scholarly journals Few-Shot Learning of New Sound Classes for Target Sound Extraction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Delcroix ◽  
Jorge Bennasar Vázquez ◽  
Tsubasa Ochiai ◽  
Keisuke Kinoshita ◽  
Shoko Araki
Keyword(s):  
Target Sound

scholarly journals Harmonic Cancellation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain de Cheveigné
Keyword(s):  
Auditory System ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Target Sound ◽  
Neural Representations ◽  
Behavioral Studies ◽  
System P ◽  
Harmonic Cancellation ◽  
The Time Domain

This paper reviews the hypothesis of {\em harmonic cancellation}\ according to which an interfering sound is suppressed or canceled on the basis of its harmonicity (or periodicity in the time domain). It defines the concept, discusses theoretical arguments in its favor, and reviews experimental results that support it, or not. If correct, the hypothesis likely draws on time domain processing of temporally-accurate neural representations within the brainstem, as required also by the classic Equalization-Cancellation (EC) model of binaural unmasking. It predicts that a target sound corrupted by interference will be easier to hear if the interference is harmonic than inharmonic, all else being equal. This prediction is borne out in a number of behavioral studies, but not all. The paper reviews those results, with the aim to understand the inconsistencies and come up with a reliable conclusion for, or against, the hypothesis of harmonic cancellation within the auditory system.

Intonational Structure Influences Perception of Contrastive Vowel Length: The Case of Phrase-Final Lengthening in Tokyo Japanese

2020 ◽  
pp. 002383092097184
Author(s):  
Jeremy Steffman ◽  
Hironori Katsuda
Keyword(s):  
Target Word ◽  
Speech Signal ◽  
Choice Task ◽  
Prosodic Structure ◽  
Vowel Duration ◽  
Vowel Length ◽  
Target Sound ◽  
Tokyo Japanese ◽  
Forced Choice Task ◽  
Prosodic Boundary

Recent research has proposed that listeners use prosodic information to guide their processing of phonemic contrasts. Given that prosodic organization of the speech signal systematically modulates durational patterns (e.g., accentual lengthening and phrase-final (PF) lengthening), listeners’ perception of durational contrasts has been argued to be influenced by prosodic factors. For example, given that sounds are generally lengthened preceding a prosodic boundary, listeners may adjust their perception of durational cues accordingly, effectively compensating for prosodically-driven temporal patterns. In the present study we present two experiments designed to test the importance of pitch-based cues to prosodic structure for listeners’ perception of contrastive vowel length (CVL) in Tokyo Japanese along these lines. We tested if, when a target sound is cued as being PF, listeners compensatorily adjust categorization of vowel duration, in accordance with PF lengthening. Both experiments were a two-alternative forced choice task in which listeners categorized a vowel duration continuum as a phonemically short or long vowel. We manipulated only pitch surrounding the target sound in a carrier phrase to cue it as intonational phrase final, or accentual phrase medial. In Experiment 1 we tested perception of an accented target word, and in Experiment 2 we tested perception of an unaccented target word. In both experiments, we found that contextual changes in pitch influenced listeners’ perception of CVL, in accordance with their function as signaling intonational structure. Results therefore suggest that listeners use tonal information to compute prosodic structure and bring this to bear on their perception of durational contrasts in speech.

Development of Sound Source Inquiry Equipment: The Sound-Visualizing Camera

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Wada ◽  
Akira Suzuki ◽  
Yasuo Sugimoto ◽  
Takeshi Sugiyama ◽  
Masanao Owaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Sound Source ◽  
Sound Level ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Sound Level Meter ◽  
Accurate Evaluation ◽  
Target Sound ◽  
Level Meter

Recently, the noise problems of electric power facilities such as noises of transformers, fans, or corona noises of insulators are increasing. When the noises exceed the regulation level on the boundary of site or cause bad influence on in-house workers, effective measures should be taken against noises to solve them. When considering the measures against noises, the sound source and loudness of the noises should be specified. But the accurate evaluation of the target sound by using sound level meter is difficult, because the sound which reaches the noise meter is the sound which contains unrelated sound except for the target. So authors have developed the sound-visualizing camera that can investigate the direction of sound with each frequency every 1Hz. In this paper, authors explain the principle and experimental results of the sound-visualizing camera and its application to various fields.

Describing developing phonological systems: A surrebuttal

1989 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith A. Gierut
Keyword(s):  
Sound System ◽  
Target Sound ◽  
Complementary Distribution ◽  
Relational Framework ◽  
Generative Analysis

ABSTRACTThis article refutes the reanalysis of a phonologically disordered child's use of fricatives as developed by Fey (1989) within a relational framework. Evidence in the form of nonsystematic correspondences between this child's substitution patterns and the target sound system is used to further establish the accuracy of the original independent generative analysis developed by Gierut (1986). This evidence supplements and supports the initial claims that this child exhibited a pattern of complementary distribution among the fricatives [f] and [s] and, moreover, the remediation program successfully induced a phonemic split.

Prologue: Recent Advances in Phonological Theory and Treatment

2002 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica A. Barlow
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Clinical Intervention ◽  
Phonological Representations ◽  
Sound System ◽  
Target Sound ◽  
Recent Advances

Each of the articles in this forum considers how phonology interacts with other aspects of language and language learning. The contributors show that this interaction plays a major role in a child’s learning of language, whether through typical routes, as evidenced by the normally developing child, or through clinical intervention. These interactions are apparent in both typical and atypical language learning, with the development of the lexicon being closely tied to the development of phonological representations (or URs). The correctness of these URs, as determined from morphophonemic alternations, plays a major role in accounting for children’s production patterns and determining what a child "knows" about the target sound system. Finally, the interaction between morphosyntax and phonology can be observed in language learning even when it occurs as a result of clinical intervention. It is hoped that this clinical forum will be informative and enlightening for researchers and clinical professionals.

Perceptual and Conceptual Priming of Environmental Sounds

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 3241-3253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annett Schirmer ◽  
Yong Hao Soh ◽  
Trevor B. Penney ◽  
Lonce Wyse
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Composition ◽  
Linguistic Context ◽  
Environmental Sounds ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Conceptual Priming ◽  
Target Sound ◽  
Conceptual Processing ◽  
Sonic Environment ◽  
Prime Target ◽  
Conceptual Relationship

It is still unknown whether sonic environments influence the processing of individual sounds in a similar way as discourse or sentence context influences the processing of individual words. One obstacle to answering this question has been the failure to dissociate perceptual (i.e., how similar are sonic environment and target sound?) and conceptual (i.e., how related are sonic environment and target?) priming effects. In this study, we dissociate these effects by creating prime–target pairs with a purely perceptual or both a perceptual and conceptual relationship. Perceptual prime–target pairs were derived from perceptual–conceptual pairs (i.e., meaningful environmental sounds) by shuffling the spectral composition of primes and targets so as to preserve their perceptual relationship while making them unrecognizable. Hearing both original and shuffled targets elicited a more positive N1/P2 complex in the ERP when targets were related to a preceding prime as compared with unrelated. Only related original targets reduced the N400 amplitude. Related shuffled targets tended to decrease the amplitude of a late temporo-parietal positivity. Taken together, these effects indicate that sonic environments influence first the perceptual and then the conceptual processing of individual sounds. Moreover, the influence on conceptual processing is comparable to the influence linguistic context has on the processing of individual words.

scholarly journals Abnormal cortical sensorimotor activity during “Target” sound detection in subjects with acute acoustic trauma sequelae: an fMRI study

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnès Job ◽  
Yoann Pons ◽  
Laurent Lamalle ◽  
Assia Jaillard ◽  
Karl Buck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Trauma ◽  
Target Sound ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Sensorimotor Activity ◽  
Sound Detection ◽  
Trauma Sequelae ◽  
Acute Acoustic Trauma
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