scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 emergency on residential water end-use consumption measured with a high-resolution IoT system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Di Mauro ◽  
G. F. Santonastaso ◽  
S. Venticinque ◽  
A. Di Nardo
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Temporal Frequency ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Smart Water ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
Before And After ◽  
End Use ◽  
Residential Water

Abstract In the era of Smart Cities, in which the paradigms of smart water and smart grid are keywords of technological progress, advancements in metering systems allow for water consumption data collection at the end-use level, which is necessary to profile users' behaviors and to promote sustainable use of water resources. In this paper, a real case study of residential water end-use consumption monitoring shows how data collected at a high-resolution rate allow for the evaluation of consumption profiles. The analysis was carried out by calculating consumption statistics, hourly consumption patterns, daily use frequency, and weekly use frequency. Then, the comparison of two consumption profiles, computed before and after the COVID-19 lockdown, allows us to understand how a change in social and economic factors can affect users' behavior. Finally, new perspectives for water demand modeling and management, based on data with high temporal frequency, are presented.

scholarly journals Extracting household water use event characteristics from rudimentary data

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina Elizabeth Meyer ◽  
Heinz Erasmus Jacobs ◽  
Adeshola Ilemobade
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
High Resolution Data ◽  
High Resource ◽  
Smart Water ◽  
Household Water ◽  
End Use ◽  
End Uses

Abstract Household water end-uses have been extracted from high-resolution smart water meter data in various earlier studies. However, research on end-use disaggregation from rudimentary data is limited. Rudimentary data is defined as data recorded in intervals longer than 1 min, or data recorded with resolutions larger than 0.1 L/pulse. Developing countries typically deal with rudimentary data, due to the high cost and high resource investment associated with high-resolution data. The aim of this study was to extract useful event characteristics from rudimentary data, without identifying the actual end-uses per se. A case study was conducted in the City of Johannesburg, South Africa, where 63 homes were equipped with iPERL smart water meters. The meters recorded flow measurements every 15 s at a 1 L/pulse resolution, rendering the recorded data rudimentary. A total of 1,107,547 event pulses were extracted over the 217-day study period. Although the method presented is limited in the sense that water use events cannot be identified, the method allows for disaggregation of event pulses in the presence of rudimentary data. Using this tool, it is possible to lift valuable information from rudimentary data that would subsequently benefit service providers in setting water demand strategies.

scholarly journals Development of an IoT System for the Generation of a Database of Residential Water End-Use Consumption Time Series

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Di Mauro ◽  
Armando Di Nardo ◽  
Giovanni Francesco Santonastaso ◽  
Salvatore Venticinque
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Pilot Site ◽  
High Resolution Data ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
End Use ◽  
Preliminary Consideration ◽  
Use Categories ◽  
Residential Water ◽  
Resolution Data

Disaggregation techniques are useful to separate data aggregated into single end-use categories, and they are becoming of great interest in the water sector due to the technological innovation in metering systems that has made water consumption data available. However, in order to apply disaggregation methods, high-resolution data at the end-use level are needed. To face this problem, the paper presents an Internet of Things water end-use monitoring system that is able to read real-time end-use consumption in a residential apartment equipped as a pilot site. Moreover, the paper describes preliminary consideration of the dataset and the potentiality of end-use consumption measures to apply disaggregation techniques and profile users’ behaviors.

scholarly journals Smart Water Management towards Future Water Sustainable Networks

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Ramos ◽  
Aonghus McNabola ◽  
P. López-Jiménez ◽  
Modesto Pérez-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Model Case ◽  
Smart Water

Water management towards smart cities is an issue increasingly appreciated under financial and environmental sustainability focus in any water sector. The main objective of this research is to disclose the technological breakthroughs associated with water and energy use. A methodology is proposed and applied in a case study to analyze the benefits to develop smart water grids, showing the advantages offered by the development of control measures. The case study showed the positive results, particularly savings of 57 GWh and 100 Mm3 in a period of twelve years when different measures from the common ones were developed for the monitoring and control of water losses in smart water management. These savings contributed to reducing the CO2 emissions to 47,385 t CO2-eq. Finally, in order to evaluate the financial effort and savings obtained in this reference systems (RS) network, the investment required in the monitoring and water losses control in a correlation model case (CMC) was estimated, and, as a consequence, the losses level presented a significant reduction towards sustainable values in the next nine years. Since the pressure control is one of the main issues for the reduction of leakage, an estimation of energy production for Portugal is also presented.

Advancing the cyberinfrastructure for smart water metering: A new open source water end use disaggregation algorithm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nour Attallah ◽  
Jeffery Horsburgh ◽  
Camilo Bastidas Pacheco
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Data Repository ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Smart Water ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
End Use ◽  
Water Metering

<p>Water end use disaggregation aims to separate household water consumption data collected from a single residential water meter into appliance/fixture-level consumption data. In recent years, the field has rapidly expanded as the value of disaggregated data has been shown for understanding water use behavior, identifying anomalies, and identifying opportunities for conserving water. Several methods have been developed for disaggregating water end uses from high temporal resolution water use data collected using residential smart water meters. However, most existing methods have been incorporated into proprietary software tools and have been tested using datasets that are inaccessible due to privacy issues, with the result being that neither the code nor the data from these studies are available for verification or potential reuse. We describe and demonstrate a new, open source, and reproducible water end use disaggregation and classification tool that builds upon the results of existing smart water metering and end use disaggregation studies. The tool was designed and developed in Python and can be accessed via any current Python programming environment. It was tested on anonymized, high temporal resolution datasets collected from 31 residential dwellings located in the Cities of Logan and Providence, Utah, USA for a period of one month. Results from different meter types and sizes were tested to demonstrate the accuracy and reproducibility of the tool in disaggregating and classifying high temporal resolution data into individual water end use events. Execution of the tool requires approximately one minute for processing one-day of data collected at a four second time interval for one dwelling. The disaggregation tool is open source and can be adapted to specific research needs. The anonymized dataset we used to develop and test the tool is openly available in the HydroShare data repository.</p>

The Influence of Attitudes, Subjective, Norms, and Behavior Controls on Intention to Choose Islamic Banks With Islamic Religiosity as a Moderating Variable (Case Study at Bri Syariah Purwokerto Customers)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhmad Khoyrun Najakh ◽  
Dwiwiyati Astogini ◽  
Sri Martini
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Subjective Norm ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Control Behavior ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Number Of Customers

The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of attitudes on the intention to choose Islamic banks, to analyze the effect of subjective norm on the intention to choose Islamic banks. to analyze the effect of the control behavior of the intention to choose the Islamic banks, to analyze the moderating influence of religiosity on the relationship attitudes, subjective norms and behavioral control of the intention to choose the Islamic banks . The method used is a survey with a sampling technique used purposive sampling with a sample size of this study was 100 respondents . Further analysis tools used in this study is multiple regression analysis using SPSS 16.0 software . Based on this study it can be concluded that the attitude does not affect to the intention of choose Bank BRISyariah. Subjective norm positive effect on intention choose Bank BRISyariah. Control behavior does not affect to the intention choose Bank BRISyariah. Relationship between Attitudes, Subjective Norms and Behavior Control with the intention to select Bank BRISyariah not moderated by religiosity.Based on these conclusions can be said that the Bank BRISyariah should improve understanding related to the subjective norm in order to increase the number of customers who use the services of Islamic Banking . Further research is recommended in order to follow up and develop this research to further explore the independent and dependent variables continued before and after behavioral intention or intention to perform a specific action .

SenCity – Evaluating Users’ Experiences of Intelligent Lighting for Well-Being in Smart Cities

2018 ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
Henrika Pihlajaniemi ◽  
Anna Luusua ◽  
Eveliina Juntunen
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
Data Analyses ◽  
Sense Of Security ◽  
System Data

This paper presents the evaluation of usersХ experiences in three intelligent lighting pilots in Finland. Two of the case studies are related to the use of intelligent lighting in different kinds of traffic areas, having emphasis on aspects of visibility, traffic and movement safety, and sense of security. The last case study presents a more complex view to the experience of intelligent lighting in smart city contexts. The evaluation methods, tailored to each pilot context, include questionnaires, an urban dashboard, in-situ interviews and observations, evaluation probes, and system data analyses. The applicability of the selected and tested methods is discussed reflecting the process and achieved results.

Impact of merger on efficiency and productivity : a case study of commercial banks in Malaysia

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Mahadzir Ismail ◽  
Saliza Sulaiman ◽  
Hasni Abdul Rahim ◽  
Nordiana Nordin
Keyword(s):  
Efficiency Score ◽  
Malmquist Productivity Index ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Master Plan ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Domestic Banks ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Efficiency And Productivity

The Financial Master Plan (2001- 2010) aims to enhance the capacity of banking industry so that higher effic iency and productivity can be reaped in the future. This study seeks to determine the impact of merger on the efficiency and productivity ofcommercial banks in Malaysia for the period 1995 until 2005. The study uses a non-parametric approach, nam ely DEA (data envelopment analysis?) to estimate the efficiency scores and to construct the Malmquist productivity index. To enable this estimation, three bank inputs and outputs are used. Amongst the findings are those banks exhibit higher efficiency score after the merger and thefo reign banks are more efficient than the local banks. Productivity of the banks is calculated in both periods, before and after the merger: The results show that, it is the local banks that have improved the most after the merger. The main source of productivity is technical change or innovation. The findings support the existing policy of having larger domestic banks in term of size.

ANALISIS EFEKTIVITAS PROGRAM USAHA AGRIBISNIS PERDESAAN (PUAP) SERTA DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP TINGKAT PENDAPATAN PETANI (STUDI KASUS PADA GABUNGAN KELOMPOK TANI TELUK JAYA)

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yudi Triyanto
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
F Test ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Program Funding ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Farmer Income ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Group Association

Study the effectivity analysis of Program Usaha Agribisnis Perdesaan (PUAP) and its impact on farmer income levels (case study of the Teluk Jaya Farmers Group Association) aims to 1. knowing how large the effectivity of PUAP funds is for income levels in poverty alleviation in Teluk Desa Sentosa Panai Hulu Subdistrict, 2. to analyze and determine the level of income of Gapoktan Teluk Jaya Farming Business in Teluk Sentosa, Panai Hulu Subdistrict before and after receiving PUAP assistance. The results showed that the effectivity of PUAP program funding is very effective and good, it can be seen from the results of the F test of 12.406 with a significant level of 0.000 while the F value of the table is 2.051. When compared to the value of F test (12.406) > Ftable (2.051) at α 5%, it was concluded that simultaneously the effectivity variable and the PUAP program had a positive effect. The increase in income of the Teluk Jaya Farmers Group in Teluk Sentosa after receiving PUAP funds can be known from the t table for the effectivity variable of 2.663 and the PUAP program for 1.270 with a significant value for each independent variable (2.051); (0.073). Whereas for the t table value in the distribution statistics t table with the level of test α = 5% and df1 = 27 of 2,051. Based on the criteria that if the value is t count> t table); namely (2.663> 2,051) (1,270> 2,051) so that it can be concluded that the effectivity variable partially has a positive and significant effect on the income level.Keywords : effectivity variable,  income level, PUAP program

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