Characterization, Digestibility and Anaerobic Treatment of Leachates from Old and Young Landfills

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 145-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Méndez ◽  
J. M. Lema ◽  
R. Blázquez ◽  
M. Pan ◽  
C. Forjan
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Anaerobic Filter ◽  
Standards Of Living ◽  
Landfill Sites

We have evaluated the utility of applying anaerobic digestion treatment to the leachates from two landfill sites receiving solid urban refuse from populations of similar standards of living. Both tips are located in the same area and have very similar climates, but they differ as regards the length of time they have been operated. The leachates from the older tip have much lower levels of organic load, 40% of which was refractory to the anaerobic digestion treatment applied. The digestibility of leachates was studied by using a semicontinuous suspended sludge system.It was possible to remove up to 65% of the soluble COD of leachates from the young tip by means of an anaerobic filter working at HRTs less than 2 days. This system proved to be highly stable when its operating conditions were subjected to perturbations similar to those likely to be suffered by a full-scale plant.

A Critical Look into the Deviation of Full Scale Performance from Design Expectations

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 1389-1402 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Zaloum
Keyword(s):  
Expert Systems ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Uniform Load ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Simulation Techniques ◽  
Steady Level

Deviations from design expectations appear to stem from views which assume that a unique response should result from a given set of operating conditions. The results of this study showed that two systems operating at equal organic loads or F/M ratios and at the same SRT do not necessarily give equal responses. This deviation was linked to the manner in which the HRT and influent COD are manipulated to obtain a constant or uniform load, and to subtle interactions between influent COD, HRT and SRT on the biomass and effluent responses. Increases of up to 200% in influent COD from one steady level to the next did not significantly influence the effluent VSS concentration while an effect on filtered COD was observed for increases as low as 20%. Effluent TKN and filtered COD correlated strongly with the operating MLVSS while phosphorus residual depended on the operating SRT and the organic load removed. These results point to the inadequacy of traditional models to predict effluent quality and point to the need to consider these effects when developing simulation techniques or computer assisted expert systems for the control of waste treatment plants.

The effect of anaerobic pre-treatment on the inert soluble COD of fermentation industry effluents

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Yilmaz ◽  
I. Öztürk
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Baker’S Yeast ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Baker's Yeast ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Process Wastewater ◽  
Volumetric Loading

The objective of this study is to determine the inert soluble COD of wastewaters from the fermentation industry. In this context, a series of experiments were performed for various effluents from baker's yeast industry including raw process wastewater, anaerobic pre-treatment plant effluents, domestic and washing waters mixture. The inert COD ratio (SISO) for the raw effluents from baker's yeast industry was determined as 0.1. This ratio was in the range of 0.20 to 0.30 for the anaerobically pre-treated effluents. TheSISO ratios for the wastewater simulating the effluent of the existing full-scale aerobic treatment plant have varied from 0.18 to 0.48. Such a large variation has been originated from the operating conditions of the existing full-scale anaerobic treatment plants. The higher volumetric loading rates and shorter sludge retention times correspond the lower SISO ratios for the full-scale anaerobic treatment systems in general.

scholarly journals Overview of the application of anaerobic treatment to chemical and petrochemical wastewaters

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 201-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Macarie
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Actual Situation ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Recent Developments

During the last 20 years, as a result of its low cost, anaerobic digestion has turned into a popular wastewater treatment technology. Today, with at least 1330 reactors constructed in the world, it is considered to have reached technological maturity. Until recently however, it was used quite exclusively for the treatment of food industry effluents. It is only during the last 10 years that anaerobic digestion has started to be applied massively to the treatment of sewage and effluents from other industrial activities. During the 1970s and 1980s, the chemical and petrochemical industries were almost refractory to the introduction of anaerobic digestion. The situation has reversed since 1990 and at least 80 full-scale anaerobic plants are nowadays treating this type of waste. Nevertheless, a great amount of promotion is still required before anaerobic digestion can be considered as an accepted technology by this industry. The paper presents the actual situation of anaerobic treatment at full-scale inthis industrial sector as well as recent developments at lab-scale and discusses some important concepts to consider before the implementation of an anaerobic treatment. In particular a table is presented with the main characteristics of 65 of the 80 full-scale plants identified to date. The probable reasons for the slow initial development of anaerobic treatment are also discussed and it is shown that anaerobic digestion has been the solution to treatment problems for which aerobic systems were inefficient.

Winery and distillery wastewater treatment by anaerobic digestion

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Moletta
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Fluidised Bed ◽  
Anaerobic Filter

Anaerobic digestion is widely used for wastewater treatment, especially in the food industries. Generally after the anaerobic treatment there is an aerobic post-treatment in order to return the treated water to nature. Several technologies are applied for winery wastewater treatment. They are using free cells or flocs (anaerobic contact digesters, anaerobic sequencing batch reactors and anaerobic lagoons), anaerobic granules (Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket – UASB), or biofilms on fixed support (anaerobic filter) or on mobile support as with the fluidised bed. Some technologies include two strategies, e.g. a sludge bed with anaerobic filter as in the hybrid digester.With winery wastewaters (as for vinasses from distilleries) the removal yield for anaerobic digestion is very high, up to 90–95% COD removal. The organic loads are between 5 and 15 kgCOD/m3 of digester/day. The biogas production is between 400 and 600 L per kg COD removed with 60 to 70% methane content. For anaerobic and aerobic post-treatment of vinasses in the Cognac region, REVICO company has 99.7% COD removal and the cost is 0.52 Euro/m3 of vinasses.

scholarly journals Characterization and anaerobic digestion of highly concentrated Mexican wine by-products and effluents

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 190-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Vital-Jacome ◽  
M. Cazares-Granillo ◽  
J. Carrillo-Reyes ◽  
G. Buitron
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
Stage Process ◽  
By Products

Abstract Wine production has increased in recent years, especially in developing countries such as Mexico. This increase is followed by an increase of winery effluents that must be treated to avoid environmental risks. However, little information is available about the characteristics of these effluents and the possible treatments. This paper aimed to characterize the effluents and by-products generated by the Mexican winery industry and to evaluate the performance and stability of the anaerobic treatment using a single-stage and a two-stage process. Results showed that the winery effluents had a high content of biodegradable organic matter, with chemical oxygen demand (COD) values ranging from 221 to 436 g COD/L. The single-stage anaerobic process was able to treat an organic loading rate of 9.6 kg COD/(m3 d); however, it was unstable and highly dependent on the addition of bicarbonate alkalinity (0.31 g NaHCO3/g COD removed). The two-stage process was more stable working at a higher organic load (12.1 kg COD/(m3 d)) and was less dependent on the addition of bicarbonate (0.17 g NaHCO3/g COD removed). The results highlight the potential of the winery effluents to produce methane through anaerobic digestion in a two-stage process, making wine production more sustainable.

scholarly journals Biogas Generation through Anaerobic Digestion of Compost Leachate in Semi-Continuous Completely Stirred Tank Reactors

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siciliano ◽  
Limonti ◽  
Curcio ◽  
Calabrò
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Stirred Tank ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Stirred Tank Reactors ◽  
Load Rate ◽  
Compost Leachate

The composting process of organic fraction of municipal solid waste, besides to the residual compost, generates a wastewater that is characterized by a high organic load. The application of anaerobic processes represents an advantageous solution for the treatment and valorization of this type of wastewater. Nevertheless, few works have been focused on the anaerobic digestion of compost leachate. To overcome this dearth, in the present paper an extensive experimental investigation was carried out to develop and analyse the anaerobic treatment of young leachate in completely stirred tank reactors (CSTR). Initially, it was defined a suitable leachate pretreatment to correct its acidic characteristics that is potentially able to inhibit methanogenic biomass activity. The pretreated leachate was fed to the digester over the start-up phase that was completed in about 40 days. During the operational period, the organic load rate (OLR) changed between 4.25 kgCOD/m3d and 38.5 kgCOD/m3d. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) abatement was higher than 90% for OLR values up to 14.5 kgCOD/m3d and around to 80% for applied loads equal to 24.5 kgCOD/m3d. At this OLR, it was reached the maximum daily biogas production of about 9.3 Lbiogas/(Lreactord). The CH4 fraction was between 70%–78% and the methane production yield in the range 0.34–0.38 LCH4/gCODremoved. The deterioration of biogas production started for OLR values that were over the threshold of 24.5 kgCOD/m3d when a volatile fatty acids (VFA) accumulation occurred and the pH dropped below 6.5. The maximum ratio between VFA and alkalinity (ALK) tolerable in the CSTR was identified to be 0.5 gCH3COOH/gCaCO3. Through an economic analysis, it was proven that the digestion of compost leachate could ensure significant economic profits. Furthermore, the produced digestate had characteristics that were compatible for agricultural applications.

scholarly journals Conversion of organic compounds into biogas on a full scale brewery WWTP using IC reactor

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 00095
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Umiejewska
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Brewery Wastewater ◽  
Organic Components ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Biological Transformation ◽  
Raw Wastewater

Wastewater from breweries usually contains high levels of organic components, which are generally easily biodegradable. Ideally, the mainstream method of brewery wastewater treatment is based on biological transformation, which have been reported to be effective in efficiently reducing COD concentration. Anaerobic digestion technology plays an important role in the treatment of high strength wastewater [1]. The benefit of the process is biogas production and recovering the energy. The main goal of the paper is to present the results of a full-scale research performed in a brewery WWTP in 2016. Wastewater from brewery containing COD, a priority pollutant of organic components, is treated in IC reactor. The biogas produced during the anaerobic digestion is transformed into heat. Total COD and soluble COD were measured 5 days a week in wastewater before and after anaerobic reactor. In raw wastewater, average total COD was 5226 mg/L with the percentage share of soluble COD 89.4%. As a result of anaerobic treatment 83,7% reduction of total COD and 92.9% reduction of soluble COD were obtained. The average daily biogas production was 4089 m3/d.

Anaerobic digestion of municipal solid organic waste: valorga full-scale plant in Tilburg, the Netherlands

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 457-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène Fruteau de Laclos ◽  
Serge Desbois ◽  
Claude Saint-Joly
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Plug Flow ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuation ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Mechanical Equipment ◽  
Garden Waste

Anaerobic digestion has been up to now essentially applied to wastewater. However, anaerobic treatment of organic solid waste fits in well with the new requirements for waste management. The Valorga full-scale plant in Tilburg (the Netherlands) is designed to process 52,000 tons per year of organic municipal solid waste separately collected. The Valorga digestion process is a semi-continuous, high-solid, one-step, plug-flow type process. The main characteristic is the complete absence of any mechanical equipment inside the reactors. The waste to be treated consists of food and garden waste. The characterization of the waste stream revealed a seasonal fluctuation in quantity and quality, that was correlated with seasonal garden waste production. The methane yield is varying from 210 to 290 m3 STP per Mg of volatile solids. It is related to waste composition. During the slack winter period the waste contains proportionally more food waste that is more biodegradable than lignocellulosic garden waste. The biological process was stable based on volatile acidity, alkalinity and ammonia measurements in the effluent. The organic residue, after dewatering and storage under aerobic conditions, can be considered as soil conditioner.

Evaporator Condensate and Caustic Extraction Liquor from a Pulp Factory Treated with an Anaerobic Process

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 399-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Nilsson ◽  
O. Strand
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Process ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Process ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Anaerobic Process ◽  
Anaerobic Wastewater Treatment

Borregaard Industries Ltd, Norway, is a Ca-bisulphite based pulp manufacturer which has an interest in an anaerobic wastewater treatment process. At this pulp factory a combination of sulphite evaporator (SEC) and caustic extraction liquor (CEL) would eliminate the costs for neutralization chemicals in an anaerobic treatment process. The anaerobic process was also suitable because of the high concentration of organic compounds in CEL, the biogas production and the low sludge growth. Today a full-scale plant treating SEC in combination with CEL is in operation with a capacity to treat 60 tons of COD/d. All CEL qualities are treated anaerobically even those containing peroxide. The highest guaranteed AOX concentration in the CEL to be treated is 25 mg AOX/I. The experience from a 2-year pilot plant study has influenced the design of the full-scale plant. An adaption of the sludge to the CEL has to be performed due the toxic compounds in the CEL. The incoming wastewater to the full-scale plant has a composition of 50% COD from the SEC and 50% COD from the CEL. With an organic load of 40 tons COD/d, a SEC/CEL ratio of 51/49, the COD reduction is 65% and the gas yield 0.20 m3 CH4/kg COD added. This full-scale plant is unique due to the treatment of different CEL qualities and to the high combination of CEL.

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