Gender Differences in the Demand and Effects of Relative Performance Feedback for Competitions

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Wozniak ◽  
William T. Harbaugh ◽  
Ulrich Mayr
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Performance Feedback ◽  
Relative Performance

scholarly journals How Does Entrepreneurial Orientation Influence the Sustainable Growth of SMEs? The Role of Relative Performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 5178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiho Ok ◽  
He Soung Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Condition ◽  
Performance Feedback ◽  
Entrepreneurial Orientation ◽  
Firm Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Relative Performance ◽  
Past Performance ◽  
The Relationship

The answer to the question, “Which factors determine the sustainable growth of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)?” is still fragmented. While previous studies have paid attention to a firm’s entrepreneurial orientation (EO) as a key driver of SME growth, it is often overlooked that contextual factors can be crucial in order for EO to be effective in yielding sustainable growth in SMEs. This paper focuses on the role of relative performance as a boundary condition in the relationship between EO and sustainable growth of SMEs. We predict that the effect of EO on SMEs’ sustainable growth would differ depending on performance feedback based on their past performance. Our empirical analysis based on panel analysis shows that SMEs strongly pursue sales growth immediately after they achieve lower levels of performance than historical aspiration. However, when their performance goes beyond the historical aspiration level, their growth patterns appear to show a different pattern depending on their level of EO. SMEs with greater EO are more likely to pursue firm growth when performance is above historical aspirations while those with lesser EO are not. Our findings suggest that relative performance is an important boundary condition in the relationship between EO and SMEs’ sustainable growth.

Two Routes to Eliminating Gender Differences in Personal Entitlement: Social Comparisons and Performance Evaluations

1992 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne H. Bylsma ◽  
Brenda Major
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Performance Feedback ◽  
Social Comparisons ◽  
Performance Evaluations ◽  
Feedback Path ◽  
Path Analyses ◽  
Comparison Standards ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Analog Study ◽  
Comparison Information

This analog study examined how the presence and absence of explicit social comparison standards and performance feedback influenced women's and men's perceptions of personal entitlement for pay. In the absence of both comparison information and performance feedback, women felt they deserved less pay than did men. However, these gender differences were eliminated when women and men were exposed to either the same comparison information or the same performance feedback. Path analyses further revealed that the effects of comparison information and performance feedback on judgments of pay fairness and satisfaction were mediated almost exclusively by feelings of entitlement.

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