scholarly journals Measuring the water balance in stormwater control measures

2021 ◽  
pp. 105-134
Author(s):  
Tim D. Fletcher ◽  
Jean-Luc Bertrand-Krajewski ◽  
Jérémie Bonneau ◽  
Matthew J. Burns ◽  
Peter J. Poelsma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Rain Gardens ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
Routine Monitoring ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Stormwater Control Measures ◽  
Stormwater Control ◽  
Receiving Environments

Abstract Stormwater control measures (SCMs), also frequently referred to as sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS), are of growing importance in cities, as part of a global move towards mitigating the impacts of stormwater on receiving environments. They need to be monitored as parts of UDSM systems but require specific and sometimes innovative methods and sensors. This is particularly the case for SCMs such as swales, rain-gardens, bioretention filters, infiltration trenches, green roofs, etc., which have complex and varied configurations and hydrologic behaviour. This chapter deals with measuring the water balance in SCMs by accounting for its various components: inflows, outflows, overflows, storage, infiltration, exfiltration, intrusion, evaporation, and evapotranspiration. It presents a range of suitable methods and tools, indicates key points to consider, and discusses possible difficulties in obtaining accurate monitoring data. Routine monitoring of decentralized and diversified SCMs is still an emerging field for both researchers and practitioners. A significant evolution is therefore expected with its generalization in the next years.

scholarly journals Quantifying Thermal Characteristics of Stormwater through Low Impact Development Systems

Hydrology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlene LeBleu ◽  
Mark Dougherty ◽  
Keith Rahn ◽  
Amy Wright ◽  
Ryan Bowen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Stormwater Runoff ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Heat Removal ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Rain Gardens ◽  
Stormwater Control Measures ◽  
Stormwater Control

Urbanization causes alteration of the thermal regime (surface, air, and water) of the environment. Heated stormwater runoff flows into lakes, streams, bays, and estuaries, which potentially increases the base temperature of the surface water. The amount of heat transferred, and the degree of thermal pollution is of great importance to the ecological integrity of receiving waters. This research reports on a controlled laboratory scale test to assess low impact development (LID) stormwater control measure impacts on the thermal characteristics of stormwater runoff. We hypothesize that LID stormwater control measures (SCMs) such as pervious surfaces and rain gardens/bioretention can be used to mitigate the ground level thermal loads from stormwater runoff. Laboratory methods in this study captured and infiltrated simulated stormwater runoff from four infrared heated substrate microcosms (pervious concrete, impervious concrete, permeable concrete pavers, and turf grass), and routed the stormwater through rain garden microcosms. A data logging system with thermistors located on, within, and at exits of the microcosms, recorded resulting stormwater temperature flux. Researchers compared steady state temperatures of the laboratory to previously collected field data and achieved between 30% to 60% higher steady state surface temperatures with indoor than outdoor test sites. This research helps establish baseline data to study heat removal effectiveness of pervious materials when used alone or in combination as a treatment train with other stormwater control measures such as rain gardens/bioretention.

scholarly journals The Challenge of Maintaining Stormwater Control Measures: A Synthesis of Recent Research and Practitioner Experience

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Erickson ◽  
Vinicius Taguchi ◽  
John Gulliver
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Research ◽  
Phosphorus Release ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Vegetation Coverage ◽  
Regional Characteristics ◽  
Permeable Pavements ◽  
The World ◽  
Inspection And Maintenance ◽  
Stormwater Control Measures ◽  
Stormwater Control

The methods for properly executing inspection and maintenance of stormwater control measures are often ambiguous and inconsistently applied. This paper presents specific guidelines for inspecting and maintaining stormwater practices involving media filtration, infiltration, ponds, and permeable pavements because these tend to be widely implemented and often unsatisfactorily maintained. Guidelines and examples are based on recent scientific research and practitioner experience. Of special note are new assessment and maintenance methods, such as testing enhanced filtration media that targets dissolved constituents, maintaining proper vegetation coverage in infiltration practices, assessing phosphorus release from pond sediments, and the development of compressed impermeable regions in permeable pavements and their implications for runoff. Inspection and maintenance examples provided in this paper are drawn from practical examples in Northern Midwest USA, but most of the maintenance recommendations do not depend on regional characteristics, and guidance from around the world has been reviewed and cited herein.

scholarly journals The Effect of Particle Size Distribution on the Design of Urban Stormwater Control Measures

Water ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willliam Selbig ◽  
Michael Fienen ◽  
Judy Horwatich ◽  
Roger Bannerman
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Urban Stormwater ◽  
Effect Of Particle Size ◽  
Stormwater Control Measures ◽  
Stormwater Control

Potential Carbon Sequestration of Roadside Vegetated Stormwater Control Measures (SCMs)

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie R Bouchard ◽  
William F Hunt ◽  
Trisha L Moore ◽  
Ryan J Winston
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Stormwater Control Measures ◽  
Stormwater Control ◽  
Potential Carbon

Microplastics retained in stormwater control measures: Where do they come from and where do they go?

2021 ◽  
pp. 118008
Author(s):  
Vera S. Koutnik ◽  
Jamie Leonard ◽  
Joel B. Glasman ◽  
Jaslyn Brar ◽  
Hatice Ceylan Koydemir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Measures ◽  
Stormwater Control Measures ◽  
Stormwater Control

Thermal Effects of Stormwater Control Measures on a Receiving Headwater Stream

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 06020002
Author(s):  
R. M. Martin ◽  
S. Carvajal Sanchez ◽  
A. L. Welker ◽  
J. Komlos
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Effects ◽  
Headwater Stream ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Stormwater Control Measures ◽  
Stormwater Control

scholarly journals Effects of Urban Stormwater Control Measures on Denitrification in Receiving Streams

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Rivers ◽  
Sara McMillan ◽  
Colin Bell ◽  
Sandra Clinton
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Function ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Benthic Habitat ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Impervious Area ◽  
Denitrification Activity ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Stormwater Control Measures ◽  
Stormwater Control

Urban areas are increasingly adopting the use of ecologically-based technologies for stormwater management to mitigate the effects of impervious surface runoff on receiving water bodies. While stormwater control measures (SCMs) reduce runoff, their ability to influence ecosystem function in receiving streams is not well known. To understand the effect of SCMs on net ecosystem function in stream networks, we measured sediment denitrification in four streams across a gradient of urban and suburban residential development in Charlotte, NC. We evaluated the influence of SCM inputs on actual (DNF) and potential (DEA) denitrification activity in stream sediments at the SCM-stream confluence to quantify microbial processes and the environmental factors that control them. DNF was variable across sites, ranging from 0–6.60 mg-N·m−2·h−1 and highly correlated with in-stream nitrate (NO3-N) concentrations. Sites with a greater impervious area showed a pattern of significantly higher DEA rates upstream of the SCM compared to downstream, while sites with less imperviousness showed the opposite trend. We hypothesize that this is because of elevated concentrations of carbon and nitrogen provided by pond and wetland outflows, and stabilization of the benthic habitat by lower peak discharge. These results suggest that SCMs integrated into the watershed have the potential to create cascading positive effects on in-stream nutrient processing and thereby improve water quality; however, at higher levels of imperviousness, the capacity for SCMs to match the scale of the impacts of urbanization likely diminishes.

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