scholarly journals An Interpolation Family in the Poetics

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-190
Author(s):  
Michael M. Pozdnev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Suitable Candidate ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Common

The ms. tradition of the Poetics is a mine, quite unexpectedly, when it comes to composition on literary matters: four independent witnesses — Parisinus 1741 (A), Riccardianus 46 (B), and mediaeval translations into Latin by William of Moerbecke and Arabic by Abū-Bishr Mattā made with the help of a Syriac interlinear (not to mention the recentiores which still could prove of some stemmatic value, as for instance Par. gr. 2038, Vat. gr. 1400, Berol. Philipp. and Mon. 493) — allow in most cases for a safe reconstruction of an archetype. Common errors suggest that this text differed from the autograph in some twenty passages, largely interpolations, ranging from a couple of words to a number of phrases. Several intrusions prove to be typologically close. All of them correct what was deemed to be inaccurate or loose argumentation by inserting syntactic complements or references adding cohesion. As a result, both the style and context go largely neglected. The first paragraphs of ch. 6, central to the Poetics, suffered most. This text also came down to us in a Syriac translation having a heavily glossed uncial ms. as its source. Insertions in ch. 6 cause ‘harmonising’ additions to the following text of the treatise. The ‘family of interpolations’ under discussion is tentatively attributed to a professor of Aristotelianism of late antiquity (the most suitable candidate seems to be Themistius): a school-room copy diffused by his pupils became the common ancestor of both the extant Greek mss. of the Poetics and the reconstructed Greek sources of the mediaeval translations. A fresh collation of the Syriac text together with the evidence of variae lectiones in the oldest independent Greek mss. offer a glimpse into the workings of his mind.

Floral organogenesis in Dysosma versipellis (Berberidaceae) and its systematic implications

Botany ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 359-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Zhao ◽  
Julien B. Bachelier ◽  
Xiao-hui Zhang ◽  
Yi Ren
Keyword(s):  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Floral Organogenesis ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Sister Clade ◽  
Dysosma Versipellis ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Common ◽  
Flower Ontogeny ◽  
Developmental Features

The Berberidaceae and the six other families of Ranunculales form a sister clade to all other eudicots, and are crucial to reconstructing the common ancestor of flowering plants. Previous studies have suggested that the petals of most Berberidaceae are derived from stamens, and some are thought to develop petals from common petal/stamen primordia. However, the flower ontogeny is still poorly known in the family and the presence of common primordia needs to be re-evaluated from a comparative developmental perspective. Here, we used scanning electron microscopy to study the floral development of the endemic Chinese species Dysosma versipellis (Hance) M. Cheng ex Ying, which was originally placed in Podophyllum. Our results show that the floral organs are all free and the sepals, petals, and stamens are initiated centripetally in successive and alternate trimerous pairs of whorls around a single carpel. The nectarless petals are initiated separately and do not develop from common primordia with the stamens. Floral and developmental features of D. versipellis are similar to those of most members of Berberidaceae. The regular development of multiple flowers and absence of a secondary increase in the number of stamens in Dysosma support its exclusion from Podophyllum, and this is also inferred by the DNA sequence data.

Contributions to the taxonomy of the Normanellidae (Copepoda, Harpacticoida): description of a new genus from the Brazilian continental shelf and re-assignment of Pseudocletodes vararensis Scott & Scott, 1893 (ex Nannopodidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2233 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
TERUE CRISTINA KIHARA ◽  
RONY HUYS
Keyword(s):  
Continental Shelf ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Common ◽  
Caudal Rami

A new genus and species of Normanellidae (Copepoda, Harpacticoida), Paranaiara inajae gen. et sp. nov., is described from the continental shelf off the northern coast of São Paulo State, Brazil. The new genus differs from the type genus Normanella Brady, 1880 and Sagamiella Lee & Huys, 1999 in its presence of lamelliform caudal rami, a maxillulary endopod represented by 2 setae, an unarmed maxillipedal syncoxa, and reduced setation on P2 enp-2 (without outer spine) and P3 enp-2 (with only 2 inner setae). All these apomorphic character states are shared with the genus Pseudocletodes Scott & Scott, 1893, formerly placed in the family Nannopodidae (ex Huntemanniidae) and here assigned to the Normanellidae. Pseudocletodes can be differentiated from Paranaiara by the loss of the P1 endopod and of the inner seta on P2–P4 enp-1, the presence of only 2 inner setae on P2 enp-2 (instead of 3) and only 1 inner seta on P4 exp-3 (instead of 2), the presence of a second inner seta on P4 enp-2 (instead of 1), the morphology of the fifth pair of legs which are not medially fused and have only 3 endopodal elements (instead of 4) in the male, and the well developed caudal ramus seta V (instead of rudimentary). It is postulated that prehensility of the P1 endopod was secondarily lost in the common ancestor of Paranaiara and Pseudocletodes. An updated family diagnosis of the Normanellidae and a dichotomous identification key to the 22 currently valid species are presented.

A Possible Pedigree of Long Barrows and Chambered Cairns

1935 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 108-114
Author(s):  
W. J. Hemp
Keyword(s):  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Single Line ◽  
Family Tree ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Common ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Burial Cave

The case here presented is in a sense ‘special pleading’ and does not profess to give a complete explanation of the very complicated plans provided by the few long barrows and chambered cairns which have been excavated with any degree of care and completeness.It may, in fact, be likened to an attempt to prove a single line of descent in a complicated pedigree; but, in my opinion the line is the principal one leading up to the common ancestor of a vast family of cousins of different degree.One difficulty is the selection of a starting point in the family tree (to continue the metaphor); Mr O. G. S. Crawford would take the pedigree back to the house, a thesis it is much to be hoped that he will develop. I would, however, enter the caveat that in the particular case he cites the possibility of a reversal of the process of development should be considered. In a paper read to the Society of Antiquaries Mr Stuart Piggott suggested that an elongated chamber found by Mortimer under a round barrow at Kemp Howe was a house converted into a tomb. I would rather believe it to have been constructed for a burial chamber, and claim it as another link in the line of evolution from burial cave to barrow which I am trying to establish.

scholarly journals Historical biogeography of early diverging termite lineages (Isoptera: Teletisoptera)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menglin Wang ◽  
Simon Hellemans ◽  
Jan Šobotník ◽  
Jigyasa Arora ◽  
Aleš Buček ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Continental Drift ◽  
Historical Biogeography ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
Land Bridge ◽  
Most Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Common ◽  
Warm Temperate

AbstractTermites are social cockroaches distributed throughout warm temperate and tropical ecosystems. The ancestor of modern termites (crown-Isoptera) occurred during the earliest Cretaceous, approximately 140 million years ago, suggesting that both vicariance through continental drift and overseas dispersal may have shaped the distribution of early diverging termite lineages. We reconstruct the historical biogeography of three early diverging termite families – Stolotermitidae, Hodotermitidae, and Archotermopsidae – using the nuclear rRNA genes and mitochondrial genomes of 27 samples. Our analyses confirmed the monophyly of Stolotermitidae + Hodotermitidae + Archotermopsidae (clade Teletisoptera), with Stolotermitidae diverging from a monophyletic Hodotermitidae + Archotermopsidae approximately 100.3 Ma (94.3–110.4 Ma, 95% HPD), and with Archotermopsidae paraphyletic to a monophyletic Hodotermitidae. The Oriental Archotermopsis and the Nearctic Zootermopsis diverged 50.8 Ma (40.7–61.4 Ma, 95% HPD) before land connections between the Palearctic region and North America ceased to exist. The African Hodotermes + Microhodotermes diverged from Anacanthotermes, a genus found in Africa and Asia, 32.1 Ma (24.8–39.9 Ma, 95% HPD), and the most recent common ancestor of Anacanthotermes lived 10.7 Ma (7.3–14.3 Ma, 95% HPD), suggesting that Anacanthotermes dispersed to Asia using the land bridge connecting Africa and Eurasia ∼18–20 Ma. In contrast, the common ancestors of modern Porotermes and Stolotermes lived 20.2 Ma (15.7–25.1 Ma, 95% HPD) and 26.6 Ma (18.3–35.6 Ma, 95% HPD), respectively, indicating that the presence of these genera in South America, Africa, and Australia involved over-water dispersals. Our results suggest that early diverging termite lineages acquired their current distribution through a combination of over-water dispersals and dispersal via land bridges. We clarify the classification by resolving the paraphyly of Archotermopsidae, restricting the family to Archotermopsis and Zootermopsis, and elevating Hodotermopsinae (Hodotermopsis) as Hodotermopsidae (status novum).

scholarly journals Evolution, Diversification, and Biogeography of Grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hojun Song ◽  
Ricardo Mariño-Pérez ◽  
Derek A Woller ◽  
Maria Marta Cigliano
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Mitochondrial Genomes ◽  
Behavioral Diversity ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Common ◽  
Biogeographical Analysis ◽  
Forest Habitats

Abstract The grasshopper family Acrididae is one of the most diverse lineages within Orthoptera, including more than 6,700 valid species distributed worldwide. Grasshoppers are dominant herbivores, which have diversified into grassland, desert, semi-aquatic, alpine, and tropical forest habitats, and exhibit a wide array of morphological, ecological, and behavioral diversity. Nevertheless, the phylogeny of Acrididae as a whole has never been proposed. In this study, we present the first comprehensive phylogeny of Acrididae based on mitochondrial genomes and nuclear genes to test monophyly of the family and different subfamilies as well as to understand the evolutionary relationships among them. We recovered the monophyletic Acrididae and identified four major clades as well as several well-characterized subfamilies, but we also found that paraphyly is rampant across many subfamilies, highlighting the need for a taxonomic revision of the family. We found that Acrididae originated in the Paleocene of the Cenozoic period (59.3 million years ago) and, because the separation of South America and Africa predates the origin of the family, we hypothesize that the current cosmopolitan distribution of Acrididae was largely achieved by dispersal. We also inferred that the common ancestor of modern grasshoppers originated in South America, contrary to a popular belief that they originated in Africa, based on a biogeographical analysis. We estimate that there have been a number of colonization and recolonization events between the New World and the Old World throughout the diversification of Acrididae, and, thus, the current diversity in any given region is a reflection of this complex history.

Male lizards change their genital skin almost every day: squamate pan-epidermal synchrony refuted

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 512-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herman AJ in den Bosch
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Family ◽  
Lacertid Lizards ◽  
Paired Male ◽  
The Common

Lacertid lizards frequently shed the outer layers of the epidermis of the paired male intromittent organs, the hemipenes. The hemipenial sloughs so formed are saclike and reproduce all the external features of the hemipenes in great detail. Sloughs are deposited immediately after the first defecation of the day and are produced almost every morning during the breeding season. I have observed these in 48 lacertid species, including members of the genera Acanthodactylus, Adolfus, Algyroides, Gallotia, Holaspis, Lacerta s.l., Latastia, Podarcis, Psammodromus, and Takydromus. As these forms represent all three subfamilies of the Lacertidae, the phenomenon is likely to have been present in the common ancestor of the family. It may even be a general squamate feature, as it has also been observed in the distantly related varanid Varanus acanthurus. Frequent shedding of hemipenial sloughs violates pan-epidermal synchrony, the belief that the epidermis of squamates is shed simultaneously over all parts of the body, and indicates that the hemipenial epidermis is under different hormonal control from the rest of the skin. The function of frequent shedding of the hemipenial epidermis is not known for certain, but there is a wide range of possible hypotheses. Some of these are involved in increasing the efficiency of copulation and ameliorating its costs, while others emphasise the possible signalling function of the hemipenial sloughs.

Larvae of the blow fly Caiusa testacea (Diptera: Calliphoridae) as egg predators of Polypedates cruciger Blyth, 1852 (Amphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 17374-17379
Author(s):  
W.G.D. Chathuranga ◽  
K. Kariyawasam ◽  
Anslem De Silva ◽  
W.A.Priyanka P. De Silva
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Tree Frog ◽  
Blow Fly ◽  
Breeding Habitats ◽  
The Family ◽  
Water Container ◽  
The Common ◽  
Natural Breeding ◽  
The Impact

We investigated the impact of dipteran predators on eggs in foam nests of the Common Hour-glass Tree Frog Polypedates cruciger Blyth, 1852 (Anura: Rhacophoridae) in central Sri Lanka.  Foam nests (n=24) of P. cruciger were examined at their natural breeding habitats and infected (n=8) and uninfected spawns (n=16) were identified.  Emerging tadpoles were collected in a water container hung under each spawn and the average number of tadpoles (N) hatched from infected spawns (N=0) was compared with that of uninfected spawns (N=354 ± 67).  Three severely infected spawns were brought to the laboratory and the fly larvae were reared until they metamorphosed to adults.  Morphological and molecular identification of the flies confirmed them as belonging to Caiusa testacea Senior-White, 1923 of the family Calliphoridae.  The infected spawns were completely destroyed and an estimated average of 400 P. cruciger eggs per spawn were lost.  The results revealed a high impact of Caiusa testacea on egg and embryo mortality of P. cruciger.

Pensare Dio. Spunti di riflessione in dialogo con Anca Vasiliu

Elenchos ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-194
Author(s):  
Angela Longo
Keyword(s):  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Common Thread ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Relevant Topic ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Trinity

AbstractThe following work features elements to ponder and an in-depth explanation taken on the Anca Vasiliu’s study about the possibilities and ways of thinking of God by a rational entity, such as the human being. This is an ever relevant topic that, however, takes place in relation to Platonic authors and texts, especially in Late Antiquity. The common thread is that the human being is a God’s creature who resembles him and who is image of. Nevertheless, this also applies within the Christian Trinity according to which, not without problems, the Son is the image of the Father. Lastly, also the relationship of the Spirit with the Father and the Son, always within the Trinity, can be considered as a relationship of similarity, but again not without critical issues between the similarity of attributes, on the one hand, and the identity of nature, on the other.

The Possible Common Origin of tRNA and 5S rRNA

1983 ◽  
Vol 38 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 501-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mária Ujhelyi
Keyword(s):  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Common Origin ◽  
5S Rrna ◽  
Mitochondrial Trna ◽  
Trna Molecule ◽  
The Common

Seryl tRNA (anticodon GCU) from mammalian mito­chondria shows in comparison to other mitochondrial tRNAs additional special features differing from the generalized tRNA model. When arranged in the tradi­tional cloverleaf form, eight bases fall within the TΨC loop, and the entire dihydrouridine loop is lacking. This seryl tRNA molecule is therefore shorter than other tRNAs. It was originally thought to represent a mito­chondrial analogon of 5 S rRNA and its precise classifica­tion is still disputed. The present studies suggest that this mitochondrial tRNA represents a fossil molecule which is related to the common ancestor of the present tRNA and 5 S rRNA molecules.

scholarly journals Hyperbolastic Models from a Stochastic Differential Equation Point of View

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (16) ◽  
pp. 1835
Author(s):  
Antonio Barrera ◽  
Patricia Román-Román ◽  
Francisco Torres-Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equation ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Numerical Resolution ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Common ◽  
Linear Differential ◽  
Mean Function

A joint and unified vision of stochastic diffusion models associated with the family of hyperbolastic curves is presented. The motivation behind this approach stems from the fact that all hyperbolastic curves verify a linear differential equation of the Malthusian type. By virtue of this, and by adding a multiplicative noise to said ordinary differential equation, a diffusion process may be associated with each curve whose mean function is said curve. The inference in the resulting processes is presented jointly, as well as the strategies developed to obtain the initial solutions necessary for the numerical resolution of the system of equations resulting from the application of the maximum likelihood method. The common perspective presented is especially useful for the implementation of the necessary procedures for fitting the models to real data. Some examples based on simulated data support the suitability of the development described in the present paper.

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