly improves women’s chances of entering self-employment and wage work (as well as the more “lucrative” occupations), only wage-working women benefit from improved earnings through the training they have acquired. On the other hand, men who have acquired skills this way benefit through an improved probability of being self-employed and earning higher returns within that occupation.

scholarly journals Early life circumstances and labor market outcomes over the life cycle

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-468
Author(s):  
Manuel Flores ◽  
Pilar García-Gómez ◽  
Adriaan Kalwij
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Life Circumstances
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