scholarly journals Cellular Automata and Their Generalizations in Cryptography. Part 1

2021 ◽  
pp. 90-101
Author(s):  
Petr Klyucharev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automata ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Pseudorandom Sequence ◽  
Complexity Classes ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Complete Problems ◽  
Cryptographic Algorithms ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Level

The purpose of the article is an analytical review of the application of cellular automata and their generalizations in cryptography. Research method: an analysis of scientific publications on the topic of the article. Results: The review article analyzes the literature devoted to the use of classical cellular automata and their generalizations for the construction of cryptographic algorithms. The article consists of two parts. The first part is devoted to classical cellular automata and symmetric cryptographic algorithms based on them. It briefly discusses the history of the theory of cellular automata and its applications in various scientific disciplines. The review of the works of a number of authors who proposed symmetric cryptographic algorithms and pseudorandom sequence generators based on one-dimensional cellular automata is presented. The security of such cryptographic algorithms turned out to be insufficient. The following is a review of articles devoted to the use of two-dimensional cellular automata for constructing ciphers (this approach gave the best results). Multidimensional cellular automata are also mentioned. The second part of the article will be devoted to a review of works devoted to the use of generalized cellular automata in cryptography – on the basis of such automata, it is possible to create symmetric encryption algorithms and cryptographic hash functions that provide a high level of security and high performance in hardware implementation (for example, on FPGA), as well as having fairly low requirements for hardware resources. In addition, an attention will be paid to interesting connections of generalized cellular automata, in the context of their use in cryptography, with the theory of expander graphs. Attention will also be paid to the security of cryptographic algorithms based on generalized cellular automata. The works devoted to the implementation of various cryptographic algorithms based on generalized cellular automata on FPGA and GPU will be mentioned. In addition, an overview of asymmetric cryptographic algorithms based on cellular automata will be given. The questions about the belonging of some problems on cellular automata and their generalizations to the class of NP-complete problems, as well as to some other complexity classes, will also be considered.

scholarly journals Perceived risk and protective behaviors regarding COVID-19 among Iranian pregnant women

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soodabeh Aghababaei ◽  
Saeed Bashirian ◽  
Alireza Soltanian ◽  
Mansoureh Refaei ◽  
Tahereh Omidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Protective Behaviors ◽  
Economic Level ◽  
History Of ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Of Risk

Abstract Background Despite the vulnerability of pregnant women, few studies have been conducted on their perceived risk and protective behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. The present cross-sectional study aims to investigate the perceived risk and protective behaviors regarding COVID-19 among pregnant women, in Hamadan, Iran. Using a two-stage cluster sampling method, 225 pregnant women referring to the health centers completed the questionnaires. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman correlation tests as well as a stepwise linear regression model at 95% confidence level. Results 93.8% of pregnant women had a high level of knowledge, 97.3% had a high performance in protective behaviors, and 72.9% had a moderate level of risk perception related to COVID-19. The highest mean score of knowledge was observed in women who had a history of influenza in their previous pregnancies (90.97 ± 5.94). The mean score of protective behaviors was significantly higher in women with a high economic level (97.78 ± 5.11), and the highest level of risk perception was observed in nulliparous women (59.97 ± 9.80). Risk perception was an independent predictor of protective behaviors related to COVID-19 (P < 0.05). Conclusions Pregnant women had a high level of knowledge, high performance in protective behaviors, and a moderate level of risk perception related to COVID-19. History of influenza in previous pregnancies, high economic level, and nulliparity were associated with higher levels of knowledge, protective behaviors, and risk perception, respectively. Risk perception of pregnant women regarding COVID-19 can predict their protective behaviors.

scholarly journals High-Level Design Space and Flexibility Exploration for Adaptive, Energy-Efficient WCDMA Channel Estimation Architectures

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoltán Endre Rákossy ◽  
Zheng Wang ◽  
Anupam Chattopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Channel Estimation ◽  
Software Defined Radio ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Complexity Classes ◽  
Power Performance ◽  
Performance Constraints ◽  
Estimation Algorithms ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Level

Due to the fast changing wireless communication standards coupled with strict performance constraints, the demand for flexible yet high-performance architectures is increasing. To tackle the flexibility requirement, software-defined radio (SDR) is emerging as an obvious solution, where the underlying hardware implementation is tuned via software layers to the varied standards depending on power-performance and quality requirements leading to adaptable, cognitive radio. In this paper, we conduct a case study for representatives of two complexity classes of WCDMA channel estimation algorithms and explore the effect of flexibility on energy efficiency using different implementation options. Furthermore, we propose new design guidelines for both highly specialized architectures and highly flexible architectures using high-level synthesis, to enable the required performance and flexibility to support multiple applications. Our experiments with various design points show that the resulting architectures meet the performance constraints of WCDMA and a wide range of options are offered for tuning such architectures depending on power/performance/area constraints of SDR.

scholarly journals Perceived Risk and Protective Behaviors regarding COVID-19 among Iranian Pregnant Women

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soodabeh Aghababaei ◽  
Saeed Bashirian ◽  
Alireza Soltanian ◽  
Mansooreh Refaei ◽  
Tahereh Omidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Protective Behaviors ◽  
Economic Level ◽  
History Of ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Of Risk

Abstract Background: Despite the vulnerability of pregnant women, few studies have been conducted on their perceived risk and protective behaviors during COVID-19 pandemic. The present study aims to investigate the perceived risk and protective behaviors regarding COVID-19 among Iranian pregnant women. Results: 93.8% of pregnant women had a high level of knowledge, 97.3% had high performance in protective behaviors, and 72.9% had a moderate level of risk perception related to COVID-19. The highest mean score of knowledge was observed in women who had a history of influenza in their previous pregnancies (90.97±5.94). The mean score of protective behaviors was significantly higher in women with a high economic level (97.78±5.11), and the highest level of risk perception was observed in nulliparous women (59.97±9.80). Risk perception was an independent predictor of protective behaviors related to COVID-19 (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Pregnant women had a high level of knowledge, high performance in protective behaviors, and a moderate level of risk perception related to COVID-19. History of influenza in the previous pregnancies, high economic level, and nulliparity were associated with higher levels of knowledge, protective behaviors, and risk perception, respectively. Risk perception of pregnant women regarding COVID-19 can predict their protective behaviors.

The Analysis of Early Maladaptive Schemas which Facilitate High Performance in Women Handball and Rugby Players

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 145-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina-Isabela Gherghişan
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Early Maladaptive Schemas ◽  
Maladaptive Schemas ◽  
Individual Assessment ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Level ◽  
Rugby Players ◽  
Unique Individual

Abstract Starting with the assumption of the interdependence between psyche and soma and considering the idea that performance is rooted in the history of each athlete as a unique individual, but also in the collective history of the team to which the athlete belongs, the present study aims to identify those elements in terms of early maladaptive schemas, part of each player’s personal history that stimulates a “repair and healing game” at group level, with reference to the specific sport practiced, leading to high-level athletic performance. In order to meet the objectives of the study we used the psychological instrument YSQ (Young’s Schemas Questionnaire) as individual assessment tool. Existing data were obtained from the components of two national teams, women, senior level, the national rugby 7s team, and the national handball team. There were tested two hypotheses, specifically: (1) There is a common spectrum of early maladaptive schemas for the rugby and handball players considering the similarities between the two sports; (2) There are significant differences in which it concerns early maladaptive schemas between the rugby players and the handball players, considering the specific of each sport. Both hypotheses of the study confirm, the results outlining an interesting dynamic in both sports considered.

A Confrontation between Two Doctrines: The Birth of Struggle for Hegemony in Hebrew Children's Literature during the 1930s and 1940s

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
YAEL DARR
Keyword(s):  
Children's Literature ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
The Political ◽  
Literary Creation ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Level ◽  
First Time ◽  
Literary Quality

This article describes a crucial and fundamental stage in the transformation of Hebrew children's literature, during the late 1930s and 1940s, from a single channel of expression to a multi-layered polyphony of models and voices. It claims that for the first time in the history of Hebrew children's literature there took place a doctrinal confrontation between two groups of taste-makers. The article outlines the pedagogical and ideological designs of traditionalist Zionist educators, and suggests how these were challenged by a group of prominent writers of adult poetry, members of the Modernist movement. These writers, it is argued, advocated autonomous literary creation, and insisted on a high level of literary quality. Their intervention not only dramatically changed the repertoire of Hebrew children's literature, but also the rules of literary discourse. The article suggests that, through the Modernists’ polemical efforts, Hebrew children's literature was able to free itself from its position as an apparatus controlled by the political-educational system and to become a dynamic and multi-layered field.

Deterministic Mechanism of Irreversibility

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 5708-5733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav Michailovich Somsikov
Keyword(s):  
Internal Energy ◽  
Hamiltonian Systems ◽  
Classical Mechanics ◽  
Motion Equation ◽  
Holonomic Constraints ◽  
Dissipative Processes ◽  
Motion Energy ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
History Of ◽  
Material Points

The analytical review of the papers devoted to the deterministic mechanism of irreversibility (DMI) is presented. The history of solving of the irreversibility problem is briefly described. It is shown, how the DMI was found basing on the motion equation for a structured body. The structured body was given by a set of potentially interacting material points. The taking into account of the body’s structure led to the possibility of describing dissipative processes. This possibility caused by the transformation of the body’s motion energy into internal energy. It is shown, that the condition of holonomic constraints, which used for obtaining of the canonical formalisms of classical mechanics, is excluding the DMI in Hamiltonian systems. The concepts of D-entropy and evolutionary non-linearity are discussed. The connection between thermodynamics and the laws of classical mechanics is shown. Extended forms of the Lagrange, Hamilton, Liouville, and Schrödinger equations, which describe dissipative processes, are presented.

What Can Digitization Do For Formulated Product Innovation and Development

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
James McDonagh ◽  
William Swope ◽  
Richard L. Anderson ◽  
Michael Johnston ◽  
David J. Bray
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
High Quality Data ◽  
Base Level ◽  
Hybrid Approaches ◽  
Digital Ecosystem ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Chemical Simulation ◽  
High Level ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Digitization offers significant opportunities for the formulated product industry to transform the way it works and develop new methods of business. R&D is one area of operation that is challenging to take advantage of these technologies due to its high level of domain specialisation and creativity but the benefits could be significant. Recent developments of base level technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI)/machine learning (ML), robotics and high performance computing (HPC), to name a few, present disruptive and transformative technologies which could offer new insights, discovery methods and enhanced chemical control when combined in a digital ecosystem of connectivity, distributive services and decentralisation. At the fundamental level, research in these technologies has shown that new physical and chemical insights can be gained, which in turn can augment experimental R&D approaches through physics-based chemical simulation, data driven models and hybrid approaches. In all of these cases, high quality data is required to build and validate models in addition to the skills and expertise to exploit such methods. In this article we give an overview of some of the digital technology demonstrators we have developed for formulated product R&D. We discuss the challenges in building and deploying these demonstrators.<br>

Islands of Stability: Engaging Emergence from Cellular Automata to the Occupy Movement

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Pickering
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Collective Decision ◽  
Collective Decision Making ◽  
Occupy Movement ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S

"Instead of considering »being with« in terms of non-problematic, machine-like places, where reliable entities assemble in stable relationships, STS conjures up a world where the achievement of chancy stabilisations and synchronisations is local.We have to analyse how and where a certain regularity and predictability in the intersection of scientists and their instruments, say, or of human individuals and groups, is produced.The paper reviews models of emergence drawn from the history of cybernetics—the canonical »black box,« homeostats, and cellular automata—to enrich our imagination of the stabilisation process, and discusses the concept of »variety« as a way of clarifying its difficulty, with the antiuniversities of the 1960s and the Occupy movement as examples. Failures of »being with« are expectable. In conclusion, the paper reviews approaches to collective decision-making that reduce variety without imposing a neoliberal hierarchy. "

A New Step in the Study of the History of the Russian Prosecutor’s Office

2019 ◽  
pp. 94-98
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
High Level ◽  
The University

The paper is a review on the textbook by A. V. Yeremin, «The History of the National Prosecutor’s office» and the anthology «The Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Empire in the Documents of 1722–1917» (authors: V. V. Lavrov, A. V. Eremin, edited by N. M. Ivanov) published at the St. Petersburg Law Institute (branch) of the University of the Prosecutor’s office of the Russian Federation in 2018. The reviewers emphasize the high relevance and high level of research, their theoretical and practical significance. The textbook and the anthology will help the students increase their legal awareness, expand their horizons.

Network Organizational Structure (a Scientific and Practical Review)

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 613-618
Author(s):  
A. V. Altukhov ◽  
S. A. Tishchenko
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
Network Structures ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Modern Business ◽  
History Of ◽  
Business Structures

The presented study reviews practically relevant research papers in the field of network structures, modern network business models and platforms.Aim. The study aims to elaborate and explain the concept of network structure and platform and to show the reasons for the progressiveness and potential of network organizational structure at the current stage of socio-economic and scientific development.Tasks. The authors highlight the main scientific ideas about network structures in business, including significant studies in this area; provide and explain the main terms and definitions and examine the key characteristics of network business structures; characterize “platforms” as an important concept for modern business and show the relationship between platforms and network structures.Methods. This study uses analysis of information and subsequent synthesis of new knowledge in the form of the authors’ conclusions and a wide range of relevant scientific publications of Russian and foreign authors, including original publications in English and French.Results. The history of network structures is briefly provided. Definitions and characteristics of such concepts as “network structure” and “platform” in relation to business are provided and explained by the authors.

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