scholarly journals From the history of Russian phonetics: Theory and practice in acoustic and perceptual research of the Department of Phonetics, Leningrad University (1950–70s)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 761-780
Author(s):  
Natalia D. Svetozarova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Fundamental Importance ◽  
History Of ◽  
Theoretical Issues ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Phonological System ◽  
Experimental Phonetics

The article dedicated to the memory of Ludmila Verbitskaya is concerned with the role of acoustic and perceptual research in the development of Lev Shcherba’s phonological theory. Of fundamental importance for this were the studies of the Laboratory of Experimental Phonetics of Leningrad University, conducted in the 1950–1970s, in which fundamental theoretical issues were inseparable from the problems of application. It is at this period that Verbitskaya’s early works were created, largely responsible for her reputation of an outstanding linguist. In 1965, she defended her Ph.D. dissertation Russian Speech Units vis-à-vis Аllophones and Phonemes (Lev Zinder, advisor), based on an extensive experimental study. Among other things, she challenged the dogma of the traditional phonological theory that speakers perceive only distinctive phonemic oppositions, by demonstrating the ability of the speakers of Russian to distinguish a greater variety of vowels than was normally supposed. It should be noted, however, that in Verbitskaya’s experiment, of all the allophones involved, the informants discerned only those responsible for providing the hardness-softness consonantal opposition. In this case, the informants not only perceived the differences, but were able to interpret them in accordance with the phonological system of the Russian language.

scholarly journals Еміль Балецький - дослідник закарпатських українських говорів (другий етап наукової діяльності) До 100-річчя від дня народження

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-26
Author(s):  
ЄЛИЗАВЕТА БАРАНЬ
Keyword(s):  
Assistant Professor ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
State University ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Slavonic Language ◽  
History Of ◽  
University Of Budapest ◽  
The University ◽  
The Russian Language

Emil Baleczky (his pseudonyms: E. Latorchanin, O. Vyshchak, and his cryptonym: E. A.) is one of the most prominent personalities in the history of Ukrainian studies in Hungary in the twentieth century. His main scientific interests include Transcarpathian dialectology and historical lexicology of the Ukrainian language. The second stage of the scientist's professional carrier is connected with the University of Budapest, where in 1951, Emil Baleczky was appointed head of the Department of the Russian Language at the Institute of Foreign Languages, and at the same time assistant professor of the Russian Institute at the University. Among the scientific interests of Emil Baleczky was the investigation of lexical units commonly used in Transcarpathia, first of all, in terms of their etymology. Among the achievements of the researcher, special attention must be paid to Emil Baleczky's attempt to determine the origin of some borrowed words, including those originally Slavic, which are common in the Carpathian Ukrainian dialects. Emil Baleczky performed a deep etymological and lingual-geographical analysis of the word урик, урюк, орек in the Ukrainian language, that of the word дюг widespread in Precarpathian Ukrainian, Polish, and Slovakian dialects, and also that of the noun kert in Transcarpathian Ukrainian dialects. The author devoted a separate paper to the study of the origin of dialecticisms like фотляк, csulka ~ csurka, бôшн’ак, булґар’, валах, ґириґ, тôўт, and циганин, investigated the etymology of the terms of national dishes widespread in Carpathian Ukrainian dialects, in particular of the token бáник. He considered the role of the Old Church Slavonic language in the history of the Carpathian Ukrainian dialects. According to his contemporaries, it is known that Emil Baleczky did not maintain official connections with the Soviet Transcarpathians but was surprisingly well-informed about the scientific processes in his native land. He analyzed the works contained in the two editions of the Dialectological Collection of Uzhgorod State University. In addition to examining the issues raised, Baleczky complemented, specified, and sometimes criticized the achievements of his colleagues, which indicates his deep knowledge of Transcarpathian Ukrainian dialectology. Thus, we can state that Emil Baleczky's works testify the high professionalism of the author, his profound knowledge in the field of synchronic and diachronic dialectology. The love of Transcarpathian dialects inspired the researcher to study them thoroughly as well as to present the research results to the general public of Slavists. The main area of Emil Baleczky's scientific interest until the end of his life was Ukrainian linguistics, particularly Transcarpathian Ukrainian dialectology. The aim of this paper is to present the Emil Baleczky's achievements in the field of Transcarpathian Ukrainian dialectology, focusing on the period from 1957 to 1979.

scholarly journals Andrey Aleksandrovich Grigoryev (1883–1968) — prominent geomorphologist and organizer of geomorphology in the USSR in 1920–1930s

2019 ◽  
pp. 102-112
Author(s):  
V. P. Chichagov
Keyword(s):  
Physical Geography ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Regional Geography ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Vegetation Zones ◽  
History Of ◽  
Heat And Moisture ◽  
Theoretical Issues

Academician A. A. Grigoriev was the acknowledged creator of the theory of physical-geographical process, of the role of the ratio of heat and moisture in the formation of vegetation zones of the Earth, many theoretical issues of physical geography, etc. At the beginning of his scientific activity, A. A. Grigoriev was a talented geomorphologist. His scientific interests were unusually broad, he developed the theory and practice of physical geography, regional geography, paleogeography, economic geography, climatology and geomorphology, history of science. He was a talented geomorphologist and prominent organizer of geomorphological science in our country in the first half of the 20th century.

scholarly journals “The Father of Deism”: problems of research of the philosophy of Herbert of Cherbury

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-24
Author(s):  
Andrey Andreevich Polyakov
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Religious Philosophy ◽  
Critical Response ◽  
Hugo Grotius ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Language

This article provides a brief history of publications of the treatise of Herbert of Cherbury (1583-1648) “On Truth” (written in 1624); critical response of his contemporaries; as well as comparative analysis of the “symbols of faith” of the English thinker, his contemporary Hugo Grotius (1583-1645), Henry Bolingbroke (1678-1751), Thomas Chubb (1679-1747), and the author of the “Bible of Deism” – “Christianity as Old as the Creation” Matthew Tindal (1657-1733). One may often come across a well-established in the research opinion about the role of Herbert as the “father of Deism”. However, in recent years, this topic remains undisclosed, bringing obscurity whether Herbert of Cherbury should be considered the founder of deistic philosophy. The article also conducts detailed analysis of the criticism of the religious philosophy of deism of the English thinker, and reveals which elements of this doctrine caused a controversial response among his contemporaries. The goal of this work lies in highlighting the most substantial part of the heritage of Herbert of Cherbury, which was subsequently reflected in the religious philosophy of the adherents of deism. The article is of particularly relevance for the Russian audience, as this topic was not sufficiently covered in the Russian language.

scholarly journals A Multitude of Languages - and One Country: Building up Communication among the Peoples of Russia through Translation

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 332-346
Author(s):  
Irina S. Alexeeva
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Cultural Mediator ◽  
Ethnic Language ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Unified Method ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Unified Method

The article gives a survey of the problematics, historic and cultural practice of maintaining and developing the ethnic languages of Russia through translation; it retrospectively describes the history of polycultural co-existence (including the unified method of presentation for childrens folk lore in S. Marshaks version) and outlines the ways of dealing with todays urgent problems of preserving ethnic language. The article describes the models of reconstructing the lost texts and the strategies of translating the texts of small ethnic groups, as well as the models of maintaining the quality of translation from Russias ethnic languages into Russian. We especially stress the importance of the Russian language in its role of the cultural mediator. The article pays due attention to the need to develop specific practiceoriented theories of translation which would embrace the global experience in translatology and take into account the specificity of ethno-centric mentality and the ways to keep it in translation. The article is an introduction to the following materials in the volume.

scholarly journals Kazakhstan's soft power: present policy and opportunities

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
Saken YESSIRKEP
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Power Theory ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Language

The article analyzes the role of soft power theory in world politics, the history of its application in the system of international relations, the features of the use of soft power tools by major actors and the current state of soft power theory. The author also spoke about the potential tools of Kazakhstan's soft power policy and the mechanisms for its use. Comparative analysis, summary analysis methods were used in writing the article. Scientific works and articles on the theory of soft power are analyzed. The results of the study suggest ways to achieve success through the use of the Latin alphabet, other ethnic groups immigrated from Kazakhstan, the Kazakh diaspora abroad, tourism, the Russian language.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Language Proficiency in the Republics of Siberia

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-130
Author(s):  
Mariya A. Abramova ◽  
Galina S. Goncharova ◽  
Vsevolod G. Kostyuk
Keyword(s):  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Ethnic Communities ◽  
Interethnic Relations ◽  
Common Trend ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sociological Studies ◽  
The Russian Language

On the basis of data from the all-Russian censuses of 1989-2010, as well as the results of specific sociological studies, the analysis of the dynamics of language proficiency by various ethnic groups in the national republics of Siberia is performed. The analysis of the data revealed a tendency to integrate ethnic communities into the all-Russian linguistic and cultural space based on the strengthening of the role of the Russian language as a factor of consolidation and harmonization of interethnic relations. Despite the differences in the patterns of language policy in the republics of Altai, Khakassia, Tyva, Sakha (Yakutia), as well as different proportions in the ethnic composition of the Russian and of the titular ethnic groupsthe studyrevealed a common trend of increasing the share of population choosing the Russian language as native. HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY

scholarly journals European experience and foreign professorship at the stage of establishing Moscow University

2021 ◽  
Vol 103 ◽  
pp. 01030
Author(s):  
Alexey A. Romanov ◽  
Oleg Y. Yakhshiyan ◽  
Nikolay A. Omelchenko
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Role ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Administrative Positions ◽  
European Universities ◽  
European Experience ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Russian Language

The article reviews the history of establishing Moscow University and the first decade of its performance in the context of considering the European experience and the role of visiting foreign professors. Attention is drawn to the use of the experience of European universities in the projected management system of Moscow University and ensuring its autonomy by M.V. Lomonosov. The authors show the role of the I.I. Shuvalov, the favorite of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna, in implementation of the project of Moscow University, and analyze the developed hierarchy of the university’s governing bodies, the structure of administrative positions, and the system of privileges granted by the government. The dominant role of visiting professors in establishing and functioning of the university’s faculties is revealed in detail, as well as the conditions created for their work in Moscow, and the personal role of each of the invited professors in the educational process during the first years of Moscow University. The authors reveal the conflicts between Russian and foreign professors and show their inevitability at the stage of establishing Moscow University, drawing attention to the transition of the educational process to the Russian language as the teaching language during the first years of the reign of Catherine the Great, Empress of Russia.

scholarly journals Linguocultural features of teaching the russian language as non-native

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 147-151
Author(s):  
N. Tairova ◽  
N. Almatova
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Communicative Competence ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Language Of Instruction ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cultural Linguistics ◽  
The Russian Language

This article examines the history of the formation of the concept of "cultural linguistics". Through the analysis of the works of scientists, the dependence of the influence of language on the formation and preservation of the culture of the people is revealed, and the reverse process is shown - the acquisition of language skills by studying the cultural characteristics of native speakers. The article reveals the important role of culturology, cultural linguistics in the system of teaching the Russian language to both its speakers and bilinguals (using the example of groups with the Kazakh language of instruction), as well as foreigners. Using the Russian language as an example, the author analyzes the possibility of using this relationship in teaching methods to increase the effectiveness of learning Russian as a native and non-native language, as well as the successful formation of students' communicative competence. The general features and differences in teaching methods of native speakers of the Russian language, foreigners and those who study the language as a second non-native are given.

A BRIEF ANALYSIS OF TIME-PREPOSITIONS IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (28) ◽  
pp. 187-195
Author(s):  
Yabing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Foreign Students ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Organic Structure ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
True Meaning ◽  
Oral Speech ◽  
The Russian Language

This article is devoted to the problem of using Russian time-prepositions by foreigners, especially by the Chinese. An analysis of modern literature allows the author to identify the main areas of the work aimed at foreign students’ development of the skills and abilities to correctly build the prepositional combinations and continuously improve the communication skills by means of the Russian language. In this paper, the time-prepositions in the Russian language have been analyzed in detail; some examples of polysemantic use of prepositions, their semantic and stylistic shades alongside with possible errors made by foreign students are presented. The results of the study are to help in developing a system of teaching Russian time-prepositions to a foreign language audience, taking into account their native language, on the basis of the systemic and functional, communicative and activity-centred basis. The role of Russian time-prepositions in constructing word combinations has been identified; the need for foreign students’ close attention to this secondary part of speech has been specified. It has been stated that prepositions are the most dynamic and open type of secondary language units within the quantitative and qualitative composition of which regular changes take place. The research substantiates the need that students should be aware of the function of time-preposition in speech; they are to get acquainted with the main time-prepositions and their meanings, to distinguish prepositions and other homonymous parts of speech as well as to learn stylistic shades of time-prepositions. Some recommendations related to the means of mastering time-prepositions have been given: to target speakers to assimilate modern literary norms and, therefore, to teach them how to choose and use them correctly by means of linguistic keys that are intended to fill the word with true meaning, to give it an organic structure, an inherent form and an easy combinability in the texts and oral speech.

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