Water Quality in Residential Tidal Canals

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
A. J. Moss
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Canal Water ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Canal Systems ◽  
Flushing Rates ◽  
Freshwater Inflows ◽  
Source Water Quality ◽  
Significant Factors

Monitoring of water quality in residential tidal canals in Queensland has been carried out since 1974. Some recent data from four separate canal systems and their source waters is presented. Source water quality was generally good and this high quality was maintained in surface waters throughout these systems. Stratification of the water column in poorly flushed canal branches led to periodic deterioration in bottom water quality but this never resulted in significant management problems. Based on the Queensland data and on data from other Australian and overseas canal systems, conclusions are drawn about significant factors affecting canal water quality. These include flushing rates, source quality, polluting inputs, freshwater inflows and depth. Finally, possible objectives for canal water quality are discussed.

scholarly journals Effects of Source Water Quality on Chlorine Inactivation of Adenovirus, Coxsackievirus, Echovirus, and Murine Norovirus

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (15) ◽  
pp. 5159-5164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy M. Kahler ◽  
Theresa L. Cromeans ◽  
Jacquelin M. Roberts ◽  
Vincent R. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Human Adenovirus ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Murine Norovirus ◽  
Water Types ◽  
Chlorine Disinfection ◽  
Public Water Systems ◽  
Groundwater Source ◽  
Source Water Quality

ABSTRACT More information is needed on the disinfection efficacy of chlorine for viruses in source water. In this study, chlorine disinfection efficacy was investigated for USEPA Contaminant Candidate List viruses coxsackievirus B5 (CVB5), echovirus 1 (E1), murine norovirus (MNV), and human adenovirus 2 (HAdV2) in one untreated groundwater source and two partially treated surface waters. Disinfection experiments using pH 7 and 8 source water were carried out in duplicate, using 0.2 and 1 mg/liter free chlorine at 5 and 15�C. The efficiency factor Hom (EFH) model was used to calculate disinfectant concentration � contact time (CT) values (mg�min/liter) required to achieve 2-, 3-, and 4-log10 reductions in viral titers. In all water types, chlorine disinfection was most effective for MNV, with 3-log10 CT values at 5�C ranging from ≤0.020 to 0.034. Chlorine disinfection was least effective for CVB5 in all water types, with 3-log10 CT values at 5�C ranging from 2.3 to 7.9. Overall, disinfection proceeded faster at 15�C and pH 7 for all water types. Inactivation of the study viruses was significantly different between water types, but no single source water had consistently different inactivation rates than another. CT values for CVB5 in one type of source water exceeded the recommended CT values set forth by USEPA's Guidance Manual for Compliance with the Filtration and Disinfection Requirements for Public Water Systems using Surface Water Sources. The results of this study demonstrate that water quality plays a substantial role in the inactivation of viruses and should be considered when developing chlorination plans.

NASA-Modified Precipitation Products to Improve USEPA Nonpoint Source Water Quality Modeling for the Chesapeake Bay

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 1388-1401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigro Joseph ◽  
Toll David ◽  
Partington Ed ◽  
Wenge Ni-Meister ◽  
Lee Shihyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Chesapeake Bay ◽  
Nonpoint Source ◽  
Water Quality Modeling ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Quality Modeling ◽  
Source Water Quality

scholarly journals Monitoring of Waterborne Pathogens in Surface Waters in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and the Potential Health Risk Associated with Exposure to Cryptosporidium and Giardia in These Waters

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 2069-2078 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. Schets ◽  
J. H. van Wijnen ◽  
J. F. Schijven ◽  
H. Schoon ◽  
A. M. de Roda Husman
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Waterborne Pathogens ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Canal Water ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Bathing Water Directive ◽  
Bathing Water ◽  
Estimated Risk

ABSTRACT The water in the canals and some recreational lakes in Amsterdam is microbiologically contaminated through the discharge of raw sewage from houseboats, sewage effluent, and dog and bird feces. Exposure to these waters may have negative health effects. During two successive 1-year study periods, the water quality in two canals (2003 to 2004) and five recreational lakes (2004 to 2005) in Amsterdam was tested with regard to the presence of fecal indicators and waterborne pathogens. According to Bathing Water Directive 2006/7/EC, based on Escherichia coli and intestinal enterococcus counts, water quality in the canals was poor but was classified as excellent in the recreational lakes. Campylobacter, Salmonella, Cryptosporidium, and Giardia were detected in the canals, as was rotavirus, norovirus, and enterovirus RNA. Low numbers of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts were detected in the recreational lakes, despite compliance with European bathing water legislation. The estimated risk of infection with Cryptosporidium and Giardia per exposure event ranged from 0.0002 to 0.007% and 0.04 to 0.2%, respectively, for occupational divers professionally exposed to canal water. The estimated risk of infection at exposure to incidental peak concentrations of Cryptosporidium and Giardia may be up to 0.01% and 1%, respectively, for people who accidentally swallow larger volumes of the canal water than the divers. Low levels of viable waterborne pathogens, such as Cryptosporidium and Giardia, pose a possible health risk from occupational, accidental, and recreational exposure to surface waters in Amsterdam.

scholarly journals Trihalomethane precursor reactivity changes in drinking water treatment unit processes during a storm event

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 2098-2106
Author(s):  
Chelsea W. Neil ◽  
Yingying Zhao ◽  
Amy Zhao ◽  
Jill Neal ◽  
Maria Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Source Water Quality

Abstract Source water quality can significantly impact the efficacy of water treatment unit processes and the formation of chlorinated and brominated trihalomethanes (THMs). Current water treatment plant performance models may not accurately capture how source water quality variations, such as organic matter variability, can impact treatment unit processes. To investigate these impacts, a field study was conducted wherein water samples were collected along the treatment train for 72 hours during a storm event. Systematic sampling and detailed analyses of water quality parameters, including non-purgeable organic carbon (NPOC), UV absorbance, and THM concentrations, as well as chlorine spiking experiments, reveal how the THM formation potential changes in response to treatment unit processes. Results show that the NPOC remaining after treatment has an increased reactivity towards forming THMs, and that brominated THMs form more readily than chlorinated counterparts in a competitive reaction. Thus both the reactivity and quantity of THM precursors must be considered to maintain compliance with drinking water standards, a finding that should be incorporated into the development of model-assisted treatment operation and optimization. Advanced granular activated carbon (GAC) treatment beyond conventional coagulation–flocculation–sedimentation processes may also be necessary to remove the surge loading of THM-formation precursors during a storm event.

Effectively Managing Source Water Quality Affecting Downstream Recycled Water Treatment Plants

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (14) ◽  
pp. 2625-2640
Author(s):  
Alice E. Towey ◽  
John M. Hake ◽  
Erika R. Gardner ◽  
Joseph A. Augustine
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Source Water Quality
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