scholarly journals Upregulation of COX-2 and PGE2 Induced by TNF-α Mediated Through TNFR1/MitoROS/PKCα/P38 MAPK, JNK1/2/FoxO1 Cascade in Human Cardiac Fibroblasts

2021 ◽  
Vol Volume 14 ◽  
pp. 2807-2824
Author(s):  
Chuen-Mao Yang ◽  
Chien-Chung Yang ◽  
Li-Der Hsiao ◽  
Chia-Ying Yu ◽  
Hui-Ching Tseng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
P38 Mapk ◽  
Cardiac Fibroblasts ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Human Cardiac Fibroblasts

scholarly journals Bakuchiol Suppresses Inflammatory Responses Via the Downregulation of the p38 MAPK/ERK Signaling Pathway

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 3574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hye-Sun Lim ◽  
Yu Jin Kim ◽  
Bu-Yeo Kim ◽  
Soo-Jin Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
P38 Mapk ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Cox 2

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of bakuchiol on the inflammatory response and to identify the molecular mechanism of the inflammatory effects in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV-2 mouse microglial cell line and mice model. The production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), TNF-α, and IL-6 was measured using reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction analysis. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation was determined by western blot analysis. In vitro experiments, bakuchiol significantly suppressed the production of PGE2 and IL-6 in LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells, without causing cytotoxicity. In parallel, bakuchiol significantly inhibited the LPS-stimulated expression of iNOS, COX-2, and IL-6 in BV-2 cells. However, bakuchiol had no effect on the LPS-stimulated production and mRNA expression of TNF-α or on LPS-stimulated c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase phosphorylation. In contrast, p38 MAPK and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation were inhibited by bakuchiol. In vivo experiments, Bakuchiol reduced microglial activation in the hippocampus and cortex tissue of LPS-injected mice. Bakuchiol significantly suppressed LPS-injected production of TNF-α and IL-6 in serum. These results indicate that the anti-neuroinflammatory effects of bakuchiol in activated microglia are mainly regulated by the inhibition of the p38 MAPK and ERK pathways. We suggest that bakuchiol may be beneficial for various neuroinflammatory diseases.

scholarly journals Protective Effect of (+)-Catechin Against Lipopolysaccharide Induced Inflammatory Response in RAW 264.7 Cells through Downregulation of NF-κB and p38 MAPK

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Sunil ◽  
vasudevan Sunitha ◽  
Prasanthkumar Santhakumaran ◽  
Mohind C. Mohan ◽  
Midhun Sebastian Jose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
P38 Mapk ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Plant Foods ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Cox 2

Abstract Catechin, a flavonol belonging to the flavonoid group of polyphenols is present in many plant foods. The present study was done to evaluate the effect of catechin on various inflammatory mediators using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The effect of catechin on total cyclooxygenase (COX) activity, 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), myeloperoxidase, nitrite and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) level, secretion of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were assessed in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. The expression of COX-2, iNOS, TNF-α, nuclear factor-ĸB (NF-κB) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) genes were also investigated. The effect was further analyzed using human PBMCs by assessing the level of TNF-α and IL-10. The study demonstrated that the inflammatory mediators such as COX, 5-LOX, nitrite, iNOS, and TNF-α were significantly inhibited by catechin in a dose-dependent manner whereas IL-10 production was up-regulated in RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, catechin down-regulated the mRNA level expression of COX-2, iNOS, TNF-α, NF-κB and p38 MAPK. The current study ratifies the beneficial effect of catechin as a dietary component in plant foods to provide protection against inflammatory diseases.

scholarly journals Cytokine-Mediated Alterations of Human Cardiac Fibroblast’s Secretome

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 12262
Author(s):  
Hanna Bräuninger ◽  
Tilo Thottakara ◽  
Jacob Schön ◽  
Svenja Voss ◽  
Vishnu Dhople ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Fibroblasts ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Secreted Proteins ◽  
Cytokine Gene Expression ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Collagen Secretion ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Extracellular Stimuli ◽  
Human Cardiac Fibroblasts

Fibroblasts contribute to approximately 20% of the non-cardiomyocytic cells in the heart. They play important roles in the myocardial adaption to stretch, inflammation, and other pathophysiological conditions. Fibroblasts are a major source of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins whose production is regulated by cytokines, such as TNF-α or TGF-β. The resulting myocardial fibrosis is a hallmark of pathological remodeling in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Therefore, in the present study, the secretome and corresponding transcriptome of human cardiac fibroblasts from patients with DCM was investigated under normal conditions and after TNF-α or TGF-β stimulation. Secreted proteins were quantified via mass spectrometry and expression of genes coding for secreted proteins was analyzed via Affymetrix Transcriptome Profiling. Thus, we provide comprehensive proteome and transcriptome data on the human cardiac fibroblast’s secretome. In the secretome of quiescent fibroblasts, 58% of the protein amount belonged to the ECM fraction. Interestingly, cytokines were responsible for 5% of the total protein amount in the secretome and up to 10% in the corresponding transcriptome. Furthermore, cytokine gene expression and secretion were upregulated upon TNF-α stimulation, while collagen secretion levels were elevated after TGF-β treatment. These results suggest that myocardial fibroblasts contribute to pro-fibrotic and to inflammatory processes in response to extracellular stimuli.

scholarly journals NADPH Oxidase/ROS-Dependent VCAM-1 Induction on TNF-α-Challenged Human Cardiac Fibroblasts Enhances Monocyte Adhesion

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Chung Lin ◽  
Chien-Chung Yang ◽  
Chen-Yu Wang ◽  
Hui-Ching Tseng ◽  
Chih-Shuo Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nadph Oxidase ◽  
Cardiac Fibroblasts ◽  
Monocyte Adhesion ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Human Cardiac Fibroblasts

scholarly journals Induction of HO-1 by 5, 8-Dihydroxy-4 ′ ,7-Dimethoxyflavone via Activation of ROS/p38 MAPK/Nrf2 Attenuates Thrombin-Induced Connective Tissue Growth Factor Expression in Human Cardiac Fibroblasts

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Chien-Chung Yang ◽  
Li-Der Hsiao ◽  
Hsin-Hui Lin ◽  
Hui-Ching Tseng ◽  
Jiro Hasegawa Situmorang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
P38 Mapk ◽  
Connective Tissue Growth Factor ◽  
Cardiac Fibroblasts ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Factor Expression ◽  
Ros Scavenger ◽  
Growth Factor Expression ◽  
Human Cardiac Fibroblasts

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has been shown to exert as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory enzyme in cardiovascular inflammatory diseases. Flavonoids have been demonstrated to display anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects through the induction of HO-1. 5,8-Dihydroxy-4 ′ ,7-dimethoxyflavone (DDF), one of the flavonoid compounds, is isolated from Reevesia formosana. Whether DDF induced HO-1 expression on human cardiac fibroblasts (HCFs) remained unknown. Here, we found that DDF time- and concentration-dependently induced HO-1 protein and mRNA expression, which was attenuated by pretreatment with reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) in HCFs. DDF-enhanced ROS generation was attenuated by NAC, but not by either diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI, Nox inhibitor) or MitoTempol (mitochondrial ROS scavenger). Interestingly, pretreatment with glutathione (GSH) inhibited DDF-induced HO-1 expression. The ratio of GSH/GSSG was time-dependently decreased in DDF-treated HCFs. DDF-induced HO-1 expression was attenuated by an inhibitor of p38 MAPK (p38i VIII) or siRNA, but not by MEK1/2 (PD98059) or JNK1/2 (SP600125). DDF-stimulated p38 MAPK phosphorylation was inhibited by GSH or p38i VIII. Moreover, DDF-induced HO-1 expression was mediated through Nrf2 phosphorylation and translocation into the nucleus which was attenuated by NAC or p38 siRNA. DDF also stimulated antioxidant response element (ARE) promoter activity which was inhibited by NAC, GSH, or p38i VIII. Interaction between Nrf2 and the ARE-binding sites on the HO-1 promoter was revealed by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, which was attenuated by NAC, GSH, or p38i VIII. We further evaluated the functional effect of HO-1 expression on the thrombin-induced fibrotic responses. Our result indicated that the induction of HO-1 by DDF can attenuate the thrombin-induced connective tissue growth factor expression. These results suggested that DDF-induced HO-1 expression is, at least, mediated through the activation of the ROS-dependent p38 MAPK/Nrf2 signaling pathway in HCFs. Thus, the upregulation of HO-1 by DDF could be a candidate for the treatment of heart fibrosis.

scholarly journals p38 MAPK alpha mediates cytokine-induced IL-6 and MMP-3 expression in human cardiac fibroblasts

2013 ◽  
Vol 430 (1) ◽  
pp. 419-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
John K. Sinfield ◽  
Anupam Das ◽  
David J. O’Regan ◽  
Stephen G. Ball ◽  
Karen E. Porter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
P38 Mapk ◽  
Cardiac Fibroblasts ◽  
Human Cardiac Fibroblasts

IL-17 stimulates MMP-1 expression in primary human cardiac fibroblasts via p38 MAPK- and ERK1/2-dependent C/EBP-β, NF-κB, and AP-1 activation

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (6) ◽  
pp. H3356-H3365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dolores M. Cortez ◽  
Marc D. Feldman ◽  
Srinivas Mummidi ◽  
Anthony J. Valente ◽  
Bjorn Steffensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
P38 Mapk ◽  
Western Blotting ◽  
Cardiac Fibroblasts ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Dominant Negative ◽  
Expression Vectors ◽  
Type I ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Human Cardiac Fibroblasts

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) degrade collagen and mediate tissue remodeling. The novel cytokine IL-17 is expressed during various inflammatory conditions and modulates MMP expression. We investigated the effect of IL-17 on MMP-1 expression in primary human cardiac fibroblasts (HCF) and delineated the signaling pathways involved. HCF were treated with recombinant human IL-17. MMP-1 expression was analyzed by Northern blotting, RT-quantitative PCR, Western blotting, and ELISA; transcriptional induction and transcription factor binding by EMSA, ELISA, and reporter assay; and p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 activation by protein kinase assays and Western blotting. Signal transduction pathways were investigated using pharmacological inhibitors, small interfering RNA (siRNA), and adenoviral dominant-negative expression vectors. IL-17 stimulated MMP-1 gene transcription, net mRNA levels, protein, and promoter-reporter activity in HCF. This response was blocked by IL-17 receptor-Fc chimera and IL-17 receptor antibodies, but not by IL-6, TNF-α, or IL-1β antibodies. IL-17-stimulated type I collagenase activity was inhibited by the MMP inhibitor GM-6001 and by siRNA-mediated MMP-1 knockdown. IL-17 stimulated activator protein-1 [AP-1 (c-Fos, c-Jun, and Fra-1)], NF-κB (p50 and p65), and CCAAT enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP)-β DNA binding and reporter gene activities, effects attenuated by antisense oligonucleotides, siRNA-mediated knockdown, or expression of dominant-negative signaling proteins. Inhibition of AP-1, NF-κB, or C/EBP activation attenuated IL-17-stimulated MMP-1 expression. IL-17 induced p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 activation, and inhibition by SB-203580 and PD-98059 blunted IL-17-mediated transcription factor activation and MMP-1 expression. Our data indicate that IL-17 induces MMP-1 in human cardiac fibroblasts directly via p38 MAPK- and ERK-dependent AP-1, NF-κB, and C/EBP-β activation and suggest that IL-17 may play a critical role in myocardial remodeling.

Differential effects of NF-κB and p38 MAPK inhibitors and combinations thereof on TNF-α- and IL-1β-induced proinflammatory status of endothelial cells in vitro

2005 ◽  
Vol 289 (5) ◽  
pp. C1229-C1239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna M. Kułdo ◽  
Johanna Westra ◽  
Sigridur A. Ásgeirsdóttir ◽  
Robbert J. Kok ◽  
Koen Oosterhuis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
P38 Mapk ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Dominant Negative ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Induced Expression ◽  
Inflammatory Genes ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Cox 2

Endothelial cells actively participate in inflammatory events by regulating leukocyte recruitment via the expression of inflammatory genes such as E-selectin, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, IL-6, IL-8, and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. In this study we showed by real-time RT-PCR that activation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) by TNF-α and IL-1β differentially affected the expression of these inflammatory genes. Combined treatment with TNF-α and IL-1β resulted in nonadditive, additive, and even synergistic induction of expression of VCAM-1, IL-8, and IL-6, respectively. Overexpression of dominant-negative inhibitor κB protein blocking NF-κB signaling confirmed a major role of this pathway in controlling both TNF-α- and IL-1β-induced expression of most of the genes studied. Although dexamethasone exerted limited effects at 1 μM, the thioredoxin inhibitor MOL-294, which regulates the redox state of NF-κB, mainly inhibited adhesion molecule expression. Its most pronounced effect was seen on VCAM-1 mRNA levels, especially in IL-1β-activated endothelium. One micromolar RWJ-67657, an inhibitor of p38 MAPK activity, diminished TNF-α- and IL-1β-induced expression of IL-6, IL-8, and E-selectin but had little effect on VCAM-1 and ICAM-1. Combined treatment of HUVEC with MOL-294 and RWJ-67657 resulted in significant blocking of the expression of E-selectin, IL-6, IL-8, and COX-2. The inhibitory effects were much stronger than those observed with single drug treatment. Application of combinations of drugs that affect multiple targets in activated endothelial cells may therefore be considered as a potential new therapeutic strategy to inhibit inflammatory disease activity.

Sorghum Fermented by Aspergillus oryzae NK Enhances Inhibition of Vascular Inflammation in TNF-α-stimulated Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 88 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 309-318
Author(s):  
Hae Seong Song ◽  
Jung-Eun Kwon ◽  
Hyun Jin Baek ◽  
Chang Won Kim ◽  
Hyelin Jeon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Vascular Inflammation ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Aortic Smooth Muscle ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Cox 2

Abstract. Sorghum bicolor L. Moench is widely grown all over the world for food and feed. The effects of sorghum extracts on general inflammation have been previously studied, but its anti-vascular inflammatory effects are unknown. Therefore, this study investigated the anti-vascular inflammation effects of sorghum extract (SBE) and fermented extract of sorghum (fSBE) on human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs). After the cytotoxicity test of the sorghum extract, a series of experiments were conducted. The inhibition effects of SBE and fSBE on the inflammatory response and adhesion molecule expression were measured using treatment with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), a crucial promoter for the development of atherosclerotic lesions, on HASMCs. After TNF-α (10 ng/mL) treatment for 2 h, then SBE and fSBE (100 and 200 μg/mL) were applied for 12h. Western blotting analysis showed that the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) (2.4-fold) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) (6.7-fold) decreased, and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) (3.5-fold) increased compared to the TNF-α control when treated with 200 μg/mL fSBE (P<0.05). In addition, the fSBE significantly increased the expression of HO-1 and significantly decreased the expression of VCAM-1 and COX-2 compared to the TNF-α control in mRNA level (P<0.05). These reasons of results might be due to the increased concentrations of procyanidin B1 (about 6-fold) and C1 (about 30-fold) produced through fermentation with Aspergillus oryzae NK for 48 h, at 37 °C. Overall, the results demonstrated that fSBE enhanced the inhibition of the inflammatory response and adherent molecule expression in HASMCs.

Down regulation of COX-2, IL-1β, TNF-α in cynoviocyte by essential oil of Fraxinus excelsior

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (03) ◽  
pp. 20192-20203
Author(s):  
Dr Maghsoudi, Hossein ◽  
Samaneh Haj-allahyari
Keyword(s):  
Liver Toxicity ◽  
Rna Extraction ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Fraxinus Excelsior ◽  
Peptic Ulcers ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Bovine Articular Cartilage ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Cox 2

Osteoarthritis (arthritis) is biomechanical, biochemical and cellular phenomenon, and is not known as a degenerative disease. Arthritis is one of the common chronic diseases and the most important reason of physical disability in the world. According to its side effect such as peptic ulcers, gastrointestinal bleeding, liver toxicity and renal complications dueofprescribing current treatment contain corticosteroid and non-steroidal, we decided to evaluate possible effect of anti-inflammatory Esential oil of Fraxinus excelsior (EOFE) on biomarkers involved in disease. EOFE were prepared of genetic resources center. Bovine  articular cartilage derived from the metacarpophalangeal joints of 14–18-month-old animals (without any sign of inflammation and bleeding) sent to laboratory in sterile bags at 4ºC. Cells were cultured in appropriate condition and counted by hemocytometer, viability assessed by trypan blue. After LPS treatment, cytokine levels were assayed. Cells cultures again and were kept in 37C, 90% humidity in CO2 incubator and after RNA extraction, RT-PCR and PCR done. Also by Real-time PCR, gene expression was evaluated. E.E.F.E level cause down regulation of COX-2, IL-1β, TNF-α in LPS-stimulated cells.

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