scholarly journals Cost assessment of different routes for phosphorus recovery from wastewater using data from pilot and production plants

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nättorp ◽  
K. Remmen ◽  
C. Remy
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
Phosphorus Recovery ◽  
Cost Data ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Disposal ◽  
Treatment Train ◽  
P Recovery ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Cost

Phosphorus (P) recovery from wastewater has considerable potential to supplement limited fossil P reserves. Reliable cost data are essential for investor and policymaker decisions. In this study, investment and operational costs for nine P recovery processes were calculated from the investor's perspective, taking into account all relevant side effects on the sludge treatment or the wastewater treatment plant. The assessment was based on pilot and full-scale data which were thoroughly consolidated and standardized with technical and cost data from the German wastewater–sludge treatment train to enable direct comparison. The cost influence of precipitation processes on the current wastewater–sludge treatment train ranges from −0.14 (generating profit) to 0.23 EUR per population equivalent (PE) and year, while the cost influence of sludge leaching processes is around 2.50 EUR/(PE y). The cost influence of processes using dry sludge and mono-incineration ash varies between 0.33 and 3.13 EUR/(PE y), depending on existing disposal pathways, mono-incineration, co-incineration or agricultural use of sludge. The specific costs per kg P recovered (−4 to 10 EUR/kg P) are in general higher than conventional fertilizer production (1.6 EUR/kg P). However, annual costs per PE represent less than 3% of the total costs for wastewater disposal.

Destruction of Faecal Bacteria, Enteroviruses and OVA of Parasites in Wastewater Sludge by Aerobic Thermophilic and Anaerobic Mesophilic Digestion

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. G. Carrington ◽  
E. B. Pike ◽  
D. Auty ◽  
R. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Working Volume ◽  
Thermotolerant Coliforms ◽  
Mesophilic Digestion ◽  
Faecal Bacteria ◽  
Faecal Streptococci

A new sludge treatment plant at Harrogate South Sewage Treatment Works is designed to handle up to 4 tonnes (dry solids) daily. Sludge is thickened continuously up to 8% (ds) and is then treated in parallel anaerobic mesophilic (AD) and thermophilic aerobic digestion (TAD) plants each with a maximum working volume of 530m3. Microbiological studies were carried out to compare the destruction of pathogens and faecal indicator bacteria. The AD plant operated with a mean retention of 26 days at 34 °C and achieved 49% reduction of volatile solids. The TAD plant operated with a mean retention of 28 days at 55 °C and reduced volatile solids by 35%. Operation was on a pump in-pump out cycle, guaranteeing 4h retention for all sludge. The disinfecting ability of TAD exceeded that of AD since it reduced counts of Enterobacteriaceae, thermotolerant coliforms and faecal streptococci to below 103/100ml, rendered cytopathic enteroviruses undetectable and destroyed viability of Ascaris suum ova within 4h. The AD process reduced bacterial counts by 90% and enteroviruses by 99%, but has no effect upon viability of Ascaris ova.

Full-scale phosphorus recovery from digested wastewater sludge in Belgium – part II: economic opportunities and risks

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Geerts ◽  
Adrien Marchi ◽  
Marjoleine Weemaes
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Financial Incentive ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
Phosphorus Recovery ◽  
Digested Sludge ◽  
Positive Economic ◽  
Demonstration Plant ◽  
P Recovery

One of the options to recycle phosphorus (P) in the wastewater sector is to recover it as struvite crystals from digested sludge. Measurements on a full-scale demonstration plant in Leuven, Belgium, yielded a first indication of the profitability of struvite recovery, in function of different variables such as incoming PO43− concentration, MgCl2 dosing, improved dewaterability, etc. An uncertainty and sensitivity analysis was carried out. Although possible improvement in sludge dewaterability when recovering struvite from digested sludge has a positive economic amortization effect, it is at the same time the largest source of financial risk. A theoretical exercise showed that for struvite recovery from centrate, uncertainty would be lower, and the largest sensitivity would be attributed to ingoing PO43− concentration. Although struvite recovery from digested sludge is riskier, it is an investment with potentially a higher return than investment in struvite recovery from centrate. The article provides information for possible financial incentive schemes to support P-recovery.

Reducing operating costs for struvite formation with a carbon dioxide stripper

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 957-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. P. Fattah ◽  
N. Sabrina ◽  
D. S. Mavinic ◽  
F. A. Koch
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Phosphorus Recovery ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
University Of British Columbia ◽  
Water Matrix ◽  
Operational Costs ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The University

One of the major operational costs of phosphorus recovery as struvite is the cost of caustic chemical that is added to maintain a desired level of operative pH. A study was conducted at the Lulu Island Wastewater Treatment Plant (LIWWTP), Richmond, BC, using a struvite crystallizer and a cascade stripper designed at the University of British Columbia (UBC). The stripper was tested under different operating conditions to determine the effectiveness of CO2 stripping in increasing the pH of the water matrix and thereby reducing caustic chemical use. This reduction is expected to reduce the operational costs of struvite production. Throughout the project, a high percentage (90%) of phosphorus removal was achieved under each condition. The cascade stripper was very effective in saving caustic usage, ranging from 35% to 86%, depending on the operating conditions. However, the stripper showed relatively poor performance regarding ammonia stripping.

scholarly journals Operation performance of an A/O process combined sewage sludge treatment and phosphorus recovery using human urine

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (12) ◽  
pp. 2597-2607
Author(s):  
Fanzhe Zeng ◽  
Wenbiao Jin ◽  
Qingliang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Human Urine ◽  
Ultrasonic Treatment ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Phosphorus Recovery ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
P Release ◽  
Sewage Sludge Treatment ◽  
P Recovery

Abstract A novel sewage sludge treatment process is developed in which sludge anaerobically phosphorus (P) released with the temperature control/ultrasonic treatment and recovery with human urine are incorporated to a conventional anaerobic/aerobic (A/O) process. The results showed that temperature affected the anaerobic P release and the maximum orthophosphate (PO43–P) release rate was 21.68 mg PO43–P/(g MLVSS.h) at 20 °C. The optimal specific energy of ultrasonic treatment was 15,000 kJ/kg TS, at which the solubilization degree of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) was 37.93%, which verified that the anaerobic sludge flocs were broken and the organic matter was obviously released. Human urine and P-rich sludge stream could be verified as a feasible way of P recovery in the form of struvite. The output of P in the combined A/O treatment process consisted of three pathways (i.e., effluent wastewater, sewage sludge, and P recovery). The influent P could be recovered by 22.84% and about 1.48 g/d potential struvite could be recovered from the anaerobic sludge flow using 0.27 L/d-human urine. The mass balances of COD and nitrogen (N) indicated that the combined A/O process also improved the organic mineralization and the removal of N.

scholarly journals Particle balance and return loops for microplastics in a tertiary-level wastewater treatment plant

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauliina Salmi ◽  
Kalle Ryymin ◽  
Anna K. Karjalainen ◽  
Anna Mikola ◽  
Emilia Uurasjärvi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
Tertiary Level ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Reject Water ◽  
Exit Route ◽  
Sampling Campaign ◽  
The One

Abstract Microplastics (MPs) from households, stormwater, and various industries are transported to wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), where a high proportion of them are captured before discharging their residuals to watersheds. Although recent studies have indicated that the removed MPs are mainly retained in wastewater sludge, sludge treatment processes have gained less attention in MP research than water streams at primary, secondary, and tertiary treatments. In this study, we sampled twelve different process steps in a tertiary-level municipal WWTP in central Finland. Our results showed that, compared to the plant influent load, three times more MPs circulated via reject water from the sludge centrifugation back to the beginning of the treatment process. Especially fibrous MPs were abundant in the dewatered sludge, whereas fragment-like MPs were observed in an aqueous stream. We concluded that, compared to the tertiary effluent, sludge treatment is the major exit route for MPs into the environment, but sludge treatment is also a return loop to the beginning of the process. Our sampling campaign also demonstrated that WWTPs with varying hydraulic conditions (such as the one studied here) benefit from disc filter–based tertiary treatments in MP removal.

scholarly journals Advanced process for thermal treatment of wastewater sludge

2007 ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
Mika Horttanainen ◽  
Juha Kaikko ◽  
Riikka Bergman ◽  
Katja Kakko ◽  
Hanna-Mari Manninen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Sludge Drying ◽  
Dried Sludge

In addition to composting and anaerobic digestion, thermal treatment is one of the mostimportant treatment methods of wastewater sludge. There are special sludge incinerationplants, built for large volumes of wastewater sludge. Sludge is also burned with other fuels,especially in the forest industry. Energy from the combustion process is usually utilized asheat only or in combined heat and power production. Combustion diminishes the volume ofthe sludge by 80 to 96% depending on the moisture and ash content of the sludge. The delaytime of the material in the combustion process is a few seconds as opposed to several days inbiological processes. At the same time, all the pathogens are completely destroyed. Thechallenges in combustion are often related to the high moisture content of the sludge, whichcan cause problems to the stability of the combustion. Sludge can be dried thermally beforecombustion to avoid these problems.In this study, we introduce the modeling results of a sludge treatment process based onthermal drying and combustion. The process utilizes the released energy in distributedelectricity production.The process under review burns the dried sludge and produces high-pressure steam in anormal power plant process. The steam is led to the turbine where heat is converted tomechanical energy. After the backpressure turbine, the steam still contains a lot of thermalenergy. In the case study this heat is not used for district heating or industrial process heatingpurposes but utilized totally for sludge drying. One advantage of this process is that no heatload is required at the sludge treatment plant, often situated far from district heating networksor industry. The need for mechanical drying of sludge can also be optimized to save in thecosts of the mechanical drying facilities and energy. With the example case it is shown howthe pre-treatment, thermal drying and combustion should be designed to achieve a purelyelectricity producing process which does not need any other sources or consumption ofenergy.

Aerobic biological treatment of thermophilically digested sludge

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 2340-2345 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Kevbrina ◽  
Y. A. Nikolaev ◽  
D. A. Danilovich ◽  
A. Ya. Vanyushina
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Digested Sludge ◽  
Sludge Treatment

Aerobic biological treatment of digested sludge was studied in a continuously operated laboratory set-up. An aerated reactor was filled with thermophilically digested sludge from the Moscow wastewater treatment plant and inoculated with special activated sludge. It was then operated at the chemostat mode at different flow rates. Processes of nitrification and denitrification, as well as dephosphatation, occurred simultaneously during biological aerobic treatment of thermophilically digested sludge. Under optimal conditions, organic matter degradation was 9.6%, the concentrations of ammonium nitrogen and phosphate decreased by 89 and 83%, respectively, while COD decreased by 12%. Dewaterability of digested sludge improved significantly. The processes were found to depend on hydraulic retention time, oxygen regime, and temperature. The optimal conditions were as follows: hydraulic retention time 3–4 days, temperature 30–35 °C, dissolved oxygen levels 0.2–0.5 mg/L at continuous aeration or 0.7–1 mg/L at intermittent aeration. Based on these findings, we propose a new combined technology of wastewater sludge treatment. The technology combines two stages: anaerobic digestion followed by aerobic biological treatment of digested sludge. The proposed technology makes it possible to degrade the sludge with conversion of ∼45% volatile suspended solids to biogas, to improve nitrogen and phosphorus removal in reject water from sludge treatment units, and to achieve removal of malodorous substances after 8–9 days of anaerobic–aerobic sludge treatment.

Regional planning and product recovery as tools for sustainable sludge management

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 389-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Stypka ◽  
E. Plaza ◽  
A. Stypka ◽  
J. Trela ◽  
B. Hultman
Keyword(s):  
Regional Planning ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Product Recovery ◽  
Phosphorus Recovery ◽  
Process Technology ◽  
Sludge Management ◽  
Spreadsheet Program ◽  
Phosphate Industry ◽  
Regional Location ◽  
The Cost

The article presents two aspects of sludge management: regional planning and product recovery. The introduction of these two elements can reduce the cost, close the ecocycle and make the management more sustainable. A spreadsheet program to optimize the regional location of different facilities is presented. The simple example shows the potential of the model. The brief comparison of formal problems concerning sludge disposal in Poland and Sweden is also discussed. Requirements of phosphorus recovery and recycling of phosphorus to the phosphate industry make sludge fractionation in combination with product recovery a new development in wastewater handling. Phosphorus recovery from sludges with chemical bound phosphorus requires complex and expensive process technology and may therefore lead to increased regional sludge management with a central sludge treatment plant.

Dutch analysis for P-recovery from municipal wastewater

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 191-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Roeleveld ◽  
P. Loeffen ◽  
H. Temmink ◽  
B. Klapwijk
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Phosphorus Recovery ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Fertilizer Industry ◽  
Dutch Study ◽  
End Products ◽  
P Recovery

There is a considerable practical interest in phosphorus recovery from water authorities, elementary P-industry, fertilizer industry and regulators in a number of countries. Due to a handful of full-scale plants worldwide, P-recovery can be seen as technically feasible. However, the economic feasibility of P-recovery from sewage can still be judged as dubious. The most important reason for this is that the prices of the techniques (in €/tonne P) are much higher compared to the prices of phosphate rock. In this paper an analysis is given to recover phosphate from municipal wastewater for the elementary P-industry Thermphos International B.V. and the fertiliser industry Amsterdam Fertilizers B.V. in The Netherlands. Several scenarios are evaluated and the end products of these scenarios are compared to the quality required by both industries. From a Dutch study it became clear that all end products from the final sludge treatment do not provide a good source of secondary phosphate. As a consequence of this, the most preferred possibility for P-recovery is to extract phosphate before sludge goes to the final sludge treatment. Different scenarios can be selected based on the position of P-recovery in the WWTP configuration, the type of P-recovery product, and the precipitation technique. Local conditions will determine which scenario is the most expedient. Because it is more realistic to judge a practical situation instead of theoretical estimations based on literature, some local situations have to be assessed in sufficient detail to gain more feeling for the expenses and possible savings of P-recovery. One important actor that should be involved in the process management around P-recovery, is the national government. Especially, the Government have the responsibility for sustainable development and should have attention for some stimulation of P-recovery in The Netherlands. Water authorities and the P- and fertilizer industry made already some good steps.

scholarly journals BIOCHAR AS AN ECO-ADDITION IN WASTEWATER AND WASTEWATER SLUDGE TREATMENT PROCESSES IN NON-URBANIZED AREAS

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Mazurkiewicz Jakub ◽  
Damian Janczak ◽  
Dawid Wojcieszak ◽  
Sebastian Kujawiak ◽  
Przemysław Zakrzewski
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
New Products ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
Stable Carbon ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Management Processes ◽  
Urbanized Areas

Especially in non-urbanized areas there is a need to use various waste products, e.g. from agriculture, households, etc. New products that are created in a simple way should be able to be used many times without the use of complicated and expensive technology. This article presents the potential of biochar used in wastewater treatment processes and sludge management in small installations - for the maximum maintained number of users equal to 50. The possibilities of two substances used in sewage management processes, such as char and biochar will be presented. These substances, produced from pyrolysis, are stable carbon-rich compounds which have various beneficial applications like soil conditioning, remediation and wastewater treatment. In particular, biochar originating from wastewater sludge pyrolysis, possible to be generated at the place of formation, was taken into account. In addition, ways to increase the reliability of the treatment plant with biochar based filters are described.

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