scholarly journals Rainfall and outbreaks of drinking water related disease and in England and Wales

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Nichols ◽  
Chris Lane ◽  
Nima Asgari ◽  
Neville Q. Verlander ◽  
Andre Charlett
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Heavy Rain ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Streptobacillus Moniliformis ◽  
Cumulative Rainfall ◽  
British Atmospheric Data Centre ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

A case-crossover study compared rainfall in the 4 weeks before drinking water related outbreaks with that in the five previous control years. This included public and private drinking water related outbreaks in England and Wales from 1910 to 1999. Of 111 outbreaks, 89 met inclusion criteria and the implicated pathogens included Giardia, Cryptosporidium, E. coli, S. Typhi, S. Paratyphi, Campylobacter and Streptobacillus moniliformis. Weather data was derived from the British Atmospheric Data Centre There was a significant association between excess cumulative rainfall in the previous 7 days and outbreaks (p=0.001). There was an excess of rainfall below 20 mm for the three weeks previous to this in outbreak compared to control weeks (p=0.002). Cumulative rainfall exceedances were associated with outbreak years. This study provides evidence that both low rainfall and heavy rain precede many drinking water outbreaks and assessing the health impacts of climate change should examine both.

Exploration of E. coli contamination drivers in private drinking water wells: An application of machine learning to a large, multivariable, geo-spatio-temporal dataset

2021 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 117089
Author(s):  
Katie White ◽  
Sarah Dickson-Anderson ◽  
Anna Majury ◽  
Kevin McDermott ◽  
Paul Hynds ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Water Wells ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Drinking water quality and antibiotic resistance of E. coli and Salmonella spp. from different sources in Gweru urban, Zimbabwe

2021 ◽  
Vol 193 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Desmond Tichaona Mugadza ◽  
Sibusisiwe Isabel Nduku ◽  
Edlyn Gweme ◽  
Sherpherd Manhokwe ◽  
Patience Marume ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Different Sources

Sources and exposure of the New Hampshire population to arsenic in public and private drinking water supplies

2006 ◽  
Vol 228 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 72-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen C. Peters ◽  
Joel D. Blum ◽  
Margaret R. Karagas ◽  
C. Page Chamberlain ◽  
Derek J. Sjostrom
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Public And Private

scholarly journals Bacteria Detection and Differentiation Using Impedance Flow Cytometry

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 3496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Casper Clausen ◽  
Maria Dimaki ◽  
Christian Bertelsen ◽  
Gustav Skands ◽  
Romen Rodriguez-Trujillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Electrical Response ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Microbiological Control ◽  
Frequency Phase

Monitoring of bacteria concentrations is of great importance in drinking water management. Continuous real-time monitoring enables better microbiological control of the water and helps prevent contaminated water from reaching the households. We have developed a microfluidic sensor with the potential to accurately assess bacteria levels in drinking water in real-time. Multi frequency electrical impedance spectroscopy is used to monitor a liquid sample, while it is continuously passed through the sensor. We investigate three aspects of this sensor: First we show that the sensor is able to differentiate Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) bacteria from solid particles (polystyrene beads) based on an electrical response in the high frequency phase and individually enumerate the two samples. Next, we demonstrate the sensor’s ability to measure the bacteria concentration by comparing the results to those obtained by the traditional CFU counting method. Last, we show the sensor’s potential to distinguish between different bacteria types by detecting different signatures for S. aureus and E. coli mixed in the same sample. Our investigations show that the sensor has the potential to be extremely effective at detecting sudden bacterial contaminations found in drinking water, and eventually also identify them.

scholarly journals Drinking water and diarrhoeal disease due to Escherichia coli

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Diarrhoeal Disease ◽  
Central Place ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Related Disease ◽  
Direct Damage ◽  
Water Microbiology

Escherichia coli has had a central place in water microbiology for decades as an indicator of faecal pollution. It is only relatively recently that the role of E. coli as pathogen, rather than indicator, in drinking water has begun to be stressed. Interest in the role of E. coli as a cause of diarrhoeal disease has increased because of the emergence of E. coli O157:H7 and other enterohaemorrhagic E. coli, due to the severity of the related disease. There are enterotoxigenic, enteropathogenic, enterohaemorrhagic, enteroinvasive, enteroaggregative and diffusely adherent strains of E. coli. Each type of E. coli causes diarrhoeal disease through different mechanisms and each causes a different clinical presentation. Several of the types cause diarrhoea by the elaboration of one or more toxins, others by some other form of direct damage to epithelial cells. This paper discusses each of these types in turn and also describes their epidemiology, with particular reference to whether they are waterborne or not.

scholarly journals Spread of Antibiotic Resistance in Aquatic Environments: E. coli as a Case Study

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Adamantia Efstratiou ◽  
Marina Bountouni ◽  
Efthimios Kefalas
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Multiple Resistance ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Of Greece

The aim of this study was to gather information on the spread of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from wells, boreholes and untreated drinking water in islands of Greece. We analyzed for antibiotic resistance 235 E. coli strains isolated from untreated drinking water of small rural communities, and ground water from 4 islands. Resistance was tested against Norfloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Amoxicillin and Cefaclor. More than half (54.9%) were resistant to at least one of the antibiotics tested. Of these 26.3% showed multiple resistance (to two or more antibiotics). Strains from drinking water sources were overall more sensitive. Frequent resistance was observed for Amoxicillin (38.3%) and Levofloxacin (28.5%), low for Norfloxacin (5.5%).

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