scholarly journals Urban water demand for manufacturing, construction and service industries: a microdata analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar Gracia-de-Rentería ◽  
Ramón Barberán ◽  
Jesús Mur
Keyword(s):  
Water Demand ◽  
Service Industries ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Translog Cost Function ◽  
Pricing Policy ◽  
Output Elasticity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Industrial Demand

Abstract This study analyses the industrial demand for urban water using a panel dataset of firms operating in the city of Zaragoza (Spain) and looking at three sectors (manufacturing, construction and services) disaggregated on 24 subsectors. Evidence in favour of using the marginal price rather than the average price is obtained, and the selection of the price is found to influence the value of the elasticities. Based on a translog cost function, the direct price elasticity of water (−0.86), the output elasticity (0.73) and the cross-price elasticities between water and capital, labour and supplies (being all of them substitutes) were estimated. By subsectors, the influence of price is only significant in those with a higher share of water in the total production cost. These results indicate that pricing can be used as a tool for managing water demand by promoting conservation of the resource. However, these results also indicate that the simultaneous use of other instruments is advisable to reinforce the impact of pricing policy on water consumption.

Urban water demand assessment for sustainable water resources management, under climate change and socioeconomic changes

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 679-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelos Alamanos ◽  
Stamatis Sfyris ◽  
Chrysostomos Fafoutis ◽  
Nikitas Mylopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Management Scenarios ◽  
Sustainable Water Resources Management ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Abstract The relationship between water abstraction and water availability has turned into a major stress factor in the urban exploitation of water resources. The situation is expected to be sharpened in the future due to the intensity of extreme meteorological phenomena, and socio-economic changes affecting water demand. In the city of Volos, Greece, the number of water counters has been tripled during the last four decades. This study attempts to simulate the city's network, supply system and water demand through a forecasting model. The forecast was examined under several situations, based on climate change and socio-economic observations of the city, using meteorological, water pricing, users' income, level of education, family members, floor and residence size variables. The most interesting outputs are: (a) the impact of each variable in the water consumption and (b) water balance under four management scenarios, indicating the future water management conditions of the broader area, including demand and supply management. The results proved that rational water management can lead to remarkable water conservation. The simulation of real scenarios and future situations in the city's water demand and balance, is the innovative element of the study, making it capable of supporting the local water utility.

Irrigation water pricing policy for water demand and environmental management: a case study in the Weihe River basin

Water Policy ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 816-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanus Asefaw Aregay ◽  
Zhao Minjuan ◽  
Zahra Masood Bhutta
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Water Pricing ◽  
Pricing Policy ◽  
Weihe River ◽  
Weihe River Basin ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Irrigation Water Pricing

Irrigated agricultural production is the backbone of the Chinese agricultural sector, but the increasing demand for irrigation water, its inefficient utilization and overuse of chemical inputs, accompanied by the short supply of water resources have endangered the nation's agricultural and environmental sustainability. The Chinese government has proposed a water pricing policy with the expectation of improving the efficiency of utilizing irrigation water and fertilizer, to mitigate these problems. With the main objective of this paper being to assess the impact of this policy on water demand and environmental sustainability, a positive mathematical programming model was adopted to simulate different irrigation water pricing scenarios based on farm-level primary data from three irrigation districts along the Weihe River basin. The main parameter for assessing water demand was the change in total water consumption relative to the base year, while change in fertilizer consumption and water demand was determined to evaluate the impact of pricing policy on environment sustainability. According to the results, irrigation water demand and fertilizer consumption were mostly price inelastic to water pricing. This implies that water pricing policy can have only a minor role in regulating the water demand and environment in the region even when the base-year water price is doubled.

scholarly journals Integrated Urban Water Management and Water Security: A Comparison of Singapore and Hong Kong

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia Jensen ◽  
Sreeja Nair
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Water Governance ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Integrated Water Resources Management ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Urban Water Management ◽  
Integrated Urban Water Management ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Integrated Urban Water Management (IUWM) has emerged in the past two decades as a promising approach to the application of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) principles at the city-level. IUWM is expected to contribute to the achievement of multiple policy objectives, often including increased water security. This paper uses a case-based approach to study the impact of IUWM on water security, focusing on the influence of the level of institutionalization of IUWM within water governance at the city-level. Process tracing is applied to the cases of Singapore and Hong Kong, in which IUWM has been adopted but implementation and outcomes have diverged. We find that the depth of institutionalization, a difference between the two cases identified at the outset, has contributed to the achievement of better water security outcomes in Singapore as it has facilitated the development and implementation of a more far-reaching strategy. A supportive governance framework appears to amplify the impact of IUWM on progress towards water security and other policy targets.

Assessing the impact of property size on residential water use for selected neighbourhoods in Lilongwe, Malawi

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chikondi Makwiza ◽  
Heinz Erasmus Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Urban Housing ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Residential Water Use ◽  
Residential Properties ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Residential Water

Malawi has one of the highest urbanisation rates in Africa, with an urban housing approach that favours large residential plot sizes. The impact of plot size on residential water use was evaluated by examining water use records, obtained for the period between January 2009 and December 2014, for formal residential properties in the city of Lilongwe. Water use increased with plot size in line with other reported research, but the dataset contained a considerable proportion of large plots, which were also associated with higher residential water use than presented in similar studies. The findings of this study point to the need for collaboration between water managers and urban planners to promote increased access of urban water supplies by appropriately managing future residential plot sizes.

scholarly journals Modeling of water demand management in an arid area: case of Bechar city

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Seddiki ◽  
El Amine Cherif
Keyword(s):  
Water Demand ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Computer Tool ◽  
Algerian Sahara ◽  
Average Annual Rainfall ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town ◽  
Water Evaluation And Planning

AbstractBechar city is located in arid climate of the Algerian Sahara, with an average annual rainfall of about 72 mm. There are two sources to ensure the water supply of the town of Bechar; the first comes from a watershed made up of eight non-renewable boreholes, and the second comes from the Djorf Torba dam, located about 45 km to the west. The pressure on water demand in the highland region depends on many factors, namely: demographic, social, climatic and economic. This study is based on the application of a water evaluation and planning computer tool on the city of Bechar. Which allows us to analyze the supply–demand balance in the water and assess the impact of different scenarios on the study area for manage the water resource and the projected water demand for the different sectors (drinking water, industrial water and agriculture) until 2060.

scholarly journals Sustainability Assessment of Urban Water Use from Building to Urban Scale in the GST4Water Project

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuela Di Fusco ◽  
Alessandro Lenci ◽  
Tonino Liserra ◽  
Valentina Ciriello ◽  
Vittorio Di Federico
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Urban Water Use ◽  
The Impact

The present paper illustrates some of results obtained in the GST4Water project concerning the development of appropriate metrics, methods and tools for the assessment of economic and environmental sustainability of urban water systems at different scales for a variety of stakeholders. At the household scale and based on data and algorithms to represent residential water demand, we reconstruct the behavior of domestic users and develop a suite of indicators accounting for consumption performances and sustainability, and a software tool geared at the needs of water consumers. Considering multiple scales ranging from household to urban, we develop a model based on urban metabolism, able to evaluate several performance indicators for both sustainability assessment and benchmark, comparing the impact of different management options for water demand and reuse.

scholarly journals Urban Water Demand Prediction for a City That Suffers from Climate Change and Population Growth: Gauteng Province Case Study

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salah L. Zubaidi ◽  
Sandra Ortega-Martorell ◽  
Hussein Al-Bugharbee ◽  
Ivan Olier ◽  
Khalid S. Hashim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Water System ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Ann Model ◽  
Gauteng Province ◽  
The Impact

The proper management of a municipal water system is essential to sustain cities and support the water security of societies. Urban water estimating has always been a challenging task for managers of water utilities and policymakers. This paper applies a novel methodology that includes data pre-processing and an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) optimized with the Backtracking Search Algorithm (BSA-ANN) to estimate monthly water demand in relation to previous water consumption. Historical data of monthly water consumption in the Gauteng Province, South Africa, for the period 2007–2016, were selected for the creation and evaluation of the methodology. Data pre-processing techniques played a crucial role in the enhancing of the quality of the data before creating the prediction model. The BSA-ANN model yielded the best result with a root mean square error and a coefficient of efficiency of 0.0099 mega liters and 0.979, respectively. Moreover, it proved more efficient and reliable than the Crow Search Algorithm (CSA-ANN), based on the scale of error. Overall, this paper presents a new application for the hybrid model BSA-ANN that can be successfully used to predict water demand with high accuracy, in a city that heavily suffers from the impact of climate change and population growth.

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