BALIKESİR’DE HAVA KİRLİLİĞİNİN SOLUNUM YOLU HASTALIKLARININ MEKÂNSAL DAĞILIŞI ÜZERİNE ETKİSİNİ ANLAMADA JEO-İSTATİSTİK TEKNİKLER (Geostatistic Techniques for Understanding the Effects of Air Pollution on Spatial Distribution of Respiratory Diseases in the City of Balıkesir)

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Şermin Tağil
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
The City

scholarly journals Atmospheric Pollution and Hospitalization for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Diseases in the City of Manaus from 2008 to 2012

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Daniel S. Sacramento ◽  
Lourdes C. Martins ◽  
Marcos A. Arbex ◽  
Ysabely de A. P. Pamplona
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Time Series Study ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
The City ◽  
Series Study

Introduction. Air pollution has been identified as a serious public health problem in the world’s major metropolises. Recent studies have shown that airborne particle concentrations are associated with a wide range of effects on human health, including increased hospital admissions for respiratory disease, enhanced asthma episodes, decreased lung function, and increased mortality. Objective. To relate the levels of air pollution and hospital admissions for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in the city of Manaus in Brazil from 2008 to 2012. Method. This is an ecological time-series study among children (under 5 years of age) and elderly (above 60 years of age). Data on the daily number of hospitalizations for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, pollutants (PM2.5), temperature, and humidity were used. Poisson generalized additive models were used to estimate the association between variables. Increases in hospitalizations for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases were estimated for the interquartile range (IQR) daily mean level of each variable studied, with a confidence interval of 95%. Results. Respiratory diseases and children: −0.40% (95% CI: −1.11, 0.30), 0.59% (95% CI: −0.35, 1.52), and 0.47% (95% CI: −3.28, 4.21) for PM2.5, temperature, and humidity, respectively. Respiratory diseases and elderly: 0.19% (95% CI: −0.93, 1.31), −0.10% (95% CI: −1.85, 1.65), and −6.17% (95% CI: −13.08, 0.74) for PM2.5, temperature, and humidity, respectively. Cardiovascular diseases and elderly: −0.18% (95% CI: −0.86, 0.50), −0.04% (95% CI: −1.10, 1.03), and −3.37% (95% CI: −7.59, 0.85) for PM2.5, temperature, and humidity, respectively. Conclusions. The time-series study found no significant association between PM2.5, temperature, humidity, and hospitalization, unlike the evidences provided by the present academic literature. Since there is no air quality monitoring network in Manaus and the option available in the present study was to reproduce some information obtained from remote sensing, there is a need for implementation of ground monitoring stations for health and environmental studies in the region.

scholarly journals Spatio-Temporal Modelling of the Change of Residential-Induced PM10 Pollution through Substitution of Coal with Natural Gas in Domestic Heating

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 10870
Author(s):  
Muzeyyen Anil Senyel Kurkcuoglu ◽  
Beyda Nur Zengin
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Energy Distribution ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Residential Heating ◽  
Urban Energy ◽  
The City

Air pollution has been one of the most critical urban problems. Urban energy networks are among the major sources of air pollution, particularly in highly populated urban areas. Residential heating, which is the primary cause of particulate matter (PM) emissions, contributes to the problem through the use of low-quality fuels, such as coal. Natural gas, although a fossil fuel, is a modern, relatively clean, and more efficient alternative in residential energy use, which helps to reduce particulate matter emissions. Coal was widely used in residential heating in İzmir, Turkey, whereas natural gas is a relatively new alternative which started to be used domestically in 2006. Switching from coal and other highly polluting fossil fuels to natural gas in urban energy distribution network has contributed to the alleviation of air pollution in the city in the past decade. Spatiotemporal analyses of the PM10 concentrations, and their relation to the natural gas investments, have been conducted in geographical information systems (GIS). The spatial distribution of the change in PM10 levels has been modeled with ordinary kriging for the 2010–2011 and 2018–2019 winter seasons. Interpolated PM10 surfaces show that there is a significant decrease in the emissions throughout the city in the overall, while the highest levels of decrease are observed in the southern part of the city. Overlaying the interpolated PM10 surfaces and the natural gas pipeline investments enables the demonstration of the mutual relationship between the change in emission levels and the energy distribution network. Indeed, the spatial distribution of the pollution concentrations appears to be parallel to the natural gas investments. The pipeline investments were intensive during the 2010–2018 period in the southern districts when compared the rest of the city. The use of natural gas in residential heating contributed to the decrease in PM10 emissions.

scholarly journals Respiratory diseases in preschool children in the city of Nis exposed to suspended particulates and carbon monoxide from ambient air

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 326-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelija Djordjevic ◽  
Goran Ristic ◽  
Nenad Zivkovic ◽  
Branimir Todorovic ◽  
Sladjan Hristov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The City

Background/Aim. Analysis of air quality in Serbia indicates that the city of Nis belongs to a group of cities characterized by the third category of air quality (excessive air pollution). The aim of the study was to analyze the degree of causality between ambient air quality affected by particulate matter of 10 ?m (PM10) and carbon monoxide (CO) and the incidence of respiratory diseases in preschool children in the city of Nis. Methods. We quantified the influence of higher PM10 concentrations and carbon monoxide comprising motor vehicle exhausts in the city of Nis on the occurrence of unwanted health effects in preschool children by means of the hazard quotient (HQ), individual health risk (Ri), and the probability of cancer (ICR). The methodology used was according to the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and it included basic scientific statistical methods, compilation methods, and the relevant mathematical methods for assessing air pollution health risk, based on the use of attribute equations. Results. Measurement of ambient air pollutant concentrations in the analyzed territory for the entire monitoring duration revealed that PM10 concentrations were significantly above the allowed limits during 80% of the days. The maximum measured PM10 concentration was 191.6 ?g/m3, and carbon monoxide 5.415 mg/m3. The incidence of respiratory diseases in the experimental group, with a prominent impact of polluted air was 57.17%, whereas the incidence in the control group was considerably lower, 41.10 %. There were also significant differences in the distribution of certain respiratory diseases. Conclusion. In order to perform good causal analysis of air quality and health risk, it is very important to establish and develop a system for long-term monitoring, control, assessment, and prediction of air pollution. We identified the suspended PM10 and CO as ambient air pollutants causing negative health effects in the exposed preschool children population.

scholarly journals Air pollution and its impacts on health in Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarice Umbelino de Freitas ◽  
Antonio Ponce de Leon ◽  
Washington Junger ◽  
Nelson Gouveia
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Espírito Santo ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Distributed Lag Models ◽  
Espirito Santo ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze the impact of air pollution on respiratory and cardiovascular morbidity of children and adults in the city of Vitoria, state of Espirito Santo. METHODS A study was carried out using time-series models via Poisson regression from hospitalization and pollutant data in Vitoria, ES, Southeastern Brazil, from 2001 to 2006. Fine particulate matter (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and ozone (O3) were tested as independent variables in simple and cumulative lags of up to five days. Temperature, humidity and variables indicating weekdays and city holidays were added as control variables in the models. RESULTS For each increment of 10 µg/m3 of the pollutants PM10, SO2, and O3, the percentage of relative risk (%RR) for hospitalizations due to total respiratory diseases increased 9.67 (95%CI 11.84-7.54), 6.98 (95%CI 9.98-4.17) and 1.93 (95%CI 2.95-0.93), respectively. We found %RR = 6.60 (95%CI 9.53-3.75), %RR = 5.19 (95%CI 9.01-1.5), and %RR = 3.68 (95%CI 5.07-2.31) for respiratory diseases in children under the age of five years for PM10, SO2, and O3, respectively. Cardiovascular diseases showed a significant relationship with O3, with %RR = 2.11 (95%CI 3.18-1.06). CONCLUSIONS Respiratory diseases presented a stronger and more consistent relationship with the pollutants researched in Vitoria. A better dose-response relationship was observed when using cumulative lags in polynomial distributed lag models.

scholarly journals Occurrence variations and spatial distribution patterns of Eriophyes tiliae (Pgst.) (Acari, Eriophyidae) subspecies in the urban environment

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 547-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Buchta ◽  
E. Kula ◽  
M. Kresťanpolová
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Host Preference ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Suitable Host ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
The City

The occurrence of Eriophyes tiliae (Pgst.) subspecies was observed in lime trees in the urban area of Brno. Mites presence was assessed in relation to the lime species, its age and health conditions. Analysis of the occurrence of liosoma, tiliae and nervalis subspecies was carried out on leaves of 3,245 lime trees from the viewpoint of the host preference and spatial distribution of attack in the area of the city and potential effects of air pollution. Subspecies liosoma and tiliae occurred in 13% of lime trees, the subspecies of nervalis was found only in 4 limes. Eudominant subspecies of E. tiliae preferred mature trees and young trees reaching height of mature trees in good health conditions. The distribution of Eriophyes tiliae on lime trees in the area ofBrno depended on the distribution of suitable host trees and was not affected by air pollution.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution of gaseous pollutants (NO<sub>2</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub>, NH<sub>3</sub>, HNO<sub>3</sub> and O<sub>3</sub>) in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Bahino ◽  
Veronique Yoboué ◽  
Corinne Galy-Lacaux ◽  
Marcellin Adon ◽  
Aristide Akpo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Urban Air Pollution ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Gaseous Pollutants ◽  
Urban Air ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
The City ◽  
Suburban Site

Abstract. This work is part of the DACCIWA FP7 program (Dynamics-Aerosol-Chemistry-Cloud Interactions in West Africa) in the framework of the work package 2 « Air Pollution and Health ». This study aims to characterize urban air pollution levels through the measurement of NO2, SO2, NH3, HNO3 and O3 in Abidjan, the economic capital of Cote d’Ivoire. Gases measurements are performed using INDAAF (International Network to study Deposition and Atmospheric chemistry in AFrica) passive samplers exposed in duplicate for two weeks periods. We performed an intensive measurement campaign in Abidjan from December 15th, 2015 to February 16th, 2016 during the dry season. Twenty-one sites were selected in the district of Abidjan to be representative of various anthropogenic and natural sources of air pollution in the city. We collected 672 samples of gas during this period. Results from the intensive campaign show that gas concentrations are strongly linked to pollution sources nearby and show a high spatial variability on the different sites of Abidjan. However, three gases present relative higher levels of concentrations at all the sites: NH3, NO2 and O3. NH3 average concentrations vary between 9.1 ± 1.7 ppb at a suburban site and 102.1 ± 9.1 ppb at a domestic fires site. NO2 mean concentration vary from 2.7 ± 0.1 ppb at a suburban site to 25.0 ± 1.7 ppb at an industrial site. We measured the two highest O3 concentration on the two coastal sites located in the southeast of the city with average concentration of 19.1 ± 1.7 ppb and 18.8 ± 3.0 ppb respectively for Gonzagueville and the Felix Houphouet-Boigny international airport. The SO2 average concentration never exceeds 7.2 ± 1.2 ppb at all the sites with 71.5 % of the sampling sites presenting concentrations ranged between 0.4 ppb and 1.9 ppb. The HNO3 average concentration is comprised between 0.2 ppb and 1.4 ppb. All these results were combined with meteorological parameters to provide the first mapping of gaseous pollutants at the scale of the district of Abidjan using the geostatistical analysis (ArcGIS software). Spatial distribution results emphasize the importance of the domestic fires source and the significant impact of the traffic emissions at the scale of the city. In addition, we propose in this work a first overview of gaseous SO2 and NO2 concentrations at the scale of several African cities from literature compared to our measurements. The daily SO2 standard of WHO is exceeded in most of the cities reported in the overview where concentrations range from 0.2 µg m−3 – 3662 µg m−3. Annual NO2 concentrations ranged from 2 µg m−3 – 175 µg m−3 are lower than the WHO threshold. As a conclusion, this study constitutes an original database to characterize urban air pollution and a first attempt toward a spatialization of the pollution levels at the scale of the metropolis of Abidjan. This work should draw the attention of the African public authorities to the necessity of air quality monitoring network in order to (1) to define national standards and to better control the pollutants emissions and (2) to investigate the impact on the health of the growing population of developing African countries

scholarly journals A pilot study of gaseous pollutants' measurement (NO<sub>2</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub>, NH<sub>3</sub>, HNO<sub>3</sub> and O<sub>3</sub>) in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire: contribution to an overview of gaseous pollution in African cities

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 5173-5198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Bahino ◽  
Véronique Yoboué ◽  
Corinne Galy-Lacaux ◽  
Marcellin Adon ◽  
Aristide Akpo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Urban Air Pollution ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Gaseous Pollutants ◽  
Urban Air ◽  
African Cities ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
The City ◽  
Suburban Site

Abstract. This work is part of the DACCIWA FP7 project (Dynamics-Aerosol-Chemistry-Cloud Interactions in West Africa) in the framework of the Work Package 2 Air Pollution and Health. This study aims to characterize urban air pollution levels through the measurement of NO2, SO2, NH3, HNO3 and O3 in Abidjan, the economic capital of Côte d'Ivoire. Measurements of inorganic gaseous pollutants, i.e. NO2, SO2, NH3, HNO3 and O3 were performed in Abidjan during an intensive campaign within the dry season (15 December 2015 to 16 February 2016), using INDAAF (International Network to study Deposition and Atmospheric chemistry in AFrica) passive samplers exposed in duplicate for 2-week periods. Twenty-one sites were selected in the district of Abidjan to be representative of various anthropogenic and natural sources of air pollution in the city. Results from this intensive campaign show that gas concentrations are strongly linked to surrounding pollution sources and show a high spatial variability. Also, NH3, NO2 and O3 gases were present at relatively higher concentrations at all the sites. NH3 average concentrations varied between 9.1 ± 1.7 ppb at a suburban site and 102.1 ± 9.1 ppb at a domestic fires site. NO2 mean concentration varied from 2.7 ± 0.1 ppb at a suburban site to 25.0 ± 1.7 ppb at an industrial site. Moreover, we measured the highest O3 concentration at the two coastal sites of Gonzagueville and Félix-Houphouët-Boigny International Airport located in the southeast of the city, with average concentrations of 19.1 ± 1.7 and 18.8 ± 3.0 ppb, respectively. The SO2 average concentration never exceeded 7.2 ± 1.2 ppb over all the sites, with 71.5 % of the sampling sites showing concentrations ranging between 0.4 and 1.9 ppb. The HNO3 average concentration ranged between 0.2 and 1.4 ppb. All these results were combined with meteorological parameters to provide the first mapping of gaseous pollutants on the scale of the district of Abidjan using geostatistical analysis (ArcGIS software). Spatial distribution results emphasize the importance of the domestic fires source and the significant impact of the traffic emissions on the scale of the city. In addition, in this work we propose a first overview of gaseous SO2 and NO2 concentrations on the scale of several African cities by comparing literature to our values. The daily SO2 standard of World Health Organization (WHO) is exceeded in most of the cities reported in the overview, with concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 3662 µg m−3. Annual NO2 concentrations ranged from 2 to 175 µg m−3, which are lower than the WHO threshold. As a conclusion, this study constitutes an original database to characterize urban air pollution and a first attempt towards presenting a spatial distribution of the pollution levels at the scale of the metropolis of Abidjan. This work should draw the attention of the African public authorities to the necessity of building an air quality monitoring network in order to (1) to define national standards and to better control the pollutants emissions and (2) to investigate the impact on the health of the growing population in developing African countries.

Environmental and Hygienic Assessment of Ambient Air Pollution in Oil-Producing and Oil-Refining Areas of the Republic of Bashkortostan and Population Health Status

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Z.B. Baktybaeva ◽  
R.A. Suleymanov ◽  
T.K. Valeev ◽  
N.R. Rahmatullin ◽  
E.G. Stepanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Disease Rates ◽  
Total Suspended Particles

Introduction. High density of oil-producing and refining facilities in certain areas of Bashkortostan significantly affects the environment including ambient air quality in residential areas. Materials and methods. We analyzed concentrations of airborne toxicants (sulfur and nitrogen oxides, nitrogen and carbon oxides, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, xylenes, toluene, phenol and total suspended particles) and population health status in the cities of Ufa, Sterlitamak, Salavat, Blagoveshchensk, and the Tuymazinsky District in 2007–2016. Pearson's correlation coefficients (r) were used to establish possible relationships between medico-demographic indicators and air pollution. Results. Republican fuel and energy enterprises contributed the most to local air pollution levels. Gross emissions from such enterprises as Bashneft-Ufaneftekhim and Bashneft-Navoil reached 43.69–49.77 thousand tons of pollutants per year. The levels of some air pollutants exceeded their maximum permissible concentrations. Elevated concentrations of ammonia, total suspended particles, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide were registered most frequently. High rates of congenital abnormalities, respiratory diseases in infants (aged 0-1), general mortality and morbidity of the population were observed in some oil-producing and refining areas. The correlation analysis proved the relationship between the concentration of carbon monoxide and general disease rates in adults based on hospital admissions (r = 0.898), general incidence rates in children (r = 0.957), and blood disease rates in infants (r = 0.821). Respiratory diseases in children correlated with nitrogen dioxide emission levels (r = 0.899). Conclusions. Further development of oil-producing, petrochemical and oil-refining industries should be carried out taking into account socio-economic living conditions of the population.

The effect of air pollution in the city of Krasnodar on health

2017 ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
S.P. Kukkoev ◽  
T.F. Nikishina ◽  
P.N. Nikolaevich
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
The City ◽  
Main Factor

The results of in-depth studies of the effect of air pollution in the city of Krasnodar on the health of the population, which showed that the main factor affecting the health of the population of Krasnodar, is air pollution.

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