scholarly journals Developments of the Perception of Climate Change and Abnormal Weather in Postwar Japan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keegan Cothern ◽  
Junichi Hasegawa
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Ozone Depletion ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Climate Research ◽  
Postwar Japan ◽  
Global Cooling ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Abnormal Weather

Climate research has been presented as a largely Anglophone and European affair, while other regional contributions and concerns have been left largely unexamined. An investigation of the Japan Meteorological Agency’s ‘Abnormal Weather Reports’ and related literature instead reveals the concerns of an island nation anxious about immediate weather abnormalities, causes of climate variability, and predicting the consequences of global warming within a geographically vulnerable Japan. Researchers initially focused on the topic of global cooling in the 1970s, sparking fears about Japan’s self-sustainability in the event of a long-term decline in temperatures. By the 1980s, though cooling fears persisted, focus also turned to how El Niño cycles provoked climatic variability, even as initial concern with global warming resulting from human activities, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, and ozone depletion grew. Following the Kyoto Protocol’s recognition of anthropogenic climate change and creation of a global cooperative framework, research has begun to focus on the consequences of global warming in exacerbating Japan’s meteorological risks and on mitigating further anthropogenic temperature increases.

scholarly journals O Paradoxo das Mudanças Climáticas no Brasil: Aquecimento ou Resfriamento? (The Paradox of Climate Change in Brazil: Heating or Cooling?)

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 307
Author(s):  
Virginia Mirtes De Alcântara Silva ◽  
Maria da Conceição Marcelino Patrício ◽  
Raimundo Mainar de Medeiros ◽  
Alexandra Lima Tavares
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Human Interference ◽  
Key Words Climate Change ◽  
Global Cooling

Este trabalho inicia-se em um breve relato sobre as mais diversas opiniões acerca das mudanças climáticas, enfocando os conceitos de diversos pesquisadores acerca da temática, tão controversa nos meios científicos quanto a nível internacional. Várias opiniões divergem sobre o que realmente originam as mudanças climáticas, a primeira seria que as mudanças climáticas decorrem de ações antropogênicas, provindos do uso de combustíveis fósseis e o crescimento da agricultura alterando na atmosfera um aumento de CO2, que conseqüentemente induziriam a elevação da temperatura, ou seja, ao aquecimento global, entretanto, existem argumentos que se contrapõem ao aquecimento global de longo prazo e defendem um resfriamento global gradativo, baseando-se que o clima sofre influência de forças como o sol e os seus ciclos e os oceanos que cobrem 71% da superfície e que são os grandes reservatórios de calor, e que as mudanças climáticas são de ordem natural, pois a interferência humana é insignificante e apenas traz mudanças a nível local. Essas divergências científicas necessitam de comprovações, pois precisamos entender as conseqüências reais desse processo. Se realmente estamos caminhando para um aquecimento ou resfriamento e se as mudanças climáticas são de ordem natural ou antropogênicas.Palavras- chave: Mudanças climáticas, Aquecimento global, Resfriamento global, Divergências científicas.  The paradox of Climate Change in Brazil: Heating or Cooling?  ABSTRACTThis work begins in a brief report on the diverse views on climate change, focusing on the concepts of various researchers on the theme, so controversial in scientific circles as internationally. Various opinions differ on what really causes climate change, the first climate change that would result from anthropogenic activities, stemming from the use of fossil fuels growth in agriculture and the changing atmosphere in a CO2 increase, which consequently leads to a rise in temperature, or global warming, however, there are arguments to oppose the long-term global warming and advocate a gradual global cooling, based on the climate is influenced by forces like the sun and its cycles and the oceans that cover 71 % of the surface and are the great reservoirs of heat, and that climate change is a natural one, because human interference is negligible and only brings changes at the local. These differences need scientific proof, because we need to understand the real consequences of this process. If we are really heading for a heating or cooling and climate change are of a natural or anthropogenic. Key words: Climate change, Global warming, Global cooling, Scientific differences.

scholarly journals Testing Farmers’ Perception of Climate Variability: A Case Study from Kirtipur of Kathmandu Valley

2012 ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
Jiban Mani Poudel
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Climatic Fluctuations ◽  
Climate Fluctuations ◽  
Global And Local

In the 21st century, global climate change has become a public and political discourse. However, there is still a wide gap between global and local perspectives. The global perspective focuses on climate fluctuations that affect the larger region; and their analysis is based on long-term records over centuries and millennium. By comparison, local peoples’ perspectives vary locally, and local analyses are limited to a few days, years, decades and generations only. This paper examines how farmers in Kirtipur of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, understand climate variability in their surroundings. The researcher has used a cognized model to understand farmers’ perception on weather fluctuations and climate change. The researcher has documented several eyewitness accounts of farmers about weather fluctuations which they have been observing in a lifetime. The researcher has also used rainfall data from 1970-2009 to test the accuracy of perceptions. Unlike meteorological analyses, farmers recall and their understanding of climatic variability by weather-crop interaction, and events associating with climatic fluctuations and perceptions are shaped by both physical visibility and cultural frame or belief system.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v11i1.7200 Hydro Nepal Special Issue: Conference Proceedings 2012 pp.30-34

scholarly journals Sediment Mining

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Homayoun Fathollahzadeh ◽  
Fabio Kaczala ◽  
Amit Bhatnagar ◽  
William Hogland
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Contaminated Sediments ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Metals Recovery ◽  
Environmental Footprints ◽  
Valuable Metals ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Near Future

The main dilemma of contaminated sediments has been the proper management with reduced environmental footprints. Furthermore, by considering the fact that global warming and climate change may complicate the choice of management options, finding appropriate solutions become extremely critical. In the present work, mining of contaminated sediments to recover valuable constituents such as metals and nutrients is proposed as sustainable strategy, both through enhancing resilience of ecosystem and remediation. Contaminated sediments in the Oskarshamn harbor, southeast of Sweden were collected and analyzed through a modified sequential extraction in order to evaluate the feasibility of metals recovery. The results have shown that among different metals present in the sediments, Cu and Pb can be initially considered as economically feasible to recover. The shifting in the concept of dredging and further remediation of contaminated sediments towards sediment mining and recover of valuable metals can be considered in the near future as a sustainable strategy to tackle contaminated harbor/ports areas. However, it must be highlighted that short and long-term environmental impacts related to such activities should be addressed.

scholarly journals Subcritical and Supercritical Operation of Innovative Thermal Mechanical Refrigeration System

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Sleiti ◽  
Wahib Al-Ammari ◽  
Mohammed Al-Khawaja ◽  
Maxim Glushenkov ◽  
Alexander Kronberg
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Ozone Depletion ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Refrigeration System ◽  
Heat System ◽  
Global Warming Potentials ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Around 17% of the globally generated energy is consumed for residential, commercial, and transportation refrigeration. The current cooling technologies utilize refrigerants with high Ozone Depletion and Global Warming Potentials. Furthermore, the current technologies are expensive alongside with toxicity and flammability hazards. On the other side, energy produced by combustion of fossil fuels results in substantial amounts of waste heat. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new refrigeration technologies that utilize waste heat as a source of energy with ecofriendly refrigerants with zero ozone depletion potential and zero global warming potential. In addition, this thermal mechanical refrigeration (TMR) technology improves the energy efficiency of the source of waste heat system and minimizes the emissions of the carbon dioxide (CO2). In this study, a novel thermo-mechanical refrigeration system is proposed. It operates with low-grade energy sources (such as waste heat) at temperature range of 60 oC to 100 oC. Furthermore, it has the advantage of working with low-frequency driver-compressor unit, which eliminates noise and increases its lifetime. Moreover, the TMR system is adaptable to commercial, transportation, and residential refrigeration applications.

7. Volcanoes, climate, and the biosphere

2020 ◽  
pp. 100-112
Author(s):  
Michael J. Branney ◽  
Jan Zalasiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Global Cooling ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Local Weather

‘Volcanoes, climate, and the biosphere’ explores how volcanism has perturbed both climate and the complement of living organisms on Earth, both locally and globally. Volcanic outbursts, depending on their nature and scale, may cause global warming or global cooling. In the historical record, even geologically modest eruptions have had dramatic repercussions. Volcanoes can affect local weather. It is possible that climate change can, in turn, affect volcanism.

scholarly journals Assessment of impact of climate change on water resources: a long term analysis of the Great Lakes of North America

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. McBean ◽  
H. Motiee
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
North America ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Great Lakes Basin ◽  
Historical Trends ◽  
Global Circulation Models ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. In the threshold of the appearance of global warming from theory to reality, extensive research has focused on predicting the impact of potential climate change on water resources using results from Global Circulation Models (GCMs). This research carries this further by statistical analyses of long term meteorological and hydrological data. Seventy years of historical trends in precipitation, temperature, and streamflows in the Great Lakes of North America are developed using long term regression analyses and Mann-Kendall statistics. The results generated by the two statistical procedures are in agreement and demonstrate that many of these variables are experiencing statistically significant increases over a seven-decade period. The trend lines of streamflows in the three rivers of St. Clair, Niagara and St. Lawrence, and precipitation levels over four of the five Great Lakes, show statistically significant increases in flows and precipitation. Further, precipitation rates as predicted using fitted regression lines are compared with scenarios from GCMs and demonstrate similar forecast predictions for Lake Superior. Trend projections from historical data are higher than GCM predictions for Lakes Michigan/Huron. Significant variability in predictions, as developed from alternative GCMs, is noted. Given the general agreement as derived from very different procedures, predictions extrapolated from historical trends and from GCMs, there is evidence that hydrologic changes particularly for the precipitation in the Great Lakes Basin may be demonstrating influences arising from global warming and climate change.

scholarly journals Can ozone depletion and global warming interact to produce rapid climate change?

2000 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 1412-1417 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Hartmann ◽  
J. M. Wallace ◽  
V. Limpasuvan ◽  
D. W. J. Thompson ◽  
J. R. Holton
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Ozone Depletion ◽  
Rapid Climate Change

Systematic scenario process to support analysis of long-term emissions scenarios and transformation pathways for the IPCC WG3 6th Assessment Report

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward A. Byers ◽  
Keywan Riahi ◽  
Elmar Kriegler ◽  
Volker Krey ◽  
Roberto Schaeffer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Integrated Assessment ◽  
Assessment Report ◽  
Systematic Assessment ◽  
Climate Assessment ◽  
Transformation Pathways ◽  
Emissions Scenarios

<p>The assessment of long-term greenhouse gas emissions scenarios and societal transformation pathways is a key component of the IPCC Working Group 3 (WG3) on the Mitigation of Climate Change. A large scientific community, typically using integrated assessment models and econometric frameworks, supports this assessment in understanding both near-term actions and long-term policy responses and goals related to mitigating global warming. WG3 must systematically assess hundreds of scenarios from the literature to gain an in-depth understanding of long-term emissions pathways, across all sectors, leading to various levels of global warming. Systematic assessment and understanding the climate outcomes of each emissions scenario, requires coordinated processes which have developed over consecutive IPCC assessments. Here, we give an overview of the processes involved in the systematic assessment of long-term mitigation pathways as used in recent IPCC Assessments<sup>1</sup> and being further developed for the IPCC 6<sup>th</sup> Assessment Report (AR6). The presentation will explain how modelling teams can submit scenarios to AR6 and invite feedback to the process.</p><p>Following discussions amongst IPCC Lead Authors to define the scope of scenarios desired and variables requested, a call for scenarios to support AR6 was launched in September 2019. Modelling teams have registered and submitted scenarios through Autumn 2019 using a new and secure online submission portal, from which authorised Lead Authors can interrogate the scenarios interactively.</p><p>This analysis is underpinned by the open-source software pyam, a Python package specifically designed for analysis and visualisation of integrated assessment scenarios<sup>2</sup>. Submitted scenarios are automatically checked for errors and processed using a new climate assessment pipeline. The climate assessment involves infilling and harmonization<sup>3</sup> of emissions data, then the scenarios are processed through Simple Climate Models, using the OpenSCM framework<sup>4</sup>, to give probabilistic climate implications for each scenario – atmospheric concentrations, radiative forcing and global mean temperature. The climate assessment accounts for updated climate sensitivity estimates from CMIP6 and WG1,s scenarios are categorized according to climate outcomes and distinguish between timing and levels of net-negative emissions, emissions peak and temperature overshoot. Scenarios are also categorized by other indicators, for consistent use across WG3 chapters, such as: population and GDP; Primary and Final energy use; and shares of renewables, bioenergy and fossil fuels.</p><p>The automated framework also facilitates bolt-on analyses, such as estimating the population impacted by biophysical climate impacts<sup>5</sup>, and estimates of avoided damages with the social cost of carbon<sup>6</sup>.</p><p>Upon publication of the WG3 AR6 report, all scenario data used in the WG3 Assessment will be publicly available on a Scenario Explorer, an online tool for interrogating and visualizing the data that supports the report. In combination, this framework brings new levels of consistency, transparency and reproducibility to the assessment of scenarios in IPCC WG3 and will be a key resource for the climate community in understanding the main drivers of different transformation pathways.</p><ol><li>Huppmman et al 2018, Nature Climate Change</li> <li>Gidden and Huppmann, 2019, Journal of Open Source Software</li> <li>Gidden et al 2018 Environ. Model. Softw</li> <li>Nicholls et al 2020</li> <li>Byers et al 2018 Environmental Research Letters</li> <li>Ricke et al 2018 Nature Climate Change</li> </ol>

scholarly journals Climate Change and Building Energy Consumption: A Review of the Impact of Weather Parameters Influenced by Climate Change on Household Heating and Cooling Demands of Buildings

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Hassan Bazazzadeh ◽  
Adam Nadolny ◽  
Seyedeh Sara Hashemi Safaei
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Building Sector ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Urban Energy ◽  
The Impact

The growth of urban population as the result of economic and industrial development has changed our place of living from a prosperous place to where the resources are carelessly consumed. On the other hand, long-term climate change, i.e. global warming, has had adverse impact on our resources. Certain resources are on the verge of depletion as the consequence of climate change and inconsiderate consumption of resources, unless serious measures are implemented immediately. The building sector, whose share in the municipal energy consumption is considerably high, is a key player that may successfully solve the problem. This paper aims to study the effects of climate change on the energy consumption of buildings and analyze its magnitude to increase the awareness of how construction can reduce the overall global energy consumption. A descriptive-analytical method has been applied to analyze valid models of energy consumption according to different scenarios and to interpret the conditions underlying current and future energy consumption of buildings. The results clearly show that the energy consumption in the building sector increasingly depends on the cooling demand. With that being said, we can expect the reduction of overall energy consumption of buildings in regions with high heating demands, whereas rising the energy consumption in buildings is expected in regions with high cooling demand. To conclude, the long-term climate change (e.g. global warming) underlies the increased energy consumption for the cooling demand whose share in total energy consumption of buildings much outweighs the heating demand. Therefore, to conserve our resources, urban energy planning and management should focus on working up a proper framework of guidelines on how to mitigate the cooling loads in the energy consumption patterns of buildings.

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